For various reasons, many people are not very clear about the cultural relics of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Some people think that all the good things have gone to Taiwan Province Province, and some even say that "there are cultural relics in Taipei without the Forbidden City, and there are cultural relics in Beijing without the Forbidden City", which is obviously a misunderstanding. Of course, cultural relics have their own artistic and historical values and cannot be replaced by each other. The collection of the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is a whole and highly complementary. Only by looking at it as a whole can we fully understand the long history and richness of China culture.
The cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei are part of the cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Beijing. The two houses are combined into one, which is the complete Forbidden City. Which is better? It should be said that each has its own merits, but it is not complete. The 700,000 pieces of the National Palace Museum in Taipei are the treasure house of China's culture and art, and the 6,543.8+0,000 pieces of the National Palace Museum in Beijing are also unparalleled. Scholars who moved to Taiwan Province thought that stone was the most important thing and the tripod was the symbol of the country, so they took away a large number of bronzes (2,382 pieces). Scholars attach importance to calligraphy and painting, which is easy to carry. They took as much as they could, and * * * took 5424 yuan. Among them, there are 943 paintings in the Song Dynasty alone, and the series of landscape paintings in the Song and Yuan Dynasties can constitute the best special exhibition of the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. China has a saying that a gentleman wears jade, so he also took a lot of jade. Only a part of the ceramics was taken away, accounting for 17934 pieces, but the fine products of various porcelain showrooms and sacrificial rooms in the Palace Museum in Beijing were concentrated, which can be described as a famous kiln. Sanxi Hall's famous post, the Palace Museum in Beijing has two of the "three wishes", and Taipei has one. Guo's Picture of Early Spring is no longer available in Taipei or Beijing. Beijing has a Qingming Riverside Map, but Taipei doesn't. Only the Qing Dynasty left the dragon robe in China. At that time, scholars thought that things from the Qing Dynasty were of little value and were not taken away, so there was no 1 dragon robe in the Palace Museum.
In the autumn of the thirty-seventh year (1948), the situation of the * * * war was reversed. The Forbidden City, the Central Library, the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica and the China Expo Preparatory Office decided to select fine cultural relics and transport them to Taiwan Province Province. At the end of that year, the first batch of cultural relics boxes were shipped out of Nanjing by the navy and arrived in Keelung. The following year, the second batch of cultural relics were carried by merchant ships, and the third batch of boxes were still carried by the navy. The 2,972 boxes of cultural relics transported by the Forbidden City to Taiwan Province are only 22% of the boxes (13,491box) moved south from Beiping, but there are many high-quality goods. There are 852 boxes shipped to Taiwan Province by the preparatory office of China Expo, most of which are fine products.
When sending books and cultural relics to Taiwan Province, the government set up a joint management office of the National Central Museum of Natural History. The joint management office moved the cultural relics to the newly-built hillside warehouse in Beigou, Wufeng Township, Taichung County, and dug a bomb shelter. During the joint management office, the cultural relics were counted; Later, I engaged in cataloging, published various books, and had a small showroom open to the public. In the meantime, he also selected fine works to go to the United States, exhibited them in five places, including the National Gallery of Washington, and participated in the new york World Expo.
After the Forbidden City moved to Taipei, it was expanded several times in succession, and the exhibition space gradually expanded. In fifty-seven years (1968), books and documents were separated from the painting and calligraphy group, which expanded the collection unit of cultural relics from the original antiquities and painting and calligraphy group to three places: utensils, paintings and calligraphy, books and documents. In 59 (1970), the Ministry of Literature was added to the library. Its business is a bit big: for example, the review, collation and detailed registration of cultural relics; And cooperate and exchange with other institutions. For example, since 1960, the Institute of History of Taiwan Province Provincial University has been assisted to set up the China Art History Group, which is the predecessor of the Institute of Art History of National Taiwan University. The group has trained many art history researchers, some of whom worked in the Forbidden City. In sixty-seven years (1978), he collaborated with the National History Museum to collate the draft of Qing History, which was later updated and published by the National History Museum. The Forbidden City also carried out editing and research work, and published a variety of periodicals, specialized books and catalogues, as well as books, mounted scrolls, hand scrolls and so on, such as paintings and calligraphy, utensils, rare books and documents of the Qing Dynasty. The Forbidden City actively sent personnel abroad for training, inspection and participation in international academic activities. Hosted many international academic seminars, such as "China Ancient Painting Seminar" in 1959 (1970); At the Osaka World Expo and the China Exhibition in Seoul, South Korea, the selection of high-quality products for overseas exhibitions was well received.
Fu Jiang-Gui served for more than 17 years, 1972 resigned due to illness (1983), and the chairman of the Kuomintang Party History Association took over as president. In 73 (1984), the new administrative building of the Forbidden City was opened, and most cultural relics, paintings and books were moved to the warehouse on the second floor of the new building for storage. The exhibition hall of the main hall was expanded and the overall design was updated. Warehouses and exhibition venues are equipped with constant temperature and humidity, fire prevention, moisture prevention and earthquake prevention measures and 24-hour safety monitoring system. In 74 (1985), the Forbidden City celebrated its 60th birthday and held academic lectures and seminars. In 76 (1987), the Forbidden City officially became a ministerial-level organ of the Executive Yuan. During this period, the Forbidden City accepted the donation of "Mo Ye Jingshe" and established the memorial hall of Mr. Zhang Daqian; In addition, the Perfect Garden was built, and a new library was built in 1985 (1996).
