The general process of literature method includes five basic links, namely, putting forward topics or assumptions, researching and designing, collecting literature, sorting out literature and summarizing literature.
The thesis or hypothesis of literature method refers to the idea of analyzing, sorting out or reclassifying relevant literature according to existing theories, facts and needs.
First of all, research objectives should be established in research design. The research goal is to design a topic or hypothesis into a specific, operable and repeatable literature research activity by using operational definitions, which can solve special problems and has certain significance.
Channels for collecting documents
There are many channels to collect research documents, and different types of documents require different channels. The main channels for collecting educational and scientific research documents are: libraries, archives, museums, social, scientific and educational institutions or institutions, academic conferences, personal contacts and the Internet.
Methods of collecting documents
There are two main ways to collect research literature: search tools and references. The search method of retrieval tools refers to the use of ready-made (or existing) retrieval tools to find documents. The ready-made tools can be divided into manual retrieval tools and computer retrieval tools. Manual retrieval tools mainly include catalog cards, catalog indexes and abstracts. Reference retrieval method, also known as retrospective retrieval method, is to track and retrieve related documents according to the list of references listed at the end of the author's articles and books. Accumulating files is another form of collecting files. Each research topic needs to collect and accumulate certain documents, and the research process of each topic is also the process of accumulating new documents. First of all, the content of literature accumulation should be enriched and enriched. Secondly, the accumulated literature should have a clear direction. That is, it is related to the research objectives or subject assumptions. Third, the accumulated literature should be comprehensive. The so-called comprehensiveness requires researchers not only to collect all the documents involved in the subject, but also to pay attention to the documents recorded, described or evaluated by different people or from different angles on the same aspect of the problem. It is necessary to collect not only documents with the same views, but also documents with different or even opposite views. In particular, it is necessary to prevent researchers' own opinions or assumptions from affecting the accumulation direction, and not to easily deny or unconsciously ignore materials that are contrary to their own opinions.
The general process of accumulating documents
Generally speaking, the accumulation of literature can start with those materials that are nearby and easy to find, and then according to the needs of research, look for those materials that are scattered everywhere and difficult to get. Accumulating documents is a long process. In order to make the whole process more effective, it can be divided into several stages according to the actual situation. At each stage, the documents accumulated at hand are sorted to improve the direction and efficiency of collecting documents in the next stage. In addition, we can also use the retrieval means of modern educational information system to quickly find and obtain the required documents and materials in an environment with corresponding conditions. Accumulate documents, not only after having specific research tasks, but more importantly, always pay attention to accumulate and collect all kinds of documents, form habits and persevere.
The method of accumulating literature
By making cards, writing reading summaries, taking notes, etc. We can focus on the part of the literature related to our research topic. Commonly used cards are catalog cards, content summary cards and summary cards. Writing reading notes and reading notes is not only a method of accumulating documents, but also a method of making documents in a sense. Because reading notes and notes permeate the thinking activities of more producers, they are sometimes part of second-hand documents and sometimes "semi-finished products" formed in the process of creating new first-hand documents. Reading notes take literary points as their task. Because it is not limited by space, it is much more detailed than the card summary. When reading some valuable documents, or some materials that are enlightening to the main viewpoints and overall structure, researchers can take notes on their main viewpoints and structural framework by reading. Generally speaking, the focus of notes is "notes" rather than "evaluation". Unlike taking notes, the focus of reading notes is "comment". There are general comments, sub-chapter comments and key selection comments. A well-written reading note, that is, a reading note that can put forward new ideas and new ideas, is itself a scientific research achievement.