What foreign literature or film and television works describe China's "dragon" image?

The origin of the dragon can be traced back to 8000 years ago. So far, the oldest and largest dragon found in China is located in the ruins of the primitive village of Chahai in Fuxin, Liaoning Province. This "dragon sculpture" is made of reddish-brown stones of equal size, with a total length of nearly 20 meters and a width of nearly 2 meters. It is magnificent and located in the central square of the original village site. In the long ancient times, it once existed as a tool for ancestors to communicate with God, and it was responsible for the rise and fall of this village. The records in ancient books are really shocking. Sacrifice in primitive times is always cruel and unreasonable. Zhuzhai, bowing down ... These are just overtures, and the real protagonist is sacrifice. Burning people to worship heaven-God needs his subjects to exchange blood for rain. In the blazing flame, there is a smell of burnt human flesh, but the enthusiastic villagers are repeating monotonous prayers and begging for the mercy of God in heaven. It is said that there were two kinds of people who were burned as sacrifices at that time: witches and raccoons. Witches are messengers of the gods. Burning it with fire can make her soul enter heaven, so that she can complain to the gods about the drought among the people and get rain. Raccoons, on the other hand, are unfortunately disabled. They usually have a short body and their nostrils are always on their backs. God has pity on raccoons and is afraid that rain will flow into their nostrils, so he refuses to rain, resulting in a large-scale drought. Only by burning raccoons with witchcraft can this situation be ended. At this time, the dragon has not been called a god, but a tool used by God to distribute rain. Until the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this cruel way of sacrifice was finally questioned, and the ancient way of burning people to worship heaven was improved-from killing to abuse. The woodpile has become an exposure field, and burning alive has become a scorching sun exposure for several days ... At the same time, the status of the dragon is increasing day by day, and its image has been widely used in sacrificial vessels, and it has assumed the role of spokesperson for the gods. People also use mud and rocks to make images of dragons in the fields to pray for rain. "Drought is like Ying Long, but it rains cats and dogs" and "Huainanzi? This phenomenon is described in terrain training. The method of "making dragons for rain" is becoming more and more popular, and the sacrifice method is no longer bloody, which is believed to be inseparable from the progress of civilization and the awakening of humanistic spirit. Aside from witchcraft and religious factors, we can find that there are many connections between the origin of dragons and primitive totem beliefs. Totem, derived from Indian language, originally means "his relative" or "mark". Primitive clans knew little about the natural scenery around them. They can see rolling clouds, lightning that pierces the sky and colorful rainbows, but they can't explain what they see with existing experience or common sense. Why do the crops in the field blossom and bear fruit? Why do cattle, sheep and livestock grow and breed? There is no doubt that this has something to do with the rain. The sky thunders and thunders, and it always rains, so they think that the astronomical phenomena are also related to rain. There is too little rainfall and no vegetation; Excessive rainfall flooded people and animals; Only when the rainfall is moderate can the crops be harvested. As for how much rain it rains, it depends on the protection of our ancestors. In this way, they rely on the speculation that there is a species with extraordinary dominance, which is closely related to rainfall and controls the order of the world. They are related to this special species. Therefore, they regard this animal as the symbol and protector of their clan and name it dragon, so they call themselves "descendants of the dragon". According to ancient documents, there are many clans in China with dragons as their totems, ranging from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor in ancient times (hehe ~ don't forget that China people also call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor"), to the clans of Yao, Shun and Yu, and even to the clans of wuyue. People of different clans often find some pleasant excuses as the reasons why their clans choose a sacred object to worship. These excuses have been handed down and become myths. Although these myths have been modified and processed by later generations, they still contain the historical background at that time. Here, the author only gives an example for analysis. In the 26th century BC, the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor sent "Ying Long" to fight. Ying Long is a winged dragon, which can control wind and rain. Guangya? There is a record in "Fishing": "There is a pterosaur named Ying Long. "It's a pity that Ying Long got off to a bad start, and was killed by Fengbo and the rain teacher Human-God, and the Yellow Emperor's army was drowned by the heavy rain called by Fengbo and the rain teacher. Later, the Yellow Emperor invited the heavenly daughter Jiamei to bring a drought, which stopped the storm and won. From this legend, we can infer the following points: 1, the weather has become an important factor affecting the result at that time, and its quality directly determines which side will win. 2. Before the ancient emperors went to war (such as Huangdi and Chiyou), they often performed various religious ceremonies in the hope of influencing the weather. When the Yellow Emperor summoned "Ying Long", he probably held a ceremony of "making dragons to pray for rain", while Fengbo, Rain Master and other figures may be wizards in charge of praying for rain in the Chiyou army. In people's mind at that time, it was not the privilege of dragons to give rain. Fengbo, Rain God and others can also pray for rain. Only later, with the promotion of dragon worship, the names of other rain seekers gradually declined and eventually disappeared. It seems that no one can tell what the dragon looks like. Luo Song is willing to be in eryayi? The image of the dragon is summarized in "Release the Dragon": "The horn is like a deer, the head is like a camel, the eyes are like a rabbit, the neck is like a snake, the abdomen is like a dragonfly, the scales are like a fish, the claws are like an eagle, the palm is like a tiger, and the ears are like an ox". It seems that even the ancients have to admit that the so-called dragon is a hodgepodge of different animals. However, in a very vulgar phrase, "it comes from