I got along well with the guests and had a candle with Fang and his cousin Li. Suddenly I heard thunder, coming from the southeast and heading northwest.
Many people are horrified and don't understand why. In Russia, several boxes were rickety and the glass was knocked over; The beams and rafters are staggered.
Take care of each other. After a long time, we know that earthquakes and diseases often appear.
Look at pavilions, servants rise again; The sound of walls falling down and houses falling down, and the voice of children chanting women's names are as loud as boiling. People are dizzy and can't stand up, sitting on the ground and sideways.
The river overflowed and ducks barked and dogs barked all over the city. It will be decided after a while.
Depending on the street, men and women get together naked, competing to tell each other and forgetting that they are naked. I heard that a well is inclined, so don't draw it. A building can easily move from north to south; Qixia mountain crack; A water cave, a few acres wide.
This is really weird. There are men and women in the city who drown at night, and the wolf holds the child, and the woman is anxious to compete with the wolf.
The wolf's cheeks were relieved, and the woman carried the child out on her back. Wolves can't squat
The woman is tuba, the neighbors are scrambling to gather, and the wolf is gone. The woman was stunned, pointing to the sky and drawing the ground, saying that the wolf bit the child and took the child away.
For a long time, I suddenly realized that I didn't run an inch. This is the same as men and women who forget each other during the earthquake.
It's ridiculous that people are in a hurry, ghosts cry and Xie Qian changes, and officials are thieves' caves. Wang Xue built seven houses and stole many people.
When the city broke out, it swept away a group of ugliness, with corpses everywhere and rivers of blood. Go into the city, carry the body and wash the blood and live.
Often it is a ghost during the day; At night, phosphorus is flying under the bed and ghosts are crying in the corner. At ten o'clock in the evening of June 17th, the seventh year of Kangxi, a great earthquake happened.
I'm a guest under the millet, and I'm drinking with my cousin Li under the candle. Suddenly I heard a thunderous sound coming from the southeast and northwest. Everyone was surprised and wondered what was going on. Soon the table shook, the glass fell, and the beams and columns of the house cracked.
Everyone looked at each other and their faces changed greatly. It was a long time before I realized it was an earthquake and rushed out of the door.
I saw the high-rise bungalow outside fall backwards, and the sound of people dying when the wall fell was intertwined with the crying of children and the wailing of women, and it was as noisy as boiling water. People are dizzy and unstable, and servants sit on the ground and roll with the bumps on the ground.
The river rose more than ten feet, and the crows of chickens and dogs spread all over the city. It took about an hour to settle down a little.
Look at the street again. Men and women are naked together, can't talk, and forget that they are naked. Later, I heard that the well in a certain place was distorted by the earthquake and could not pump water; The balcony of the house has changed in the whole direction; Qixia Mountain cracked; There is a big hole in Yishui, which is several acres big.
This is really an extraordinary disaster.
2. What's the difference between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese? In short, classical Chinese is a kind of written language in China, which mainly includes the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Commonly known as "yes." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Compared with classical Chinese, vernacular Chinese is an article written in vernacular Chinese, which is also called stylistic writing. The formal style in ancient times was classical Chinese. In ancient times, before the Eastern Han Dynasty, bamboo slips and silks were used. Because the file carrier inevitably requires concise writing. writings in the vernacular
Papermaking was invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty. With the technical progress and the invention of movable type printing in Song Dynasty, all these laid a material foundation for the emergence of vernacular Chinese.
I feel that classical Chinese is compact and difficult to understand compared with modern languages, but the word capacity is high, and a word often contains a lot of content. The vernacular language is relatively easy to understand and the content is simple.
3. A short story about commitment, preferably in classical Chinese, short story or short vernacular. Ouyang Xiu studied the original text hard. Ouyang Gong is four years old and lonely. His family is poor and has no money.
Mrs. Tai painted the ground with a shovel and taught it with calligraphy. Recite many ancient chapters.
