The first people to enter people's sight are Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, two awesome people who wrote Thief Six. Ban Gu wrote Ode to an Epic, which was based on the story of a filial daughter Ti Ying who saved her father. It happened in the era of Emperor Wendi of China. Ti Ying went to Beijing alone to save his father, and suffered for him. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty felt that this woman was filial and abolished corporal punishment. Ban Gu praised Ti Ying for being better than others with a poem "Poetry and Fu", thus expressing his brilliant but not being reused. At that time, Ban Gu was dragged into prison. The words used in the whole poem are simple and straightforward, and seldom exaggerate feelings. Ban Gu was the earliest literati who wrote five-character poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He writes poems in the style of historians, and all of them are mainly narrative. Because he is good at Sao style and four-character poems, it is easier to write, but seven-character poems are not as good as Zhang Heng.
Zhang Heng followed closely and wrote a five-character poem "Simultaneous Songs", which described the love story and feelings for her husband in the tone of a newly married woman. This poem borrows the expression of folk songs and is full of feelings. His Four Sorrow is an improved poem in Sao style. The whole poem unfolds in different directions, expressing the return to beauty, but it can't meet beauty, so there is a sense of sadness. This poem has political sustenance and is the first sound of seven-character poems in later generations. Zhang Heng's five-character poems and seven-character poems are better than Ban Gu's in skills. Ban Gu developed along the simplicity of Yuefu poems, while Zhang Heng moved towards the beauty of Li Lihua. Since Zhang Heng, the five or seven words in the Eastern Han Dynasty have formed the wind of book review.
Qin Jia's five-character poem is a mature lyric poem of literati in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His three poems about women describe his three emotional experiences with his wife Xu Xun. Because they are very real, very touching, very touching and make people feel alive.
By the time of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, the five-character poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty had a new development. They use poetry to express their complaints and shouts, and criticize the reality violently. Li Yan, Zhao Yi and Cai Yong are the representatives.
Li Yan has two poems that express the feeling of lack of talents. The two poems use metaphors and symbols to express their lofty wishes. Zhao Yi's previous Poems about Illness and Stabbing the World is the representative of lyric poetry. At the end of this poem, he used two poems about illness to express his disappointment in the Eastern Han Dynasty and his resentment against his lack of talent, which was the strongest among all poets. Cai Yong's "Kingfisher Poetry" has the mentality of avoiding harm in troubled times, which is related to his own experience and reflects the fear of scholars in troubled times. These poets at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty no longer had the calm narrative and lyrical mentality of Ban and Zhang, but developed in the direction of resistance and criticism.
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a masterpiece of ancient poetry at the end of Han Dynasty, which has been highly praised by literary critics in past dynasties. Liu Xie wrote in "Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi": "Looking at its structural prose, it is straight but not wild, and it is the highest in five-character poetry." Later writers consciously borrowed their artistic styles and creative techniques, such as Cao Zhi, Lu Ji, Tao Yuanming, Bao Zhao and others.
Nineteen Ancient Poems were mostly written by scholars in the Han Dynasty, but the authors did not leave their names. His style is close to that of some writers, but there is no fact that they did it. The author is not a person, so it is not important to consider its author. What matters is its content. The whole poem is divided into two aspects: wandering homesickness and thinking about women. Poets who have been away from home alone for a long time can't help but miss their hometown, and then miss their wives at home, so they turn this feeling into poetry and write rich feelings and sincere feelings.
"crossing the river to pick hibiscus" wrote: "I am bent on leaving home and worried about death." "Bright Moon in the Sky" wrote: "Although guests are happy, it is better to turn back early." These two capitals show the feeling that travelers can't go home and miss their wives. Most of the authors of ancient poetry are children who travel around the country. They have the desire to seek an official position in a foreign land, and they also write this feeling into their poems. "Go back to the car and congratulate Yan Mai" wrote: "There are differences in ups and downs, so it is not difficult to get up early." However, the chances of their official tour success are very low, and it is inevitable that they will be a little more depressed. "Driving to the East Gate" wrote: "It is better to drink good wine and dress luxuriously." You can only kill your life with wine. As for thinking about women's mentality, the wanderer wrote these poems to try to figure out women's mentality. In "Walking and Walking Again", he wrote: "Thinking of the monarch makes people old, and the years are getting late. Don't give up donations and try to add meals. " Express the sadness of missing with a woman's mouth.
These works also reveal a certain philosophy of life. Regarding the relationship between eternity and finiteness, "As far as cars are concerned" wrote: "Life is not a stone, how can we live a long life?" Contrast the brevity of life with stones; In the relationship between people's mentality and life cycle, there are two poems that express the concept that "a gentleman's thinking makes people old"; In the relationship between melancholy and happiness, happiness and sadness are often intertwined. There is a saying in "I can't be born 100": "If I can't be born 100, I will always worry that I am one thousand years older. How can you stay here if you eat, drink and be merry in time? " This is a free and easy life concept; In the relationship between coming and going, the phrase "going to Japan is sparse, and the future is near" shows the warmth and coldness of human society. People who have left have gradually forgotten and are still very close to each other. It's not forgetting, it's human nature.
Nineteen Ancient Poems is a model of ancient lyric poetry. It is good at expressing emotions, but it is euphemistic. "Picking hibiscus on the river" wrote: "Whoever chooses to stay will be in Philip Burkart." "There are loquat trees in the court" wrote: "Climb the fence and fold its glory, leaving you thinking. The incense is full of sleeves, and the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is awkward. " Both poems are wandering in the distance, thinking about women without thinking, and expressing their lovesickness through flowers. There are also some brushstrokes in Nineteen Ancient Poems, such as When is the Bright Moon? "When is the Bright Moon?". I can't sleep because of sadness. " There is also: "Altair, Hehan female. ..... I can't even think about it all day, crying like rain. " These all reflect the feelings and scenery, and reach the artistic realm of the unity of things and me. Some French scholars commented: "One of the charms of Nineteen Ancient Poems is the vividness of the story. Inspired by Yuefu, it left a deep impression on us with its unpretentious style. No matter how vivid the scenery is, it is just an expression of feelings ... ".
In terms of language, Zhong Rong's poem called him: "thrilling, it can be said that it is almost a word." There are no particularly difficult sentences in Nineteen Ancient Poems. They all tell the truth in the clearest and most fluent language. Many famous aphorisms in the poem contain profound philosophy, like young wine, which is faint but has unique charm.
The literature of 19 ancient poems from the Han Dynasty has basically come to an end, followed by Cao Shi's third son, Jian 'an style, swaying and waving to us.