The formation and development of Longgang printing industry is a successful practice of industrial cluster theory.
In the middle and late 1980s, under the slogan of "encouraging farmers to bring capital into the city to open factories and shops", Longgang spontaneously formed a gathering of population, economy, culture and other aspects. During the formation and development of long gang zhen, the printing economy born under the authentic Wenzhou economic model also developed rapidly in Longgang. Since the 1990s, although there has been an embarrassing situation of "small horse-drawn carts" in Longgang, the printing industry in Longgang has been further developed under the favorable policies of national reform and opening up and the unique "new things are uncontroversial" environment of Wenzhou model. Moreover, because of Longgang's good geographical location and the reputation of "China's first agricultural trade city", it has attracted economic talents from six surrounding provinces, cities and counties, which has greatly promoted the economic development and urbanization process of Longgang. Especially with the prominent position of Longgang central town, large printing enterprises in the county have moved to Longgang. According to statistics, the output value of printing industry in long gang zhen in 197 has reached1500 million yuan, accounting for more than 45% of the output value of printing industry in the county. 198, there were 16 in long gang zhen, which were listed as key printing enterprises in the county, and only 6 in other towns and villages. Therefore, at that time, Longgang printing industry can be said to have formed a cluster economy and completed an important step of industrial cluster.
However, while the printing industry in Longgang has been further developed, due to its obvious spontaneity, the printing economy in Longgang has almost all the characteristics of the spontaneous private economy in the early stage of market economy: some enterprises have completed the original accumulation, continuously improved their technology and management level, and become large enterprises with strong foundations; And nearly half of the enterprises still stay in the "family workshop" business model. These "family workshops" are small in scale, low in grade, scattered and even hidden, which leads to the daily dynamic management of government departments out of control. In this case, some enterprises are suitable for being used by manufacturers of fake and shoddy products because of irregular management, and unconsciously become "birds of a feather"; There are also some illegal enterprises with uneven licenses. Business owners forget profits and justice, ignore market rules and laws and regulations, and deliberately make false profits. In May, 2006,5438+0, with the deepening of the work of rectifying and standardizing the market economic order in China, the counterfeiting problem in Cangnan County, especially in Longgang, attracted the attention of central leaders such as The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), Vice Premier Li Lanqing of the State Council and State Councilor Wu Yi. On May 27th and 28th, experts from AQSIQ, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Press and Publication, CCTV and the national printing industry * *1/rushed to Cangnan. The investigation team found that the road in front of long gang zhen is less than 1 km long, but there are more than 100 small shops related to printing, and many counterfeit printed matter and packaging materials flowing to the whole country are circulated through such small shops. Two days later, on May 29th, an investigation report on the manufacture and sale of fake certificates and trademarks in Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province was presented to the desk of the central leadership. Li Lanqing, Vice Premier of the State Council, and others gave instructions: To eliminate fake and shoddy products, we must start from the source and vigorously rectify printing enterprises that print trademarks, logos and packaging, so that fake and shoddy products can hardly be mixed into the market in disguise. According to the instructions, relevant departments of the State Council and Wenzhou City of Zhejiang Province listed Cangnan County, especially Longgang Town, as the key areas for special rectification. This rectification is real. Before the rectification, there were 809 printing enterprises in Longgang. After the rectification, 427 printing enterprises in Longgang alone reissued their licenses. So far, with the reduction of the number and the implementation of supporting measures, long gang zhen has truly achieved the goal of "compressing the total amount and optimizing the structure". For example, during the renovation, the capital investment in purchasing large-scale printing equipment in the whole town reached more than 300 million yuan, which improved the industrial level; The system requires enterprises to strictly implement four systems, such as printing trademarks and five systems of printing registration, so as to make the operation of enterprises more standardized. It is this real rectification that makes Longgang people really realize the importance of reputation of honesty and quality to a city, and makes Longgang's printing industry better embark on the road of healthy development.
In the second year after the rectification, on April 1 day, 2002, Cangnan County forwarded a request report to Wenzhou Municipal People's Government about "awarding Longgang China Packaging and Printing Base", and thought that after this stage of centralized rectification, Cangnan printing industry began to embark on the road of "structural optimization, standardized management, orderly competition, first-class technical level and formation of regional brand characteristics". On May 26th, Wenzhou submitted a report to China Printing Technology Association, requesting "awarding Longgang China Packaging and Printing Base". On September 24th, 2002, after many inspections, China Printing Technology Association officially awarded Wenzhou City and Longgang Town the golden business card of "China Printing City", which is the best illustration of the achievements made in the special rectification of printing industry with Longgang as the focus in Cangnan County.