life above life." Of course, the reason why a dragon is a dragon is not only because it has the characteristics of different animals, but also because it has unparalleled divine power. It manipulates wind, rain and lightning, and it reflects fog, glow and rainbow. It is deep, remote and mysterious. It is a collection of natural forces, representing the powerful and incredible. People are afraid of nature that they can't understand. The descendants of the Chinese people learned its awakening from the "rumbling" thunder and abstracted its name-dragon. It is precisely because the dragon is only a fuzzy collection of all kinds of known and unknown things that its image changes greatly and varies with time and space. Candle dragon, Ying Long, Xiaolong, Keelung, Panlong, Keelung, Solanum nigrum ... all kinds of dragons come together, and almost a book on dragon taxonomy can be compiled. The differences and connections between them are sometimes clear and sometimes vague. For example, do dragons have wings? This question is difficult to answer. According to textual research, pterosaurs and pterosaurs coexist in the cultural relics unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, all the dragon wings became one or two streamers. This shows that the image of the dragon is constantly changing. There may be many reasons for this change: first, it is related to the change of the role played by the dragon. In Shang dynasty, dragons were often carved on bronzes for sacrifice. In order to show the prestige of the gods, the image of the dragon is solemn and full of shock. In the Spring and Autumn Period, people no longer confined the image of the dragon to ritual vessels, but began to appear on daily necessities, such as mirrors and silks. In order to be closer to life, the image of the dragon has gradually become gentle and more cordial. However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the image of the dragon was monopolized by the emperor and used for the decoration of royal buildings. When the dragon bared its teeth on the eaves beam, it became arrogant again. In modern times, I'm afraid no one will believe that dragons are gods, and dragon patterns can be used casually, so the image of dragons has become more casual and plastic. I'm afraid my ancestors never dreamed that the dragon would become a silly and lovely image in comics. Secondly, it may also be related to the improvement of the painter's painting ability. In primitive times, the image of the dragon was rather rough. On the one hand, because they are monsters, they just need to look terrible, and the details are avoided. On the other hand, even if painters in the wild wanted to paint dragons in a decent way, they couldn't. So at that time, there was no standard for what the dragon looked like. Later, with the steady development of social culture and economy, painters painted more and more beautiful pictures, and people were no longer satisfied with the shape, but wanted to examine similarities. This requires standardizing the image of the dragon. However, because different people have different understandings, the theories of drawing dragons are varied and the differences are obvious, so there are all kinds of dragons. Secondly, I'm afraid it's because of rumors. If you talk too much, rumors will come true, especially in China. Here, the author only gives an example. According to legend, in ancient times, Emperor Yao had an excellent music official named Kui. Yao once praised him and said, "Kuiyi is enough." It means: one person like Kui is enough. Unfortunately, there were no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese, so people inexplicably took this sentence as "a loss, a foot." It means: hey, only one foot. Later, some self-righteous people linked the legendary Solanum nigrum with this misinformation, saying that Solanum nigrum had a foot. So in the legend of China, a dragon with only one foot ran out. There is a high probability that the dragon in literary works appears in China's literary works. Poetry, words, songs, novels, plays ... hardly. Qu Yuan wrote in Li Sao: "I drive a flying dragon, and the miscellaneous Yao elephant thinks it is a car. Why can I centrifuge? I will be much more comfortable and comfortable. " Taking dragons as mounts seems to be a pleasure for many literati. This is because in ancient times, the idea of cultivating immortals was very popular, and scholars often hoped to bid farewell to the intrigue in the real world. The extraordinary dragon, on the other hand, undertakes the obligation of attraction and becomes a means of transportation for great writers to go to heaven. For example, in Chapter 12 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei and Cao Cao once had a discussion about dragons, and Cao Cao also made many comments-"Dragons can be big or small, but they can be raised or hidden; The big one smokes, and the small one hides ... ". On the surface, The Change of the Dragon is actually a pun, but aside from politics, Duan Long's description is really wonderful. Anyone familiar with The Romance of Three Kingdoms knows that Zhuge Liang is called "Wolong" and Pang Tong is called "Feng Chu", which are all worth pondering. Throughout the ages, people have always used dragons and phoenixes as metaphors for heroes between people. People who are called dragons, if not born in an imperial family, are often talented and upright, a little talented and a little narcissistic. Is this the kind of person that China people appreciate? It's hard to say. But from the appellation of dragon and phoenix, the author also thinks of another point: many people will think that dragon is yang, phoenix is yin, and they are husband and wife. But in fact, the ancients did oppose the dragon and the phoenix, but they didn't always emphasize the gender opposition (in other words, in ancient Chinese, phoenix and phoenix were husband and wife, phoenix was a man and phoenix was a woman). It is only the idea of harmony between yin and yang that makes dragons and phoenixes divided into men and women. On the other hand, although dragons are powerful, they will also be very poor. In The Journey to the West, at first, a dragon lost his head under Wei Zhi because he didn't obey the law. It can be concluded that the dragon is not always regarded as the embodiment of the emperor, otherwise a literary inquisition will be set up to cut off the dragon's head. It seems that Wu Cheng'en also intends to prove that dragons are not so sacred. In the following The Journey to the West, the living conditions of the dragons were not improved. First, the Dragon King of the Four Seas was killed by Monkey Sun with a stick, and then the Prince of the Dragon King was forced to be a white horse under the Tang Priest's leg because he violated dogma. ...