(A) study the relationship between sports structure and sports function
Structure determines function, which is the basic view of mechanics. In human movement, studying the whole and local movement structure, muscle distribution and activity form, as well as the coordinated development of various organ systems, is the biomechanical basis for studying the movement function, and is also the basic task of sports biomechanics theory and practice.
(B) to study the mechanical laws of human movement technology
This paper studies the biomechanical structure and function of human sports technology, and the biomechanical principle of human sports technology in physical education, reveals the mechanical rationality of sports structure and the mechanical regularity of sports technology, and better guides physical education and sports training.
(3) Study and optimize sports techniques
Through the biomechanical diagnosis of athletes' technical movements, this paper puts forward a reasonable technical movement structure in line with biomechanical principles, establishes the best technical movement plan, and seeks to improve the technical movement training plan in order to improve the scientific level of sports training.
(4) Research, design and improvement of sports equipment.
In sports, no matter whether the human body moves or the equipment moves, it is the result of the interaction between the human body and the outside world or sports equipment. Therefore, researching, designing and improving sports equipment to make it conform to biomechanical principles can create conditions for the continuous improvement of sports performance. In addition, the development of fitness equipment and sporting goods provides rich research topics for the application research of sports biomechanics.
(5) Study the causes of sports injuries and preventive measures.
On the one hand, through the biomechanical study of human sports system and biomechanical analysis of sports technology, we can reveal the unity of morphological structure and sports function of sports system, the efficacy and mutual restriction of human clinical treatment and rehabilitation, so as to establish reasonable sports technology and prevent the damage of sports system. On the other hand, it can reveal the influence of different sports actions on the local load of human body, find out the mechanical and biological reasons for the injury of sports system, and then take reasonable technical actions and preventive measures to avoid sports injuries or choose reasonable biomechanical rehabilitation means.
(six) provide biomechanical parameters for athletes' selection
Study the biomechanical characteristics of various sports techniques, and construct the requirements of human body shape and functional quality that must be met to complete the movement. Taking the influence of inertia parameters of human body links on motor function as an example, high jumpers require relatively long lower limbs. However, the ratio of thigh length to calf length should be considered when the length of lower limbs is equal. Obviously, short thighs and long calves are more suitable for exercise.
Clinical and rehabilitation fields
(A) the application of human mechanics in clinical treatment
Musculoskeletal system is an important organ to maintain the macro-structure of human body. Biomechanics of musculoskeletal system is to study the relationship between the force, torque and corresponding deformation produced by the movement of musculoskeletal system under physiological and pathological conditions. The study of human mechanics can better understand the physiological load pattern of human musculoskeletal system, help us analyze the abnormal movement pattern and mechanical abnormality in pathological state, and thus guide the formulation of treatment plan and the design of musculoskeletal orthopedic implant equipment.
In the cardiovascular field, the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases has become a hot issue of global concern. Common cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm and acute thrombosis, are closely related to the hydrodynamic phenomena in the human blood circulation system. Biomechanics, especially with the help of modern computer simulation technology and in vitro cell mechanics loading technology, provides a theoretical basis and technical means for the study of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the formulation of personalized treatment plans and the design of vascular implants/interventional objects with hemodynamic optimization characteristics.
(B) the application of human mechanics in rehabilitation engineering
The main task of rehabilitation engineering in rehabilitation medicine is to make the disabled recover and promote their functional recovery, reconstruction or compensation through engineering methods and means. Among them, human mechanics plays a very important role. Mainly in two aspects:
First of all, the measurement and analysis of biomechanical characteristics of physical disorders is an important basis for the design of rehabilitation AIDS. In order to achieve the design goal of rehabilitation AIDS, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the characteristics of obstacles effectively, and biomechanical characteristics are one of the important indexes of physiological system, so it is also an important basis for the design of rehabilitation AIDS.
Secondly, the biomechanical interaction between human body and assistive devices is an important factor in the optimal design of rehabilitation assistive devices. In order to compensate, replace or repair the physical obstacles of the disabled, rehabilitation AIDS must interact with the human body, and biomechanical factors have an important influence in this interaction.
Aerospace and other special fields.
In special fields such as aerospace, human beings are faced with long-term or short-term weightlessness or overweight environment. In this special environment, human mechanics mainly studies the changing law of physiological functions of objects in aerospace dynamic environment and its protective measures. Which belongs to the category of special environmental physiology and biomechanics.
(a) Effect of positive acceleration on human body:
When the fighter flies in curves such as hovering, somersault, semi-somersault and dive recovery, the pilot's head faces the center of the circle and is accelerated centripetal from foot to head, while the inertial centrifugal force acts on the human body in the opposite direction. The pilot is subjected to continuous positive acceleration (+Gz). The main impacts are as follows:
Circulatory system: blood pressure changes, blood pressure decreases above the heart level, blood pressure increases below the heart level, blood distribution changes, etc.
Respiratory system: the weight of thoracic and diaphragm increases, the load of respiratory muscles increases, inhalation is laborious, inhalation time is prolonged, and even apnea occurs. Lung ventilation efficiency is low, arterial oxygen saturation is reduced, etc.
Visual function: the horizontal arterial pressure of the eye decreases, resulting in blurred vision, narrowed visual field and loss of central vision.
Brain function: the disorder of cerebral blood circulation leads to temporary blurring or even loss.
(b) Effects of weightlessness on human body
Weightlessness is a special environmental factor encountered in space flight, which will have a great impact on human musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and immune system.
In the long-term repeated space flight, the progressive and cumulative changes of bone and calcium metabolism will lead to the decrease of bone mineral density and the redistribution of bone mineral salt content. Bone loss and negative balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism caused by weightlessness are difficult to recover after returning, and fractures and other injuries may occur, which may affect the health of astronauts.
The disappearance of gravity load will lead to the obvious atrophy of human skeletal muscle, especially anti-gravity muscle, accompanied by changes in muscle fiber type, metabolic mode and muscle contraction function. The occurrence of weightlessness muscular atrophy not only affects the astronauts' flight time and work efficiency in orbit, but also seriously affects the astronauts' adaptability after returning to the ground.
Weightlessness has a wide impact on human cardiovascular system, mainly manifested in poor orthostatic tolerance after space flight. Although the decrease of total blood volume is the main cause and necessary condition of cardiovascular disorder after flight, it is not the only cause, and sometimes it is not even a necessary condition. The change of arterial system function may play an important role in the occurrence of astronaut orthostatic intolerance caused by space flight.