Alias Guanzhong, Mianma, Pheasant Arm and Niumaohuang.
The source is Dryopteris, a Dryopteris of Dryopteridaceae.
The plant is a perennial herb with a height of1m. Rootstock stout, together with petiole base, with dense brown egg-shaped lanceolate scales. Leaves clustered, petiole length 10 ~ 25 cm; Bipinnate, with 20 ~ 30 pairs of pinnae, closely lobed, oblong, round-headed, almost entire or with blunt serrations at the top, with yellowish brown scales on both sides and leaf axis. Sporocysts appear on the pinna above the middle of the leaf and are born below the middle of the venule, with 1 ~ 4 pairs per leaf. Sporangium is covered with kidney-shaped and brown.
Born in forests and wetlands. Location: Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
Excavate in spring and autumn, cut off the above-ground parts and dry them.
Features This product is conical, pineapple-like, with a length of 10 ~ 20 cm, and the surface is densely covered with neat petiole base and yellowish brown membranous scales. Petiole base oblate, slightly curved. The surface is brown-black, slightly shiny, with irregular longitudinal ridges; The cross section is round or semi-circular, light brown, and there are 5 ~ 13 small vascular bundles near the edge. Rhizome diameter 1 ~ 2 cm, light brown. There are 5 ~ 13 large yellow-white vascular bundles in the cross section. Qi is single-minded, and the taste is slightly bitter.
The chemical composition contains filmarone, which is decomposed into: filiciciacid)BBB, PBB, PBP, arachidonic acid) BB, PB, AB; Albaspidin)AA, BB, PB, etc.
Slightly cold in nature and bitter in taste; A little poisonous.
Function: clearing away heat and toxic materials, expelling worms and stopping bleeding. Used to prevent influenza, abdominal pain and uterine bleeding (using charcoal).
Meridian tropism belongs to liver and stomach meridians.
Efficacy is mainly used for expelling worms, clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Compatibility application
1. Used for various intestinal parasitic diseases. Guan Zhong can drive hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms and pinworms, and the classic says "kill three worms". But it is weak, and it is mostly compatible with other insecticides to enhance the curative effect. For hookworm disease, it is often used with torreya grandis and areca catechu. If taeniasis is treated, betel nut and thunder pill can be made into pills. For abdominal pain caused by ascaris, it is often combined with Junzi and Melia azedarach root bark. To cure pinworm, you can simply decoct the juice with this product and wash it around the anus before going to bed; Or equivalent to crane lice and neem bark.
2. Used for wind-heat colds, warm spots, mumps, etc. The taste is bitter and cold, and the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials is good. It can clear qi, separate serum heat and detoxify. Can be used for preventing and treating influenza, and can be decocted separately. Or use mulberry leaves and chrysanthemums; For blood-heat syndrome of epidemic febrile diseases, it is often combined with Folium Isatidis, Radix Arnebiae and Radix Rehmanniae. Enhance the efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and removing spots; For parotitis, it is often combined with honeysuckle and forsythia. In addition, it can also be used to prevent and treat infectious diseases such as mumps, measles and Japanese encephalitis.
3. Used for epistaxis, hematemesis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, etc. Guanzhong charcoal has the function of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, especially for metrorrhagia and bleeding. Treatment of metrorrhagia and bleeding is often used alone; Or use Sanguisorba etc. For treating qi bleeding without absorbing blood, it is combined with Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Colla Corii Asini to invigorate qi, absorb blood and stop bleeding. For those who vomit and have blood in the stool, it can be combined with Huanglian powder. Or use arborvitae leaves and cogongrass rhizome.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 4.5-9g. Insecticidal, heat-clearing and detoxification should be used raw, and charcoal should be used to stop bleeding.
Pay attention to bitter cold to reduce diarrhea, use it with caution for those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, and avoid it for pregnant women. Dryopteris crassirhizoma is toxic, so the dosage should not be too large.
Modern research
Ingredient: Dryopteris crassirhizoma mainly contains pimaric acid, huangmian acid, white flour marin, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, isopentene adenosine, etc. It also contains triterpenes: leucine, 9( 1 1)- fernene, Adiantone, 29- hopanol, resveratrol and terpene.
Pharmacology: Dryopteris crassipes decoction has inhibitory effect on many influenza viruses; It also has inhibitory effects on typhoid Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to varying degrees. Woolly fumaric acid and yellow fumaric acid are very toxic to tapeworms, which paralyzes their bodies and has a strong anthelmintic effect. The extract of Dryopteris crassipes can cause uterine tension contraction, and intraperitoneal injection can inhibit cervical cancer U 14, sarcoma S 180, brain tumor B22 and ARS ascites type.