It can be said that since the reform and opening up 20 years ago, Longgang has been taking economic development as the main line. With the development of market economy, the industrial structure is constantly adjusted and optimized, making printing, gifts and other high-tech industries become the pillar industries of Longgang. In order to improve the overall competitiveness of Longgang printing industry and maintain its new development advantages, the long gang zhen Municipal Government began to plan and construct an industrial park on 1998. Longgang Printing Demonstration Industrial Park, a provincial characteristic industrial park with an area of 1000 mu, has completed the first phase of the project, and 19 printing enterprises have entered the park and put into production. After these enterprises settled in the industrial park, they upgraded their production equipment through technical transformation, introduced contemporary international advanced printing equipment such as Heidelberg in Germany and Komori in Japan, and domestic outstanding management talents, so that the printing industry in Longgang reached a higher level. In 2002, the added output value of the park was 900 million yuan and the tax revenue was more than 50 million yuan. At present, the second phase of the project has started construction. In addition, Chengdong Industrial Park, which is listed as one of the seven industrial parks in Wenzhou, also started construction at the end of 20001. The total planned land area of this industrial park is10.5 million mu. The whole park is implemented in three stages: the first stage is the start-up stage, with a land area of 3,000 mu and a total investment of 4.5 billion yuan. The second stage is development, with a land area of 4,500 mu and a total investment of 6 billion yuan. The third stage is the target stage, with a land area of 7500 mu and a total investment of 654.38+000 billion yuan. At present, 49 investment projects in the first and second phases of the park have been approved, with a total investment of 865.438 billion yuan and 950 mu of land. The simple road network planned for the first and second phases of the park has been completed, and the design schemes of farmers' land acquisition compensation, some houses demolition, roads, drainage and bridges in the park have all passed the joint examination. At the end of 2002, long gang zhen made persistent efforts to plan and build the second phase of the printing demonstration park covering an area of more than 280 mu in the golden section of Jinlong Avenue with preferential land price, and introduced printing raw material manufacturers such as BOPP, BOPA and BOPET through attracting investment, which extended the printing industry chain, continuously reduced the production cost of Longgang printing industry and made Longgang printing industry more competitive. At present, Longgang is planning to build a printing demonstration industrial park covering an area of 330 mu and a Xinya printing industrial park covering an area of more than 500 mu, hoping to further expand the printing industry in Longgang through this move.
In a word, the development of Longgang printing industry is a process of constantly conforming to the trend of the times and constantly pioneering and enterprising, and it is also a successful practice of industrial cluster theory in Longgang. Recently, long gang zhen formulated and planned an overall publicity plan to promote printing to the whole country, and publicized the overall industry image of "one-stop printing and one-stop packaging" to the whole country, focusing on the grand goal of building "China printing and packaging city" and working hard for Longgang printing industry to finally go global.
Reflections on the grim situation and problems faced by Longgang printing industry at present
According to economics, industrial cluster is a high-density gathering of enterprises producing a certain product in a certain area. It includes several similar enterprises, upstream and downstream enterprises supporting these enterprises and related service industries. Generally speaking, industrial clusters have the characteristics of close geographical location, complete industrial chain, relatively concentrated industrial fields, sufficient number of enterprises, fierce internal competition and extensive vertical cooperation. The "high efficiency" of industrial clusters is as follows: first, it is conducive to the deep division of labor and the improvement of core competitiveness of enterprises. In industrial clusters, enterprises will concentrate all their funds and energy to make this the best, to make this the lowest price and the best quality, and to build the core competitiveness of enterprises. In the process of gathering, Longgang printing industry has continuously refined the industrial division of labor and extended the industrial chain through market regulation. At the same time, a number of enterprises with core competitiveness have emerged, such as Xinya, Shuguang and Fukang. Second, it is conducive to innovation. Because of the existence of learning effect and competition effect, the industrial cluster of printing industry can make Longgang develop from the comparative advantage based on resource endowment to the competitive advantage based on regional innovation ability, which greatly accelerates the pace of technological innovation of enterprises. Third, it is conducive to the creation of regional brands. Just as products with great brand influence can get more consumers, regions with great brand influence can attract more dealers, suppliers, investors and all kinds of talents. The golden business card of "China Printing City" is conducive to the competition of Longgang printing products in domestic and foreign markets. The formation of Longgang printing industry and folklore exhibition fully show that the effect brought by printing industry cluster is huge, and it is this agglomeration effect that makes Longgang one of the three major printing bases in China.
