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Hanshu, also known as pre-Hanshu, was written by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It records the history of about 230 years from the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Wangmang of the New Dynasty (23 BC). Hanshu is another important historical book after Shiji, and it is the first biographical dynastic history in China.
Stylistically, Hanshu includes 12 years, 8 tables, 10 records, 70 biographies and * * * 100 articles, with a total volume of 120 and more than 800,000 words.
The language of Hanshu is neat, versatile and elegant, which is in sharp contrast with the colloquial words of Shiji, creating a precedent for biographical history books in China and occupying an important position in the history of historiography.
Story skills
Ban Gu's father, Ban Biao, was named Xu County Magistrate because he was good at writing. He wanted to write a work similar to Sima Qian's Historical Records, but he died before he finished it. Ban Gu intended to fulfill his father's unfulfilled wish, so he began a long creative process.
When Emperor Han Ming was in power, Ban Gu was falsely accused of privately changing the history of the country and put in Luoyang prison. His manuscript was also checked and sent to Emperor Han Ming. Emperor Han Ming personally reviewed it and was soon attracted by the articles inside. He felt that the article was well written, not only did he not reform the national history privately, but he mostly stood in a more objective position. At the same time, Ban Gu's younger brother, Ban Chao, also went to war on behalf of Shu to rehabilitate his younger brother, which shows that Ban Gu is just writing history books, and there is no difference.
Soon, Emperor Han Ming summoned Ban Gu. He found that Ban Gu was outstanding, brilliant and unique in seeing problems, so he pardoned his crime, made him a history of Lantai, and later promoted him to be a secretary of canon studies. Since then, Ban Gu has been able to consult a large number of materials, and the creation of history books that was once interrupted has resumed.
Ban Gu's mother died, so he resigned and went home to mourn. Since then, he has devoted himself to writing Hanshu for more than 20 years and completed most of the manuscripts and chapters of Hanshu. Before Hanshu was finished, many people scrambled to copy it.
Shortly after Emperor Wu ascended the throne, there were frequent Xiongnu wars between the Han Dynasty and the north. General Dou Xian valued Ban Gu. In the first year of Yongyuan (89), he led the army to the north to levy Xiongnu, and set Ban Gu as his staff. Later, he defeated the Huns, and Ban Gu was famous for carving stones for him in Yanran. Later, Han and Emperor confiscated Dou Xian's relieving power and made him commit suicide. It also implicated Ban Gu. At that time, Luoyang made a complaint about Ban Gu, so he took the opportunity to sue Luo Zhi and put Ban Gu in prison. Although his family tried their best to save him from prison, they failed. In the 4th year of Yongyuan (92), Ban Gu died in prison at the age of 6 1. His Hanshu is not finished either. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Ban Gu's sister Ban Zhao and a man named to continue writing the rest, and this great history book was finally completed.
knowledge base
Nothing ventured, nothing gained-nothing ventured, nothing gained; If you want to find pearls, you must dive underwater.
Emperor Hanming of the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Ban Chao to the Western Regions to establish contact with Shanshan (near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). Ban Chao came to the Western Regions. King Shanshan personally greeted him out of the city and regarded Ban Chao as a guest of honor. A few days later, the Huns also sent messengers, and King Shanshan warmly entertained them.
The next day, King Shanshan was very cold to Ban Chao, and even sent someone to watch them. Ban Chao summoned everyone to discuss countermeasures, saying, "Only by getting rid of the Xiongnu emissary can we dispel the master's doubts and reconcile the two countries." But the Xiongnu soldiers were more closely guarded than Ma Zhuang. Ban Chao said, "Nothing ventured, nothing gained!" That night, Ban Chao came to the Xiongnu camp with his soldiers. Playing drums and shouting, while setting fire to the tent. Xiongnu chaos was either killed by fire or by disorderly arrows.
In the end, Shanshan made up with the Eastern Han Dynasty.