Toxic reactions and side effects Mian malic acid has a strong stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool and so on. Pregnant women taking it can cause miscarriage. Excessive oral administration may lead to dysfunction of the central nervous system and even death due to central paralysis. It is also harmful to the heart and liver.
Dryopteris velutipes
Rhizoma Osmundae is a commonly used Chinese medicine, and commercial Rhizoma Osmundae is the dry rhizome of fern with petiole base. According to statistics, there are 5 families, 3 1 species of protozoa, among which Dryopteris crassipes, Dryopteris podophylla, Osmunda japonica and Dryopteris cibotii are the main species. [Medicinal Materials and Production and Marketing] Dryopteris crassirhizoma belongs to Dryopteris crassirhizoma, mainly produced in the mountainous areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. Sold to three northeastern provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu. [History] Guan Zhong first appeared in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, which was recorded in all previous dynasties. Li Shizhen said, "This grass is like phoenix tail, and its roots are one by one, so it is called phoenix tail fern, and its roots are well known." Baosheng Han said: "Miao is like a dog's spine, shaped like a pheasant's tail, with many straight roots, black skin and red flesh, and the bender is like a grass owl's head." Su Song said: "Spring-born red seedlings have leaves as big as ferns, triangular stems, green leaves like chicken feathers, also known as Pteris multifida, purple-black roots, dog claws, and black whiskers under them." Like an old owl. Li Shizhen said: "Several roots are clustered; Several stems, the stems are as big as tendons, and the saliva is slippery; Its leaves are opposite, such as the dog's back leaves are serrated, bluish yellow, and the face is deep and the back is shallow; " Its roots are curved and pointed, and its black beard is bushy, which is as big as the root of a dog's spine and looks like a crouching owl. According to the above description, it is difficult to determine what kind of fern it refers to, but according to the appended drawings of Symptomatic Materia Medica, it seems to be Dryopteris or similar plants, and the popular map of Compendium of Materia Medica is quite similar to that of Dryopteris, while the popular map for verifying plant names and facts is popular, but the latter is. Therefore, Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the first edition. According to the actual investigation at that time, there were four kinds of Guanzhong, namely Guanzhong, Guanzhong, Dog Ridge and Guanzhong. People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (version 1977) contains two kinds of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (namely Dryopteris crassirhizoma) and Dryopteris crassirhizoma. According to the field investigation, four species of Dryopteris crassipes, Dryopteris crassipes, Dryopteris cibotii and Dryopteris multileaf were collected, and the rest species were listed in the notes. [Original Plant] Dryopteris crassipes alias: Guanzhong, arm of pheasant, ox hair light (northeast). Dryopteris sinensis-a perennial herb of Dryopteridaceae, with a height of 50 ~ 100 cm. Rhizomes are thick, blocky and oblique, with many hard petiole residues and black fine roots, densely covered with rust-colored or dark brown scales. The leaves are clustered at the top of the rhizome, with long stalks and oblanceolate leaves, which are 60 ~ 100 cm long, slightly higher than the widest part in the middle, about 25cm. They pinnately split or deeply split twice, and the central axis and veins are covered with brown scales. 20 ~ 30 pairs of pinna, opposite or nearly opposite, sessile, lanceolate, pinna deeply divided, lobules closely connected, oblong nearly entire or with obtuse serrations at the apex; It's dark green above and light green below. Spore leaves and vegetative leaves are isomorphic; The cyst is attached to the pinna above the middle of the leaf, and below the middle of the dorsal veinlets of the leaf, showing the shape of a phoenix tree kidney or a round kidney. Born in swamps and wetlands under forests. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. [Digging] Digging in spring and autumn, cutting off petioles and fibrous roots, removing soil, cutting the whole tree or cutting it in half, and drying. [Chemical Composition] The rhizome contains pimaric acid, including pimaric acid BBB, pimaric acid PBB, pimaric acid PBP, etc. Arachnoid acid, including BB (Arachnoid acid BB, Arachnoid acid Pb, Arachnoid acid AB, trace amounts of Albaspidin and Dryocrassin), also contains triterpenoids (9( 1 1)- pterene), diterpenoids, tannins, volatile oils, resins, etc. The leaves contain Dryocassol and dryocassyl acetate.
