2. The oldest single-hole stone bridge in the world is Zhao Zhouqiao;
3. The earliest block printing with exact date in the world is the Diamond Sutra in the Tang Dynasty;
4. The ancient imperial examination system and the system of three provinces and six departments in China began in the Sui Dynasty;
5. Gunpowder was first used in the military in the late Tang Dynasty;
6. The earliest existing complete code in China is the Tang Law Theory;
7. The person who first recorded the gunpowder formula was Sun Simiao;
8. The compass was first used in navigation in the Song Dynasty;
9. The earliest paper money in the world is the cross of the Northern Song Dynasty;
10. The first chronological general history in the history of China was "Learning from Your Own Experience" compiled by Sima Guang.
1 1, the earliest guide instrument was Sina in the Warring States period;
12, the earliest inventor of movable type printing is Bi Sheng;
13. The first unified feudal dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China was the Yuan Dynasty;
14, the Hui nationality began to form in the Yuan Dynasty;
15, the highest local administrative organization in China-provincial administrative divisions began in the Yuan Dynasty;
16. The earliest ocean voyage in the world was Zheng He's voyage to the West.
China's four great inventions are well known, but it is impossible to tell how many of the best inventions in the world were in ancient China. Let me tell you something:
1. The earliest planting of rice and millet: As early as 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, rice and millet were planted in China.
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2. The earliest invention of sericulture and silk weaving: As early as 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, China began to raise silkworms for reeling, and new progress was made in prevention and control technology.
3. Lacquer has the longest history: a red lacquer bowl was unearthed at Hemudu site in primitive society. Lacquerware manufacturing in Shang and Zhou Dynasties has reached a high level.
4. The use and circulation of Chinese characters is the longest: Chinese characters are still the only ancient Chinese characters widely used in the world. Chinese characters were produced from the end of primitive society to the early slave society, and by the Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions had become a relatively mature script.
5. Longest date method: The date method of cadres and branches is the greatest achievement of the Shang calendar and the longest date method in the world.
6. The earliest records of solar eclipse: The relevant historical materials of Xia Dynasty and Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty preserved the records of early solar eclipse in China. This is also the earliest existing record in the world.
7. The earliest invention of cast iron softening technology: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the softening technology of cast iron created by our people was more than 2,000 years earlier than that in Europe.
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8. The earliest record of Halley's comet: The Spring and Autumn Annals recorded that "a satellite entered the Beidou" in 6 13 BC, which is recognized as the first exact record of Halley's comet in the world, more than 600 years earlier than Europe.
9. The earliest establishment of the seven-leap calendar in 19: The legislation in the Spring and Autumn Period has formed a fixed system and basically established the principle of19, which is earlier than that in the West 160.
10, the earliest astronomical works: During the Warring States Period, the Chu people Gander and wei ren Shen Shi each wrote an astronomical work, which was later collectively called "Shi Gan Xing Jing", which contained rich astronomical records.
1 1, the earliest plow used: In the Western Han Dynasty, the plow was equipped with a plow that turned the soil, which was more than a thousand years earlier than in Europe.
12, the earliest sunspot record: Records of the Five Elements of Han Dynasty said: "The first year of peace in Han Dynasty (28 BC), March has passed (18), and the sun is yellow, with black gas as big as money, and it lives in the center of Japan." This record about sunspots in the Western Han Dynasty is recognized as the earliest record about sunspots in the world.
13 The Highest Applied Mathematics: Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is a mathematical monograph written in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In nine chapters, many arithmetic propositions and their solutions were introduced. It was the highest applied mathematics in the world at that time, marking the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.
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14. The earliest seismograph to determine the direction of an earthquake: The seismograph invented and manufactured by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, can measure the direction of an earthquake thousands of miles away, more than 1700 years earlier than the seismograph made by Europeans.
15, the earliest invention of anesthetics: Hua Tuo, a "magical doctor" in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, extracted and made hemp boiling powder from plants, which was suitable for surgery, more than 600 years earlier than in the West 1600.
16, the earliest invention of papermaking: there was paper in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the paper with a map unearthed in Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu Province is the earliest known paper in the world. /kloc-In 0/05, Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty improved papermaking and made cheap and easy-to-write paper. And the raw materials are easily available, so it is called "Cai Hou Paper".