1980 years later, the Forbidden City chose cultural relics to exhibit abroad. For example, 1985 held the exhibition "Art of Exploring the Times" in Washington, USA, 1985- 1986 held the roving exhibition "Treasures of China" in the USA, 1996- 1997). 1982 (1993), the forbidden city began to cooperate with non-governmental organizations to exhibit western art, for example, in 1982, it was a special exhibition of "Monet and Impressionist Painting"; 1984 (1995) special exhibition "Famous Paintings Collected in Louvre Museum"; 1987 (1998) held the special exhibition "Picasso's World". 1988 (1999) exhibited mainland cultural relics. For example, it was a special exhibition of "The Legend of Sanxingdui" by 1999; And cultural relics exhibitions such as "Mawangdui Han Tomb" and "Nanyue King Tomb" borrowed in cooperation with the "Han Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition" of the Forbidden City.
1989 (2000) In May, Du, an academician of Academia Sinica, took over as president, managed the Palace Museum to depoliticize, return to the essence of art and culture, expose the multicultural views of China, China and the world, pay attention to the universality of beauty, take humanity as the foundation, and achieve humanity, which is not limited to the glory of the country and the nation. Over the past year, he has actively promoted academic research, held small seminars regularly, and cooperated with exhibitions to carry out academic seminars, such as "Academic Seminar on Literature and Fine Arts" and "Seminar on Archives of Qing Dynasty and History of Taiwan Province Province", and invited domestic and foreign scholars to give special lectures. The exhibition should be easy to understand and achieve educational effect, and a "pre-exhibition briefing session" should be held to invite colleagues, volunteers and primary and secondary school teachers to put forward their views and suggestions.
In order to solve the long-standing problems of the museum, such as chaotic visiting routes and traffic outside the museum, taking into account the earthquake-proof facilities under the special geological conditions in Taiwan Province Province, emphasizing the preservation of cultural relics by scientific and technological means and the longer-term development of the museum in the future, the construction plan of the Forbidden City in the new century was planned and submitted to the Executive Yuan. The plan was divided into five sub-plans, aiming at the development and establishment of exhibition space, traffic outside the museum, cultural relics maintenance and branches, and outlined the development blueprint of the 2 1 century museum.
"The Forbidden City collected on both sides of the strait, compared to which one? Which one has more boutiques? " This is an issue that compatriots on both sides of the strait and even the international community are not very clear about but are very concerned about. It can be said with certainty that the collection of the Forbidden City in Beijing not only far exceeds that of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, but also has more fine products on the whole. Before comparing, I want to explain three things:
First, before the establishment of the Palace Museum, Puyi, the Emperor Xun, smuggled 1200 pieces of exquisite paintings and calligraphy, rare books of ancient books and a large number of treasures out of the palace. After the founding of New China, quite a few returned to the Palace Museum in Beijing, such as The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, The Night Banquet by Han Xizai, The Picture of Five Cows, Yuan Botie, Mid-Autumn Festival Tie and so on.
2. 1933 * *13491box of cultural relics moved south. After some cultural relics moved south, there are still quite a few cultural relics and many treasures left in the Palace Museum in Beijing. During the occupation, unregistered cultural relics were still counted and a number of precious cultural relics were collected. The Nanjing government once ordered Ma Heng, the dean, to choose to leave the cultural relics, pack them and fly them to Nanjing in batches. Although Dean Ma catalogued the treasures and submitted them to Nanjing, he delayed the packing for various reasons, and then none of them were shipped. Later, 2,972 boxes of cultural relics moved south were transported to Taiwan Province, accounting for 22% of the total boxes moved south. Of course, most of them are good works. In fact, 78% of the fine products are still left. Because of the sudden change of the war situation, the Kuomintang only transported cultural relics to Taiwan Province Province three times, and the third time planned to transport them 1700 boxes. Due to the limited shipping space and 24-hour loading time, only 972 cases were shipped out, and the remaining 728 cases were left in the mainland.
Third, the composition of cultural relics in the Forbidden City on both sides of the strait is slightly different. About 600,000 pieces of cultural relics were transported to Taiwan Province by the Forbidden City, including 380,000 pieces of Qing Palace archives, nearly 6,543,800 rare books, and more than 50,000 pieces of cultural relics, paintings and calligraphy. Together with the cultural relics collected after arriving in Taiwan Province, there are more than 650,000 pieces in total. The Forbidden City in Beijing has 8 million original Ming and Qing archives, more than 500,000 rare books (pieces and blocks), and 9.6 million utensils, paintings and calligraphy 1 10,000 pieces. 1980, the archives of Ming and Qing dynasties were extracted and the first historical archives in China was established; In addition, 6,543,800+4,000 volumes of palace books were allocated to the National Library and some provincial, municipal and university libraries, including some Song and Yuan editions. At present, there are more than1.5000 pieces in the Forbidden City in Beijing, of which more than 240000 pieces were collected after 1.949, and more than 80% of them are still collected in Qing Dynasty.