[Identification of medicinal materials]
Trait recognition
They are long obovate, slightly curved, with blunt or truncated upper ends and sharp lower ends; Some are cut in half, about10 ~ 20cm long and 5 ~ 8cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish brown to dark brown, the petiole base and scales are densely arranged, and there are curved fibrous roots. Petiole base is oblate, slightly curved, hard, brown in section, with 5 ~ 13 yellow-white dots. Ring arrangement. Peel off the base of the petiole and see the rhizome. Hard, dark green to brown, with 5 ~ 13 yellow-white oblong dots. The smell is special. At first, it tastes light and slightly astringent, and then it is bitter and bitter. It is best to be large and solid, and the petiole base is brown and green. Microscopic identification of rhizome cross section (diameter 2cm): a series of thick-walled cells are brown on the outside. There are 5 ~ 13 schizosteles in the basic tissue, which are oblong or oval, slightly bent outward and arranged in a ring, and most of the smaller schizosteles (vascular bundles leading to leaves) are scattered outside. The dividing stele is surrounded by endodermis with obvious Kjeldahl point, and the xylem tracheid is polygonal, mostly ladder-shaped and surrounded by phloem. Thin-walled cells contain starch granules and yellowish brown substances, and there are interstitial glandular hairs between cells (see figure). Cross section of petiole base (diameter1.1cm): 5 ~13, which is the same as rhizome structure; And interstitial glandular hairs.
Physical and chemical identification TLC sample preparation: take 3g of this product powder, add 30ml of water, heat and extract for 30 minutes, and filter. After the filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid, it is extracted with ether for three times, 5ml each time, and the ether solutions are combined, concentrated to dryness, and 2ml chloroform is added for sampling. Adsorbent: silica gel G (Shanghai Fluorescent Chemical Factory), 105% activation 1 hour. Developing agent: chloroform-propanol-glacial acetic acid (80∶20∶2.5). The span is 13cm. Color developer: firstly spray (1) the newly prepared 0.5% quick storage blue salt solution, and then spray (2)2)0. 1N sodium hydroxide solution.
[Nature, taste and efficacy] It tastes bitter, cold and has little toxicity. Has the effects of expelling parasites, stopping bleeding, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Can be used for treating abdominal pain due to insect accumulation, toxic heat ulcer, parotitis swelling and pain, metrorrhagia, and influenza. The dosage is 4.5g-9g. Insect repellent, clearing away heat and toxic materials; Stop bleeding and stir-fry charcoal. [pharmacological action and clinical application] 1. Dryopteris crassipes is very toxic to tapeworms, which can paralyze the muscles of tapeworms and leave the intestinal wall, thus showing the effect of expelling insects. 2.mg-filicin； Filicin 105g and Mgo 70g) are 5-7 times stronger than crude oil resin and 2 times more toxic. Dog gavage of 40mg/kg per day can cause spermatocyte variation, diarrhea and emaciation. If the dose is increased to 40 ~ 80 mg/kg, 10 ~ 15 days later, dogs will be blind due to optic nerve damage, white matter of the brain will also be damaged, and liver function will still be normal. 3. The experiment in the pharmaceutical factory of Changchun Health School shows that the ether extract of this product has a strong contractive effect on the isolated uterus of rabbits and guinea pigs. When the dosage is 0.8ml (equivalent to 50mg/ml of crude drug), the frequency and tension of uterine contraction increase and the amplitude decreases. When the dose is increased to 1.3ml, the uterine contraction can be straightened. 4. The decoction of this product has different effects on various influenza viruses by tube dilution method (1:800 ~1:160). 5. Concentrated tablets of Dryopteris crassirhizoma leaf decoction, used for chronic bronchitis, have antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects. [Note] There are also "Guanzhong" used in some areas: Dryopteris crassipes (Xinjiang) and Dryopteris latifolia (Benth). )C. Chr。 Water fern from Hunan. ) Qing (Pingbian and Gongshan in Yunnan). Dryopteris japonicus (Hunan, Henan, Shandong), ear fern (hook. ) J.SM (Henan), Arachniodes frondosa (Mu Ye) Ohwi (Hunan).
Toxic reactions and side effects Mian malic acid has a strong stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool and so on. Pregnant women taking it can cause miscarriage. Excessive oral administration may lead to dysfunction of the central nervous system and even death due to central paralysis. It is also harmful to the heart and liver.
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