And it's a little longer, and there are no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from scholars or copied them. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service.
Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood. Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family is poor and has no money to study.
The wife wrote on the beach with a reed pole and taught him to write. And taught him to read many ancient chapters.
When I am old and have no books to read at home, I go to a nearby reader's house to borrow books, and sometimes I copy them. In this way, day and night, sleepless, just concentrate on reading.
Poems and essays written since childhood are written at the level of adults, so high. Guan Ning gave up hoeing vegetables in Guan Ning and Huaxin Garden. He saw a piece of gold, and the hoe was the same as a tile stone. He grabbed it and threw it away.
I also tasted the taste of reading at the same table. Some people who pass by the porch door would rather read books and waste books as before. They would rather sit at the table and say, "My son is not my friend!" " Ning Guan and Huaxin are digging vegetables and weeding together in the garden. Suddenly, they saw a piece of gold on the ground.
Guan Ning waved a hoe and treated gold and rubble the same. Huaxin picked up the gold, looked at it and threw it away.
On another occasion, Guan Ning and Hua Xin were sitting on the mat reading a book, and a man wearing a coronation passed by. Guan Ning was still reading, and Huaxin threw a book and ran out to read it. Guan Ning cut open the mat and sat apart from Hua Xin, saying, "You are not my friend."
First of all, Yan said: Ying people left a letter with a face, and the night fire was unknown, because the candle man said, "Raise the candle!" " "And this book" Holding a Candle "is wrong.
Holding a candle is not a book. After receiving the book, Yan said, "Those who hold candles are still bright, and those who are still bright will hold them."
Yan Wang, Wang Dayue, under the jurisdiction of the state. Governance is governance, not the meaning of the book! Most scholars in this world are like this.
In ancient times, a man wrote a letter from the capital of Chu to the prime minister of Yan. This letter was written in the evening.
When writing a letter, the candlelight was not very bright, so the man said to the servant holding the candle next to him, "Hold up the candle." (Hold the candle higher) However, because he was absorbed in writing a letter, he said that he was holding the candle, and he casually wrote the word "holding the candle" in the letter.
After receiving the letter, Xiang Yan saw the word "holding a candle" in the letter, pondered for a long time, and said smartly that the word "holding a candle" was wonderful. Holding a candle is to advocate an aboveboard policy; To promote a bright future, it is necessary to recommend talents to take on heavy responsibilities.
Xiang Yan told the prince this letter and his understanding, and the prince was very happy. Strictly according to the understanding of "holding a candle", select talents to govern the country. Yan state is really well managed.
The country is well governed, but there is no intention of writing letters at all. Now most scholars are like this (taken out of context, attached).
Second, Zi Hanfu collects jade. Song people may get jade, but rarely.
Zi Han is suffering. The person who sent the jade said, "I want to show it to the jade people, who think it is precious, so they dare to send it."
Zi Han said: "What I value is not greed; I regard jade as a treasure. If I cherish jade with me, I will lose my treasure. If people have their treasure. " He bowed his head and said to me, "I am a villain and I can't cross the country, so I beg for death."
The son is rarely put in it, so that Yumin can attack it and recover after making a fortune. A man in the State of Song got a piece of jade and gave it to Zi Han, a powerful official.
Zi Han has not been affected. The person who offered the jade said, "Show it to the master who made the jade and say it is a treasure before you dare to offer it."
Zi Han said: "Your baby is this jade, and mine is' not greedy'; If I accept your jade, won't you and my treasure be gone? Everyone still keeps their own baby! " Hearing this, the man knelt down and kowtowed and said, "It is really unsafe for me, a small common people, to hide such a precious treasure. For my own safety, I dedicate it to you! " So Zi Han found a place in the city to let him stay, introduced a company that processed and bought jade to help him polish it, sold it at a good price, and then let him go home with money as a boss. Third, workers are good at playing the piano.