However, with the importance of printing as a "sunrise industry" in all parts of the country and the problems faced by Longgang printing industry in its development, at present, we should have more sense of urgency and crisis for the survival and development of Longgang printing industry:
1. The printing industrial parks established all over the country have brought great pressure to Longgang printing industry. In recent years, the printing industry has been vigorously promoted and guided by local governments as a "sunrise industry". In this context, all localities have developed the printing industry through "enclosure, garden construction and enterprise recruitment". In order to meet the needs of modern urban economic development, printing industry has been listed as a key supporting industry in large and medium-sized cities such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Beijing and Tianjin. According to the average growth rate of national economic development, it is predicted that the annual growth rate of domestic printing industry will be no less than 10% ~ 15% in the next 5 ~/0 years. The outstanding performance is that industrial parks in the printing industry have mushroomed. For example, Beijing Printing Industrial Park settled in Shunyi, and the first phase developed 2000 mu; Shanghai will become an international packaging and printing city with a total area of 600 mu; Yunnan invested 60 million yuan to build a garden-style printing boutique base; Shandong Weihai Printing Industrial Park covers an area of 400 mu; Changsha Printing Industrial Park with a total investment of 2 billion yuan is located in Huanghua, covering an area of 1 10,000 mu. Shenyang invested in the construction of the largest packaging and printing base in Northeast China, with an investment of 3 billion yuan, covering an area of 1.300 mu and a total construction area of 500,000 square meters. The first phase of the project started in June 2003. After the base is completed, it will integrate science and education, commerce and trade, industrial production and processing, warehousing and logistics, production and life, and comprehensive support. This almost rushing headlong into action is a heavy pressure on Longgang printing industry, which mainly relies on the domestic market to carry out its business, and its influence is huge and far-reaching.
2. The relatively poor economic development environment will seriously restrict the further development of Longgang printing industry. Printing industry is the main processing and service industry of national economy, and also the main component of culture, which undertakes the important mission of building, spreading and developing advanced culture. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of printing industry in a reasonable and orderly manner. But what is really terrible is that many departments and units in Longgang, such as local tax, national tax, industry and commerce, cultural news, technical supervision, public security, economy and trade, environmental protection, labor, fire protection, safety supervision, sanitation, printing rectification office, town government and so on, can inspect and manage printing enterprises, and repeated inspection and inspection of crashes often occur. One department just left and another department came back, which added a lot of pressure to the enterprise. In addition, most inspections are often aimed at fines. Frequent inspections and fines not only cause economic losses to enterprises, but also seriously affect the normal production of enterprises, thus making many enterprises uneasy to set up factories in Cangnan. In addition, the bottleneck problems such as power and land shortage also seriously restrict the further development of Longgang printing industry.
3. The problems existing in the enterprise itself have also seriously restricted the further development of Longgang printing industry. Longgang's printing industry is still a "low, small and scattered" enterprise. The enterprise itself has no workshop or rents a small workshop for production. Therefore, it is easy to cause these enterprises to produce only for the existing business and lack the planning for the development prospects of the enterprises. Moreover, in order to grab business, such enterprises often compete viciously with their peers, competing with each other to lower prices, leading to the emergence of shoddy or even shoddy products. At the same time, many enterprises have poor ability to develop new products, do not have their own brand products, do not pay attention to scientific research investment, and their production technology and equipment are relatively backward. Especially in the current background of difficult bank loans, these enterprises have no incentive to update and upgrade existing equipment, resulting in low product grade. In addition, except for some large-scale enterprises, most enterprises in Longgang do not pay much attention to the introduction of professional and technical talents and management talents because of their small scale and lack of funds, nor do they have a long-term vision to better train the skills of many laborers obtained through low prices, so that these existing employees can be better qualified for their current jobs and better serve the development of enterprises.