Chapter 22 Medical Affairs in Ming Dynasty

The medical system is mainly divided into four parts: central medical institutions, palace medical systems, local medical systems and non-governmental medical groups. The medical system in Ming Dynasty made specific provisions from the contents, methods and attitudes of academic research to the ideological quality, moral quality, ways of doing things and attitudes towards patients that doctors should have. Medical science in the Ming Dynasty was subordinate to the Ministry of Rites, and its organizational structure and official positions were generally following the old system of Song and Yuan Dynasties, with some gains and losses, and the medical system in different periods also changed. This paper mainly introduces the central medical institutions and court medical system in Ming Dynasty. & gt& gt I. Central medical institutions >> In Ming Dynasty, Tai Hospital was divided into Nanjing and Beijing. Both Jingtai hospitals have biological medicine storerooms, with 1 ambassador and 1 deputy ambassador in charge of medicines. Every year, medicinal materials are sent from the place of origin and classified according to their quality, processing and drying degree. The examination shall be put into the warehouse by the physician and pharmacy of Taichi Hospital, and the registration shall be issued in duplicate by the department of rites, one for the record of Taichi Hospital and the other for future reference. & gt& gt Imperial Hospital in Ming Dynasty is divided into 13 departments, namely, pulse, gynecology, typhoid fever, pulse, acupuncture, tongue and teeth, throat, eye, sore, bonesetting, Angkor, You Zhu, * * *. Compared with 13 in Yuan Dynasty, the wind was changed to typhoid fever, and the golden sore was divided into golden cymbals and sores. & gt& gt The Imperial Physician of Neifu is on duty in the Imperial Pharmacy of Neifu twice a day to serve the emperor and concubines of Neigong. When the emperor went on patrol, the medical officers of Taiyuan Hospital accompanied him, providing health care services for the emperor, accompanying officials and guards along the way. & gt& gt All the pro-Wangfu, pro-Wangfu and the conference hall that receives foreign guests have medical officers. When they encounter incurable diseases, they often seek medical help from Thai hospitals. It was stipulated in the Ming Dynasty that each palace could not directly ask the imperial hospital for medical treatment, but had to report to the emperor. After approval, Imperial Hospital sent medical officers or healers for diagnosis and treatment. The minister of civil and military affairs and the foreign chief were ill, and the Imperial Hospital sent someone to see them and repeated the treatment results. When the epidemic was discovered, Thai hospitals had the task of sending medical officers to the army, prisons, border crossings and other places for treatment. & gt& gt II. Palace Medical System >> In addition to the royal pharmacy serving the emperor, the court of Ming Dynasty also set up medical institutions specially serving the Crown Prince, concubines and Wang Fu. & gt& gt In the first year of Wu Dynasty (1364), a commercial bureau was set up, and the commercial seal was Zhengliupin. In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), the Imperial Palace set up the Imperial Doctor Bureau and the Imperial Doctor. The medical officer of Taiyuan Hospital appointed four doctors. The main task of the Royal Pharmacy is to supervise the production of royal bait, and at the same time manage the collection and custody of precious medicinal materials donated by various places. There is also a royal pharmacy, which is supervised by inspectors and supervisors. There are no places for medical officers, and they are responsible for baiting in two classes. The rank is similar to that of a medical officer in a hospital. & gt& gt In the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536), the Imperial Pharmacy Bureau was changed to Shengjitang, and the Imperial Pharmacy Bureau was set up, and the imperial doctors took turns to be on duty. In the third year (1575), Shengji Temple made a seal for the imperial medicine storehouse, which was collected by the eunuch of the prefect. At the end of the year, the medicinal materials and the remaining quantity will be collected, recorded and checked by the gift-giving department. & gt& gt In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the East Palace set up six games: Canon Seal, Canon Medicine, Canon Diet, Canon Clothes, Canon Soldiers and Canon Multiplication. The crown prince's medical care is in the charge of the crown prince. & gt& gt In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), there were six bureaus in the harem, Shang Shitong was in charge of medicine, and all posts were held by female officials. During the Yongle period (1403 ~ 1424) and thereafter, these positions were transferred to eunuchs. Queen & gt& gt and her husband were ill, and most of them were treated by medical staff in the hospital. There is an easy hall in the harem, which is specially designed for the empresses to recuperate; Intrauterine pregnancy has a moon ovary. There are medical officers and healers in the harem, as well as a stable girl, a nursing girl and a doctor. & gt& gt In the Ming Dynasty, all the palaces had good doctor's offices, which were responsible for medical care. Hongwu four years (137 1 