At the end of Wanli, Zhan Maoju defended Yingzhou. I called a carpenter.
Zhan plays the piano, works outdoors, corrects his head and draws his fingers. If he talks about his goodness, he won't listen. Call and ask, "Pretty good?" Said, "Of course."
Let it play, that is, bow before the drum, wonderful. Zhan Da was amazed. He said to himself, "My home is outside Xiguo. I always have to worry when I go to see an old man who goes to town with a trade salary. Please watch it.
I was very happy when I heard the bomb, so I learned a lesson from it. Zhan gave him the gold, but he didn't accept it. He said: "someone is a cheap worker, he is just a straight worker."
He also said, "Gong Qin is made of inferior materials, and the works have Qin, which was entrusted by the old man and is now dedicated to Gong." Guo ye.
Jenny learned unexpectedly, which is beyond the reach of a pianist. During the Wanli period, Zhan Maoju served as the magistrate of Yingzhou.
I once called a carpenter. Zhan is playing the piano, and the carpenter is standing outside the window, looking up and pointing, as if evaluating the quality.
Call him and ask him, "Do you play the piano well?" The carpenter answered "Yes". Let him play. The carpenter played the song that Zhan Maoju just played. It was very nice.
Zhan was surprised and asked where he learned it. The carpenter replied, "My home is outside the western suburbs. When I see an old man go to town to sell firewood, he always puts the piano in his pocket and hangs it on his shoulder, so please let me have a look.
I'm glad to hear him play, so I learn from him. Zhan gave him money, but he didn't want it, saying, "I, a poor carpenter, just want my work reward." "
He also said, "Your piano is inferior. I have a piano, which was given by the old man. Now I'll give it to you. " This is really a good piano.
Zhan Maoju studied piano with carpenters. After learning, no one could match him at that time. Go into town with a pole. Those who enter the city gate with a long pole will stand upright at first, but they can't get in horizontally, and they can't get in either. There is nothing to do.
An old Russian father said: "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things." Why don't you use a saw to go in? " So I cut it off. There was a man in the state of Lu who walked into the city gate with a long pole. At first he stood up and held it, but he couldn't get into the gate. He came and hugged, but he couldn't get into the gate. I really can't think of a way.
After a while, an old man came and said, "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things." Why not use a saw to cut off the long pole and enter the city gate? " So the Lu people listened to the old man's method and cut off the long pole. Zheng people buy shoes to buy shoes. People with shoes should sit on their feet first. When they arrived in the city, they forgot to do it. They have done it, but they said, "I forgot to insist."
Two children argued that Japanese classical Chinese was translated into vernacular (short story). When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children quarreling and asked them why they quarreled.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far away from people at noon."
Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it just rises, and it is closer to people at noon.
A child said, "The sun was as big as the hood of a car when it first came out, and it was as small as a plate at noon. Isn't this the truth of being far small and near big? "
Another child said, "It was cold when the sun first came out, and it was as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? "
Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.
The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who says you have much wisdom?"
