First, the principle of pulse formation
(A) the formation of direct factors
1. Heart and pulse are the main organs that form pulse conditions.
(1) heartbeat is the driving force of pulse condition, and heart qi is directly related to pulse condition.
(2) Pulse is the channel of qi and blood circulation, which can inhibit and promote blood flow.
2. Qi and blood are the material basis of pulse formation: Qi and blood filling directly affects pulse condition.
(2) indirect factors: the influence of other zang-fu organs on pulse formation.
1. Lung: the lung governs qi, regulates breathing, and pulses.
2. Spleen and stomach: Spleen and stomach are the source of qi and blood biochemistry, and spleen governs blood.
3. Liver: The liver stores blood, regulates blood and regulates qi.
4. Kidney: Kidney stores essence, which is the root of vitality.
Second, the location, method and matters needing attention of pulse diagnosis
(A) the location of the pulse melody
There are three methods for pulse diagnosis, three-inch mouth handle full body examination.
In ancient times, three people greeted each other when visiting the head, hands and feet.
At present, feel the pulse and measure it left and right.
Left heart, small intestine, hepatobiliary kidney, right lung, large intestine, spleen and stomach.
(1) comes from: nine waiting modes in Suzhou and Wenzhou. This is an ancient method of pulse diagnosis.
(2) Points and significance: points, hands and feet are divided into three parts, and each part is divided into three parts, so it is called the three-part nine-waiting multi-diagnosis method.
Pulse localization of full-time diagnosis and its clinical significance
2. Three-part diagnosis
(1) from: Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing in Han Dynasty.
(2) Division and significance: it is divided into three veins: Minying, Cunkou and Fuyang. Among them, the inch mouth treats the twelve meridians, welcomes guests, and the yang treats the stomach. There is also the combination of foot shaoyin (Taixi point) and kidney.
3. Inch oral diagnosis
Cunkou, also known as air port or pulse port, is located behind the radial artery of the wrist.
(1) Origin: It was first seen in Neijing. For details, see Difficult Classics, and it is popular in Pulse Classics.
(2) Theoretical basis: There are two points on the basis of taking one inch.
① Cunkou is the artery of Taiyin's hand-lung meridian, where qi and blood converge, and the qi and blood of the five internal organs converge in the lung, so the pathological changes of viscera can be reflected in Cunkou.
② The lung meridian originates from the middle jiao, which belongs to the Taiyin with the spleen, and the spleen and stomach are the source of qi and blood metaplasia. The source of pulse qi begins in the stomach, loses in the spleen and enters the five internal organs. After the action of the five internal organs, the hundred pulses face the lung, which can be reflected in the pulse condition of the cunkou due to the pathological changes of the viscera.
(3) Division and significance: Cunkou is divided into three parts. Marked by the high bone (styloid process of radius), the inside of it is Guan, one inch in front of Guan (wrist end) and one foot behind Guan (elbow end), and the hands are combined into six veins.
Visceral connection
(2) Methods and precautions of pulse diagnosis
The morning pulse detection effect is good, and the internal and external quiet interference is less.
Adjust your breathing, calm your heartbeat and keep your pulse clear.
The palm is facing the upper end, and the high bone behind the palm is arranged in two levels.
The front name is the front inch, and the elbow is the side inch.
Three fingers with the same name always press and one finger breaks.
Sinking is to lift by floating and find between floating and sinking.
1. pulse time
(1) It is best to feel the pulse in the early morning and at other times, but in a quiet environment.
(2) In a calm state, the complete breath of each pulse-taking should not be less than 65438 0 minutes, which is 50 strokes as thought by the ancients.
2. Body position
(1) Sit or lie on your back.
(2) The forearm is flat, the palm is up, the arm is almost flush with the heart, and a pulse pillow is placed under the wrist.
(3) Incorrect posture will affect local blood circulation and pulse condition.
3. Shiatsu pulse
fingering
Third, pulse elements and pulse characteristics
(1) pulse element
1. Traditional pulse elements: The four aspects of thinking, number, shape and potential are often analyzed and summarized in the literature, and pulse conditions are summarized by four elements.
2. Modern pulse elements: Modern research divides pulse elements into eight aspects: position, quantity, length, width, strength, fluency and uniformity. Different combinations of these features show different pulse patterns.
Modern pulse condition elements
(B) Pingmai characteristic melody
A flat pulse must have the root of stomach qi, which is calm and regular.
Combining rigidity with softness, the spirit is not lost, and the pulse of the ruler is deeply rooted.
Spring strings float in autumn, summer pulse is broad, and winter pulse is different.
It is normal for an inch mouth to fly obliquely without pulse.
Women count fat and sink their pulse, while thin and floating children drink fast.
If you like to slow down your panic and anger, you will be anxious, and there will be strong and weak.
A flat pulse is a normal pulse.
1. pulse shape is flat: three pulses, one breath and four, neither floating nor sinking, neither too big nor too small, calm and gentle, soft and powerful, with the same rhythm, the ruler pulse has a certain intensity, which changes normally with different physiological activities and climatic environment.
