Before studying the skeletal animation, first study the Constraint label constraint of C4D.
the constraint command in c4d is placed in the role menu, and the constraint label is placed in the role label, because the constraint is closely related to the movement of the character bones. As shown in the figure below, the range of human skeletal movement is limited, and the range of skeletal movement can be controlled by using constraints to make it more reasonable.
theory
1. What is a constraint?
You can restrict the position, direction and scale of one object to another, and use constraints to strengthen the special restrictions on objects. When it comes to constraints, it must be the relationship between the movements of two or more objects, one is the constrained object, and the other is the constrained object or "target object". The influence of multiple target objects on "constrained objects" is determined by their weight. In C4D, the role of constraint is realized through the "constraint label" in the role.
Second, the importance of constraints:
The knowledge that must be mastered before learning skeletal animation, constraints are not only widely used in skeletal animation, but also a very important tool when simulating the mechanical motion of objects and generally showing the motion relationship between two objects. By mastering the constraint tools, you can initially master the knowledge of object "RIG", which can make the animation more efficient.
Third, the function of C4D's constraint label:
To put it bluntly, constraints play a "connection" and "restriction" role in the motion relationship between objects. Of course, the best way to "contact" and "limit" objects is to use the XPRESSO tag, which is very powerful. But for some people, C4D adopts "constraint label", which is simpler and more efficient than XPRESSO.
an object can add multiple constraint tags, and their priority order is as follows: 1. Parent (father and son) 2. PSR (position scaling and rotation) 3. Mirror (mirror) 4. Clamp (limit) 5. Spring (spring) 6. Aim (tracking) 7. Up Vector (up vector)
calculation from top to bottom.
Different constraints have different labels:
1. Add a target constraint
The constrained object will constrain itself towards the target object.
2. Add axis constraint
The constrained object can only move along the corresponding axis of the target object.
3. Add restrictions
The constrained object keeps a certain distance and direction from the target object.
4. Mirror image constraint
The motion relationship between the constrained object and the target object is a mirror image relationship.
5. Origin constraint
The constrained object keeps a certain constraint distance from the target object.
6. Parent constraint
The constrained object and the target object establish the relationship between child and parent. (Note that the constrained object is independent).
7. Plane constraint
The constrained object will be confined to the XY plane of the target object.
8. Point constraint
The constrained object will be controlled by the point on the target object.
9. Position constraint
The constrained object is controlled by the position of the target object.
1. Rotation constraint
The rotation of the constrained object will be controlled by the rotation of the target object.
11. Scaling constraint
The size change of the constrained object will be controlled by the size change of the target object.
12. PSR constraint
The position, size and rotation of the constrained object are completely controlled by the target object. (I have no independence)
13. Curve constraint
The constrained object is controlled by the target curve.
14. Spring constraint
The constrained object delays following the target object as if there is a spring between them.
15. Surface constraint
The constrained object is controlled by the surface of the target object.
16. Upward vector constraint
The target object will be regarded as the upward vector.
17. Boundary constraint
The constrained object will be controlled by the boundary of the target object.
Fourth, how to apply constraints:
In C4D:
1. Constraint label for object motion-role label-constraint;
2. Menu-Role-Constraint Command
3. For curve constraint-hair label-constraint.
if you want to constrain that object, just add a label to the back of that object.
Example
Floating boat on the water
1. Create a plane with a higher number of segments, and then press c to convert the polygon.
2. Add a "displacement" deformer. Color, select noise.
3. The noise is set as follows. Note that the animation rate is 1.4. (You decide) Noise can generate noise animation.
4. Build a cube to make a boat.
5. press l to adjust the coordinates to the bottom of the ship.
6. Copy it into the scene and zoom the boat.
7. Right-click on the BOAT and select-Role Tab-Constraint Tab. Check-limit.
when you select "limit", notice that the icon on the label is automatically changed to:
8. The settings are as follows: (Because it is a demonstration, I won't explain it)
9. When you click play, the plane appears "waves" and the boat "bumps" up and down with the waves.
1. Of course, you can also make the moving animation of the boat in K frames. Of course, you can also make a sail for the boat, and then use dynamics-cloth-wind to make the boat move. However, key constraints play a very important role.