Luo Zhenyu (1866 ~ 1940)
He is a linguist.
The word uncle yun, the word uncle Yan, the number, the number of the old man. Originally from Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province, I am a guest of Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province. 1896 founded the Agricultural Society in Shanghai, 1897 founded the Agricultural Journal, and the Oriental Literature Society was founded the following year. Education World magazine was first published in Shanghai on 190 1. Jiangsu Normal School was founded in 1904, and later served as the second-level consultant, counselor and agricultural supervisor of Shi Jing University. After World War I, he was elected as an oriental journalist by French universities. His contribution to language and writing is mainly reflected in the collection and research of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the compilation and publication of inscriptions, bamboo slips, inscriptions and other ancient materials. Among Oracle Bone Inscriptions researchers, Luo Zhenyu occupies an important position as one of the "Four Great Halls of Oracle Bone Inscriptions" and is the founder of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
His contribution to Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mainly reflected in
1. He collected, preserved and published a large number of original materials. He is the author of Fifty Days' Dream Record, Pre-compilation of Book Deeds in Yin Ruins (19 13), Exquisite Book Deeds in Yin Ruins (19 14) and Tieyun Hidden Tortoise (19/kloc). 1933 compiled "The Continuation of the Book of Yin Ruins". At the same time, he also compiled the Catalogue of Ancient Objects in Yin Ruins (19 16) and the postscript.
2. He took the lead in correctly judging the nature and unearthed place of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. He pointed out that Oracle Bone Inscriptions belonged to the Shang Dynasty and was a relic of the royal family. It is considered that it can represent the source of China's characters as a document, and it is more reliable as a historical material than an official history. At the same time, he also pointed out that the small village where Oracle bones came out of the ground was the ruins of Yin ruins and the capital of Yin Dynasty. This is of great significance to the later study of Oracle bones.
He released a lot of words in the exam. According to the characteristics of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, referring to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, he compared Oracle Bone Inscriptions with bronze inscriptions, ancient prose and seal script to explain the origin and evolution of characters. He also used glyphs or later documents to infer the original meaning of words and the relationship between true and false. 19 10 There are nearly 300 words in Textual Research on Zhenbu of Yin Shang Dynasty and nearly 500 words in Textual Research on Book of Yin Ruins, most of which are recognized by academic circles. 19 16 also compiled more than 1,000 words of Oracle Bone Inscriptions from unknown sources into a supplement to the Yin Ruins for discussion.
4. He initiated the method of Oracle Bone Inscriptions classification. In the book "Textual Research on Yin Ruins", Oracle Bone Inscriptions is divided into eight categories: Oracle, Divination, Oracle, Divination, Divination, Divination, Divination, Divination and Divination, which created a precedent for the classification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in later generations.
5. Together with Wang Guowei, it proves the phenomenon of book closing in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. He also collected and published a lot of information on the study of bronze inscriptions. He is the author of Yin Wencun (two volumes, 19 17), Qin Jin Yanshi Ci (three volumes, 19 14) and Zhensongtang Jigu Literature and Art (16), with addenda. The collection of original materials on bronze inscriptions has had a great influence at home and abroad. He also put forward the idea of reading ancient inscriptions, put forward the method of comprehensive comparative study, and pointed out the value of inscriptions in philology. He studied Shi Guwen and wrote Textual Research on Shi Guwen (7 volumes, 19 16). Collected and sorted out the wooden slips of the Han and Jin Dynasties, and wrote books such as Slips of Quicksand (Hezuo, 19 14) and Textual Research on Slips of Quicksand (1934). In addition, he also wrote many works, such as Manna Shu Jian Zheng, Common Words and Ji Guo Discrimination. His works are rich in content, meticulous in screening, vast in achievements and brand-new in methods, which "provide us with countless real historical materials" (Guo Moruo's language).
He is a modern epitaph and cultural relic collector.
At the beginning, the word "strong white" was changed to "Uncle Yun", "Confucianism" and "Uncle Yan", whose names were Song Weng and the old man, also known as Yongfeng villagers and the old man. Originally from Yongfeng Township, Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province (now Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). Tongzhi was born in Shanyang County, Jiangsu Province (now Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province) on June 28th (1August 8th, 866) and died in Lushun, Liaoning Province on May 28th, 940. 1937 died in Lushun.