17, the earliest accurate calculation of pi: Liu Wei, a mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties, put forward a correct method to calculate pi by using limit theory. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties accurately calculated pi between 3.1415926 ~ 301415927, nearly a thousand years earlier than foreign countries.
18, the longest and earliest canal: the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center, Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the north and Yuhang (now Hangzhou) in the south, was dug by Yang Di from 605 to 6 10, making it the earliest and longest grand canal in the world.
19, the largest seagoing vessel: During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China was able to build the largest seagoing vessel in the world at that time. When you pass through the Persian Gulf, you have to change ships, so you are known as the "overlord of the sea".
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20. The earliest banks: counters in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which were specialized in money deposit and loan business, were the earliest embryonic banks in China, six or seven hundred years earlier than financial institutions in Europe.
2 1, the earliest invention of printing: when Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, "the waste image is left behind, and the life is engraved, which is the beginning of printing books". During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were carved Buddhist calendars and books. The Diamond Sutra, printed in 868 in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest block-printed version with exact date in the world. 1 1 In the middle of the century, Bi Sheng, a civilian in the Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing, which was more than four centuries earlier than the Europeans.
22. The earliest invention of gunpowder and its military application: In the books of the mid-Tang Dynasty, the formula of gunpowder was already available. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military, and the rocket was the earliest gunpowder weapon. The Southern Song Dynasty invented the tubular firearm "musket", which is the earliest primitive rifle in the world, and initiated a new stage in the history of human war.
23. The earliest meridian length measurement and the earliest discovery of stellar motion: An outstanding astronomer in the Tang Dynasty and his party were the founders of measuring the meridian length of the earth by scientific methods in the world, about 90 years earlier than abroad. Monks and his party also created an ecliptic travel instrument to observe the positions and movements of the sun, the moon and the five stars. Through observation, a group of people discovered the phenomenon of star position movement. This is nearly a thousand years before the British astronomer Harley put forward the idea of stars' self-motion in 17 18.
24. The earliest pharmacopoeia promulgated by the state: Tang Herbal Medicine edited by the editor is the earliest pharmacopoeia promulgated by the state in the world.
25. The oldest ancient arch bridge: Zhao Zhouqiao, designed and built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.
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26. The largest art treasure house: Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is one of the largest art treasures in the world, with more than 1000 caves, in which Buddha statues with different expressions are shaped and murals with golden walls are drawn. Among them, caves in Sui and Tang Dynasties accounted for 67/ 10.
27. The compass was first invented and applied to navigation: During the Warring States period, people made a guiding tool-SiNa by using the characteristics of magnetic conductivity. After constant transformation, Sina in the Song Dynasty made a compass, which was first used for navigation. Compass has been widely used in navigation and traffic in Song Dynasty. In the 3rd century, the compass was introduced to Arab and European countries. Compass is used in navigation, which greatly promotes the exchange and development of world economy and culture. At the same time, it also provides important conditions for European navigation to discover America and realize global navigation.
29. The earliest determination of annual cycle: Guo Shoujing was an outstanding astronomer in Yuan Dynasty. He presided over the compilation of Time Coin. The one-year cycle is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, except that this current Gregorian calendar is 300 years earlier.
30. The earliest ocean voyage: Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean from 1405 to 1433 in the Ming Dynasty, visited more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa as far as possible. Its scale, duration and voyage are unprecedented in the history of world navigation. He was more than half a century ahead of European navigators' ocean voyage.
3 1. The earliest description of limestone karst landform: Xu Xiake's Travels by Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Xiake, in which the observation and description of limestone karst landform was about two centuries earlier than that in Europe.
32. The earliest discussion about beriberi: Where is Sun Simiao, a doctor in the Tang Dynasty? According to Qian Jin Fang, almonds, Evodia rutaecarpa, Sichuan pepper and chaff containing a lot of vitamin B can be used to treat and prevent beriberi, which was very advanced at that time. It was almost a thousand years before beriberi was first discussed in Europe.
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33. The earliest use of paper money: Jiaozi was created in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was the beginning of the use of paper money in China and the earliest paper money in the world.
34. The earliest discovery of magnetic declination: Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, discovered that the magnetic needle points slightly east to the south, which is the earliest record of magnetic declination, more than 400 years earlier than that in Europe.
China's ancestors made our descendants proud and surprised the world. Today's China attracts the world's attention.