5. Is there any way to translate ancient Chinese into vernacular Chinese? I am studying ancient Chinese now. Who has the heart to know some secrets: faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance, separation, change, adjustment, introduction, addition and deletion? The word "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" that the teacher wants to teach is the requirement of translating classical Chinese. "Faith" means being faithful to the original text and not distorting the original intention. It is not allowed to increase or decrease at will, and branches and leaves are added. More can't follow one's inclinations, throw away the original text and fabricate it out of thin air. "Da" means fluency, which means to make the sentence perfect and keep the tone of the original text; We should also avoid the rigidity of sentences. "Elegance" means to conform to the norms of modern Chinese, and the written sentences should be vivid, beautiful, concise and smooth. In short, the translation of classical Chinese requires the accurate and smooth expression of the original content in standardized modern Chinese. "Leave, change, tune, quote, add and delete" is the basic method of classical Chinese translation. Because of the different meanings and grammars in ancient and modern times, the translation of classical Chinese should adopt corresponding methods according to the different situations of sentences and the function words and content words that make up sentences. 1. Keep the words in the original text, where there are ancient special nouns with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, such as word, name, place name, title, country name, official position, year number, posthumous title, weights and measures, etc. If it is not suitable to change them in the process of translation, the original words should be kept. For example, there are no donkeys in Guizhou, but there are good people on board. There has never been a donkey. A nosy man went there by boat with a donkey. The meanings of "donkey" and "boat" are exactly the same in ancient and modern times, and the original meaning cannot be changed in translation. In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Fujitsu was demoted to guarding Baling County. (Yueyang Tower)-In the spring of Yingli four years, Fujitsu was demoted to Baling County Order. Just copy it into the translation. In addition, there are many idioms in classical Chinese, which are often used in modern Chinese, such as "cutting through thorns", "changeable weather" and "close call". Most people can understand it without translation, but it looks fluent. Second, replace the text. The meanings expressed by many words in classical Chinese are still useful now, but modern Chinese is no longer expressed by the original words. Use other words instead. In translation, words with equivalent meanings in modern Chinese should be replaced. For example, in the spring of ten years, Qi attacked me. (Cao Gui's Argument)-In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our country, Lu. In this sentence, "division" and "attack" should be changed to "army" and "attack". Also, the same word. Instead, it should be replaced by words equivalent to classical Chinese in modern Chinese to avoid misunderstanding. For example, we should lead our wife and family to this desperate place (Peach Blossom Garden)-lead our wife, children and fellow villagers to this isolated place. The ancient and modern meanings of "wife" and "desperate" are very different, so we can't apply the present meaning to understand them. You are not kind. You are so clever. Why are you fighting? (Cao Gui debate) (prepositional object)-What do you fight for? He is also from Yangzhou. ("On") (adverbial postposition)-Going home from Yangzhou. Fourth, introduce the meaning. Polysemy is very common in classical Chinese, and often a word can have two or more meanings. These meanings are not generated out of thin air, but derived, expanded and extended from the original meaning, so you can choose words suitable for the original context to translate. For example, the original meaning of "system" is manufacturing, which is extended to rules and regulations, and then to scale. Choose their extended meanings when translating. 5. Add words or sentence elements. When translating classical Chinese, words or sentence elements need to be added in the following situations. 1. There are many monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, so monosyllabic words in classical Chinese should be used as a supplement to the corresponding disyllabic words in modern Chinese when translating. Such as husband and country. There is something hidden in fear. (Cao Gui Debate)-It's hard to speculate on the reality of great powers. I'm afraid they will be ambushed by military forces. "Test", "fear" and "fear" are monosyllabic words, which should be translated into two-syllable words "speculation" (or "guess"), "fear" and "ambush". A table, a chair, a fan and a ruler are all these. (ventriloquist)-The ventriloquist is sitting in a curtain, in which there is only a table, a chair, a paper fan and a piece of wood. 3. The omission of sentence planning function powder is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese. Translation should be faithful to the original text and make necessary supplements according to the grammatical requirements and expression needs of modern Chinese. People in the village were surprised when they saw the fisherman, because he answered us in detail where he came from. The original text omits two subjects and an object, and the meaning is understood when translated. According to modern Chinese, in some sentences, it is difficult to say which words or sentence elements are omitted, just for the sake of contextual coherence. For example, in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Wu Lingren made a living by fishing. He walked along the stream and forgot the distance of the road ... (Peach Blossom Garden)-In the first year of the Jin Dynasty, there was Wu Lingren, which was a fishing industry. (One day), he walked (rowed) along the river and forgot the distance of the road ... In modern Chinese, if there is no corresponding word, it can be deleted without translation. For example, Chen is from Yangcheng. (Chen She family)-The symbol of Bobby Chen is "..."