15 years old, scholar. In the 16th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1890), I worked as a teacher and wrote books in the countryside. In 22 years, he and Fu Jiang and others founded the Agricultural Society in Shanghai, and founded the Agricultural News. Founded Oriental Literature Society in 24 years. In 26 years, at the invitation of Governor Zhang Zhidong of Hubei Province, he served as director of Hubei Agricultural Bureau and supervisor of agricultural school. In 28 years, he served as supervisor of Nanyang Public School Hongkou Branch. The following year, he joined the General Office of Guangdong and Guangxi, and attended the educational administration in Cen Chunxuan. Appointed by Duan Fang, Governor of Jiangsu Province for 30 years, he founded Jiangsu Normal School as an inspector. In 32 years, he went to Beijing as a second-level consultant of the Department. Xuantongyuannian (1909) served as the counselor and agricultural supervisor of Shi Jing University Hall (now Peking University). 19 1 1 When the Revolution of 1911 broke out, he pretended to be a survivor of the Qing Dynasty and took refuge in Japan with Wang Guowei and others to engage in academic research. 19 19 returned to China, 192 1 lived in Tianjin. 1924, he was called by Puyi, went into the south study, and was appointed by Puyi to walk there. Gradually participate in the clean room repair activities. 1928 moved to Lushun. After the September 18th Incident, he participated in the planning and establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo. After the puppet regime of Manchukuo was established, he served as the puppet inspector general and the president of Manchu Cultural Association. Luo Zhenyu was born in the seventh place in Shangyu County School, and twice failed in Renwu (1882) and Wuzi (1888) rural examinations. Since then, he has devoted himself to studying. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, I paid attention to new learning, translated and introduced Japanese and European and American agricultural works, and co-organized Wuchang Agricultural School, Chu Jiang Compilation Bureau and Suzhou Normal School. Since 1906, he has been a counselor of the department and an agricultural supervisor of Shi Jing University. Luo Zhenyu loved collecting stone inscriptions since he was a child, and he never stopped. Because of his extensive academic knowledge and materials, he discovered a large number of antiquities, such as Oracle bones in Yin ruins, Dunhuang suicide notes, bamboo slips in the western regions, epitaphs in the Central Plains, etc. He collected all kinds of newly discovered cultural relics, sorted them out and studied them in different categories, and saved valuable materials for modern social science research and made useful contributions.
The ancient documents preserved and circulated in the stone chambers of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang were discovered in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900) and stolen by foreign scholars such as Stein in Britain and Boccio in France. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), Luo Zhenyu came to pelliot. When he saw the Dunhuang manuscripts stolen by pelliot and the manuscripts written by the Tang Dynasty, he immediately took many photos of 10, and also sorted out the secret books of Mingshashan stone room and the notes of Dunhuang stone room on some of its contents. Knowing that there were still thousands of documents in the Tibetan Sutra Cave, he urged the Ministry of Education to order Gan to supervise the stone chamber and send all the remaining suicide notes to the capital. The existing 8000 volumes of documents in Dunhuang stone chambers were purchased and preserved. This treasure arrived in Beijing in the autumn of Xuantong's second year and was finally stored in Shi Jing Library. Pay attention to buying scattered Dunhuang documents. Photocopy the documents and photos obtained from the overseas collection of the suicide note provided by Boscio, and publish the Suicide Note of Mingsha Stone Room (19 13), and collect 13 kinds of books: Continued Books of Mingsha Stone Room (19 17). With Wang Guowei, there are 30 kinds of books, three kinds of stone chamber suicide notes in Dunhuang, secretary Can Cong of Zhensongtang Xiqiao, Dunhuang stone chamber broken gold, Dunhuang Zero Collection, Sha Lu Bu, Dunhuang stone chamber suicide note, the first lost book and stone chamber secret treasure, etc., the photos of Han and Jin wooden slips discovered by Stein