year), there were 1 good doctors, 65438 good doctors and a number of longevity officers, all of whom were recommended by Tai Hospital and appointed by the official department. Lv Wang, an outstanding doctor, was once a good doctor in Wang Fu. & gt& gt The Apocalypse is a very different emperor. After most people became emperors, under totalitarianism, money and beauty were extravagant, and life and death were taken away. But Lord Apocalypse, no, he only likes carpentry. If an emperor puts all his thoughts on a pile of wood, others will stand up and take over his duties, or powers. & gt& gt This man's name is Wei Zhongxian. & gt& gt Excellent culture >> Feel the wisdom of the Millennium >> The most awesome eunuch in the history of China belongs to Wei, the father-in-law of the apocalypse. The eunuch claimed to be nine thousand years old. Some shameless sycophants even built a shrine for Wei Zhongxian, and several even more shameless people actually demanded that the eunuch who had not read much be enshrined. If this is a historical tragedy, it would be too vulgar; If this is a historical farce, there are countless loyal bones and blood. This is really an ugly drama, which reflects the depravity of people and the madness of politics in the highly centralized context. What kind of dragon-climbing technique did Grandfather Wei use? What's his relationship with Wu Ming? & gt& gt Wei Zhongxian entered the palace as a eunuch, which was entirely a coincidence and out of a temporary passion. He is a street thug, beating dogs with chickens, eating, drinking and gambling. He hasn't read any books, but he has accumulated rich knowledge of the world. On one occasion, he cheated with many little people and won thousands of dollars. The result was discovered by the villain, which made him very embarrassed. Under resentment, Wei Zhongxian showed a fierce nature. He let out a cry, stopped chasing the villain, drew a knife from his waist, took out his "penis" in public, cut off the guy with a knife, and threw it bloody at everyone. Seeing this situation, everyone dispersed in a hubbub. Undaunted, Wei Zhongxian turned to the palace for development. & gt& gt During the Wanli period of Emperor Mingxi, the eldest son of carpenter Ming Shenzong was too busy to attend to his son (later Emperor Mingxi). The closest people to a child when he is growing up are only the wet nurse Hakka and his father-in-law Wei Zhongxian who plays with him every day. & gt& gt Wei Zhongxian almost grew up watching his grandson, nursing him day and night and playing with him. It is normal for various organizations to form gangs, and so are officials in the Ming Dynasty. Wei Zhongxian's service to the imperial grandson Zhu Youxiao was introduced by a eunuch named Wei Chao in the palace. At that time, the "* * *" in Wei Palace was a wet nurse in Zhu Youxiao. The so-called "opposite dishes" are also called "vegetable households" in the palace, that is, many eunuchs in the palace have a relatively fixed maid-in-waiting as their own "vegetable households". Soon, Wei Zhongxian replaced the Wei Dynasty and married the Hakkas. & gt& gt Wei Zhongxian was uncompromising in the Xi Dynasty, which was largely influenced by the Hakkas. Hakka is Xizong's wet nurse. Xizong, who lost his mother in his early years, had a serious emotional and physical dependence on Hakka people, similar to the feeling of "Oedipus Complex". & gt& gt Wei Zhongxian and Hakka lovers, get rid of their rival in love and their original protectors first. JaeHee, a Hakka, spoke ill of Wei. Wei dynasty served the emperor for many years, and its grade was always higher than that of Wei Zhongxian. As we all know, the little emperor was obedient to the wet nurse, and his former lover had already bid farewell to the pipa. The little emperor ruthlessly drove him out of Peking, and Wei Zhongxian was even more unique. He just had someone strangle him with a rope. As a result, Wei Zhongxian eventually became a big loser in the patriarchal period. & gt& gt sword handprint eunuch >> Li Jian, official signature. Mingjia, one of the "Twelve Supervisors" in the Ming Dynasty, was in charge of eunuchs and palace affairs. There are eunuchs such as prefect, handprint, pen-writing, and eunuch in class. The prefect eunuch is in charge of all the etiquette of the imperial city. Handprinted eunuch is one of the most powerful positions, responsible for completing the part of "criticizing the red" in the national decision-making of the Ming Dynasty. After the establishment of Kejiasi, the nanny of Xizong in Ming Dynasty, according to his achievements and qualifications in the palace at that time, Wang An, the old eunuch, was the only candidate for the official seal. However, after the appointment of eunuchs in the Ming court was issued, the appointees generally had to go through a formality, make repeated concessions on the table and go through the motions before they officially took office. It is this passing gap that gives Wei Zhongxian and Hakka a chance. At this time, there was a eunuch named Wang Tigan in Li Si prison. He always wanted to be a eunuch manager, so he and Wei Zhongxian spoke ill of Wang An everywhere in front of Ming Xizong. Ming Xizong was ignorant and young, and he was not impressed by his father's old servant Wang An. He naturally listened to the words of the Hakkas and withheld the appointment of Wang An. As a result, the position of prefect eunuch was vacant.