Liu Zongyuan (773-819), also known as Zihou. A writer and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Liujia Lane, Xiwenxue Village, Yongji City, Shanxi Province), and later moved to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Together with Han Yu, he initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and was also known as Han Liu. Because he was from Hedong and finally became the governor of Liuzhou, he was called Liuhedong or Liuliuzhou. Liu Zongyuan was born in Chang'an, the capital city, in the eighth year of Dali (773). He was born in an official family. He had few talents and great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent diction. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi, and in the fourteenth year he was admitted to Bo Xue Hong Ci. Liu Zongyuan (773-819), whose courtesy name was Zihou. A writer and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Liujia Lane, Xiwenxue Village, Yongji City, Shanxi Province), and later moved to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Together with Han Yu, he initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and was also known as Han Liu. Because he was from Hedong and finally became the governor of Liuzhou, he was called Liuhedong or Liuliuzhou.
Liu Zongyuan was born in Chang'an, the capital city, in the eighth year of Daizong's reign (773). He was born in a family of officials. He had few talents and great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent diction. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he was admitted to the Bo Xue Hong Ci Department and was awarded the Zhengzi of Jixian Dian. He was once a captain of Lantian, and later became an official in the court. He actively participated in the political reform of Wang Shuwen Group and became a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wai Lang. In September of the first year of Yongzhen (805), the reform failed and he was demoted to the governor of Shaozhou. In November, he was demoted to the Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan). In the spring of the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), he returned to the capital and became the governor of Liuzhou, with outstanding political achievements. Xianzong died in his post in the 14th year of Yuanhe (819).
Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose. The prose is strong in argumentation, sharp in writing, pungent in sarcasm, and full of combativeness. The travel notes describe the scenery and are often relied upon. His philosophical works include "Tian Shuo", "Tian Shi", "Feudal Theory", etc. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved and compiled into collections by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty. There is "Liuhe East Collection".
The Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties is the collective name for the eight representative prose writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, San Su, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty.
When did the title "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" originate? According to research, in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu You compiled the articles of the above eight essayists into the "Collected Works of Mr. Eight", and the name of the Eight Masters originated from this. The "Wen Bian" compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of the Ming Dynasty only included articles by eight essayists from the Tang and Song Dynasties. Articles by other writers were not included. This played a certain role in the shaping and spreading of the names of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Soon after, Mao Kun, who admired Tang Shunzhi, selected articles from the eight masters according to Zhu and Tang's editing methods and compiled them into "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and the title of the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties was fixed.
The Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties were the central figures in charge of the ancient prose movement of the Tang Dynasty. They advocated prose and opposed parallel prose, which exerted a profound influence on the literary world at that time and in later generations.
Han Yu
Han Yu (768-824), nicknamed Tuizhi, known as Han Changli in the world, was a native of Henan, an outstanding writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, and the leader of the classical prose movement. The head of the "Eight Great Masters of Song Dynasty", he has a high status in the history of the development of Chinese prose. Su Dongpo praised him as "the rise and fall of eight generations of prose". His articles are grand, bold and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, integrating ancient and modern times. Whether they are argumentative, story-telling or lyrical, they all form a unique style and reach a height that has never been reached by predecessors.
Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), courtesy name Zihou, was born in Chang'an in Hedong. He was a famous thinker and outstanding writer in the Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the extravagant and flashy style of writing that had enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties, and advocated simple and smooth prose.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), courtesy name Yongshu, also known as "Drunkard" and "Liuyi Jushi", was an outstanding and erudite essayist and a leader in the prose innovation movement of the Song Dynasty. Leader?, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Because he was concerned about the country and the people, and was upright and outspoken, Ouyang Xiu went through many hardships in his official career, but "the poorer he became, the more he worked" in his creations. He adopted the spirit of Han Yu's "Wen Cong Zi Shun" and strongly opposed the embellished, eccentric and obscure "Shi Wen". He advocated a simple, methodical, smooth and natural style. His works have profound connotations, diverse forms, exquisite language, and rich emotional charm. Beauty and musicality. Many famous works, such as "The Drunkard's Pavilion" and "Ode to Autumn Sound", have been passed down through the ages.
Sansu
Su Xun, also known as Mingyun, also known as Laoquanmei. Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Che were collectively known as the "Three Sus". His prose is mainly about history and politics. He inherited the argumentative tradition of "Mencius" and Han Yu, and formed his own vigorous style. His language is clear and clear, and his reasoning is repeatedly analyzed. He has the color of a politician during the Warring States Period; sometimes it is unavoidable to be sophistical. Breath is its shortcoming. He is the author of "Jia Ji". Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zidan and Dongpo Jushi, was born in Meishan, Sichuan. A great writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Known as Su Dongpo in the world. Su Che (1039-1112), also known as Ziyou, also known as Tongshu, was born in Meishan, Sichuan. Under the influence of his father and brother, he had read extensively since childhood and had great ambitions. When Huizong of the Song Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he returned to the north after being pardoned. He lived in Yingchang, thanked guests behind closed doors, and devoted himself to writing. He lived a leisurely and lonely life for twelve years. Zhenghe died of illness in the second year of his reign at the age of seventy-four.
He is the author of "Luancheng Collection" and "Luancheng Hou Collection".
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), named Jiefu, was once named Duke of Jing, and later generations called him Wang Jinggong. A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). A famous politician, thinker and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the famous "Eight Great Masters of Tang Dynasty" in the history of Chinese prose. His prose is straightforward, concise, philosophical, powerful, powerful, sharp, and lively. He created and developed the concept of thorough reasoning, rigorous argumentation, thorough logic, clear expression, and integrating events and discussions. unique prose style.
Zeng Gong
Zeng Gong (1019-1083), courtesy name Zigu, was a native of Nanfeng County, Jianchang Army. He was an important backbone of the new ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty and one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Zeng Gong, who was "able to write at the age of twelve, and whose eloquence was astonishing," was a talented and intelligent man. As an adult, his literary talents were appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world at that time. Zeng Gong had strong Confucianism, advocated Taoism first and then literature, and attached great importance to the moral cultivation of writers. His scholarship and articles were well-known during his lifetime and became even more famous after his death. Zeng Gong has a lot of prose works, and he is especially good at discussions and notes. His argumentative essays are well-argued, without branches or branches, slow and tortuous, calm and honest; his writings are clear in thought, full of meaning, concise, vivid and thought-provoking.