in Dunhuang and Lop Nur were merged into quicksand slips. Most of the inscriptions and postscript that have been revised in detail can be found in the second volume of Tang Xue School Journal. Many Dunhuang studies, such as Biography of Zhang Yichao and Guasha Chronology of Cao Shi, almost cover the most important parts of the four Dunhuang suicide notes. Luo Zhenyu, who searched for and studied Oracle bones unearthed in Anyang Yin Ruins, was the first scholar who made great progress in Oracle bones research. He collected nearly 20,000 pieces of Oracle bones from 1906, which was the largest collection in the early days. In addition to encouraging Liu E to compile "A Turtle Hidden in an Iron Cloud", he also personally visited the house and asked for help in finding the real origin of Oracle Bone Inscriptions-Xiaotun. 19 10 year to write a textual research on the Zhen department of Yin Shang Dynasty. First, he identified Anyang Xiaotun as Yin Ruins and correctly identified Oracle bones as "Yin remains". Later, what I saw and collected were sorted into the pre-compilation (19 12), the fine-compilation (19 14) and the post-compilation (/kloc) A Textual Research on the Book of Yin Ruins explains 56 1 oracle bone inscriptions, puts forward the principle of "tracing back to the ancient times from Xu Shu and looking at the Oracle bones from the top", and advocates that we should pay attention to the thorough reading and classification of Oracle bones when interpreting the characters, which is a great progress in the early study of Oracle bones.
Preserve the historical materials of the Qing cabinet and the collections of the Ming Dynasty. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), the Qing cabinet prepared to burn archives. There are a lot of important historical materials in Luo Zhenyu's archives, which can be preserved and bagged in the Department after many efforts. 1922, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government planned to sell it as waste paper, and Luo Zhenyu bought it back at a high price of three times the original price and preserved it, so that a large number of precious historical materials of Ming and Qing dynasties were not destroyed.
Luo Zhenyu collected inscriptions and bronze rubbings from Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties. On this basis, he did a lot of sorting and publishing work, and compiled Qin Jin Stone Carving Ci (19 14), Yin Wencun (19 17), Zhen Songtang Ancient Legacy Collection, Addendum and so on. Among them, Sanjin Jinwen Village has the greatest influence. This book contains 483 1 articles on bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is rich in information and easy to search, and is necessary for bronze inscriptions researchers. There are also a few stone carving collections compiled and compiled by Luo Zhenyu, including Zhaoling stele, Tang Sanjia stele, Huang Xi Stone Burning, Han Xiping's Collection of Jing Canzi, Epitaph of Six Dynasties, Records of Overseas Villagers, Remains of Three Han Tombs, Monroe, Du Dong and Summer Night. Luo Zhenyu also sorted out and photocopied a large number of catalogues of various artifacts, such as Catalogue of Ancient Objects in Yin Ruins (19 16), Lucky Map of Caotang (19 17) and Lucky Map of Zhensongtang (1933). In addition, a variety of special collections have been compiled, such as ancient cultural relics, funerary wares, ancient mirrors, tiles, seals, clay seals, symbols, banknotes, prisoners' bricks and land purchase vouchers. Many of these cultural relics have been lost, and images and inscriptions can be preserved through Roche's collection.
The information of bamboo slips in Han and Jin dynasties and the ancient secret book of British A were published. Stein once unearthed a large number of Han and Jin bamboo slips in Dunhuang, Gansu and Lop Nur, Xinjiang, which was written by French scholar E. Sha Yi. According to Textual Research on Sha Sha, Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei rearranged and published the book "Slips of Quicksand" (19 14), which became the beginning of modern bamboo slips research. Luo Zhenyu has also copied and passed on a large number of newly discovered ancient banknotes and cheats in the Song and Ming Dynasties in Japan and China, such as Yunchuang Congke, Jishi Series, Selected Works of the Tang Dynasty, and Can Cong, an ancient book.
Luo Zhenyu's other works and many prefaces and postscripts have been included in Yongfeng Village Manuscript, Liaoju Miscellaneous Works and Song Zhen Old Man Manuscript.