2. Characteristics of flat pulse: stomach, spirit and root. Normal pulse condition
3. Physiological changes of flat pulse: With the influence of internal and external factors of human body, flat pulse has corresponding physiological changes.
(1) Internal factors affecting flat pulse
① Gender: Female pulse is weaker and slightly faster than male pulse. When a woman is pregnant after marriage, her pulse tends to slip and rush.
② Age: The younger the age, the faster the pulse. Young people are strong and have a strong pulse; The old man's pulse is weak.
③ Constitution: A person with a tall figure has a long pulse. Short people have shorter veins. Thin people have thin muscles and a frequent pulse. Obese people have thick subcutaneous fat and heavy pulse. How slow and powerful the athlete's pulse is. All common six-pulse, which is thin but asymptomatic, is called six-yin pulse. Six-pulse flood is equal, but asymptomatic, which is called six-yang pulse.
④ Emotion: Temporary mental stimulation, pulse condition also changed. If you are happy, you will feel sad, your pulse will be slow, if you are angry, your pulse will be urgent, and if you are shocked, your pulse will return to normal.
⑤ Work and rest: After strenuous exercise and long journey, the pulse is more acute. How slow is the pulse after people fall asleep. People who do mental work have a weaker pulse than manual workers.
⑥ Diet: The pulse after drinking after meals is mostly strong; When you are hungry, your pulse is a little slow and weak.
⑦ Anatomy: If the pulse does not appear at the mouth of the inch, but inclines from the foot to the back of the hand, it is called oblique flying pulse. If the pulse appears on the back of Cunkou, it is called anti-Guan pulse.
(2) External factors affecting flat pulse
① Four-season climate: Therefore, the four-season climate in Pingmai has the changes of spring string, summer flood, autumn floating and winter sinking.
② Geographical environment: The south is located in a low climate, the climate is warmer, the air is humid, and the human muscles are sluggish, so the pulse is soft or slightly counted; In the north, the terrain is high, the air is dry, the climate is cold, and human muscles are tight, so the pulse is heavy and firm.
③ Time: The pulse is strong during the day and slow at night.
Four, common pulse condition and its clinical significance
Modern times are discussed from the twenty-eight veins.
(1) vein
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
Floating veins only go up from meat, as light as elm pods;
Floating pulse is a disease of yang exterior, and long-term illness meets yang deficiency.
The flood pulse comes naturally and looks like a wave when it goes down;
Pulse full of yang and blood should be deficient, and fever can be driven by fire.
The shape of the raft is very light, and the water surface floats involuntarily;
When the water is wet, you can see the tidal pulse, and there is also a state of blood stasis and yin deficiency.
Scattered like a small flower, hard to chase;
The birth of a baby is a miscarriage, and the dissipation of vitality is almost death.
Dragonflies are as light as onions and have empty edges.
Large amount of blood loss, weak pulse condition, and poor bleeding and dead pulse.
The skin vein is like pressing the drum skin, and the floating finger is hard and strange;
The woman had a half-life relationship, and the man abandoned wet dream.
vein
(2) Sinking pulse class
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
Water moistens the lower pulse, and the bones and muscles are soft and smooth;
Heavy and strong evidence, weak and heavy and weak evidence.
Fumai pushes the tendons to find the bones, and the fingers move deeply;
The syndrome of extremely painful syncope caused by pathogenic factors, too much breath to help yang attack on the front line.
The string is long and the pulse is strong, and the prison position is always ups and downs;
Blood loss and yin deficiency avoid this phenomenon, and the heart is sore.
Weak to soft, soft to ups and downs;
Lack of qi and blood, consuming yin and gas, will still make the elderly feel sad in their adolescence.
Sinking pulse level
(3) delay pulse
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
Those who arrive late only get three points in one breath, but they are not overcome by yin, and their blood is cold;
Strong means late means cold and pain, and late means weak means weak.
Soft pulse four four, willow tip gently blowing;
I want to be proud of my pulse, just want to be calm and gentle.
It is difficult to communicate with each other in a short time, and it should be vaguely between the fingers;
Less astringent blood or minor injuries, blood stasis, qi stagnation and phlegm.
When the pulse condition slows down, Yin alone wins Yang.
Cold phlegm, blood stasis, decreased qi activity, and abnormal congenital endowment.
Delayed pulse
(4) pulse counting
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
A breath of six to several pulses is broken, and yin and yang are full of madness;
The ups and downs are true and false, but the son remains the same.
At seven or eight o'clock, the anode yin is exhausted;
Strenuous exercise is common, so the baby need not panic.
When the pulse number accelerates and stops, it shows that the anode is dying;
Turbidity of qi and blood, stagnation of diet, deficiency of essence, qi, yin and blood in five internal organs.
The artery shakes several times, and there is no head and no pea-like mass;
Arteries specialize in treating painful shock, and shock arteries know chaos.
Digital pulse class
(5) Deficiency pulse type
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
Too late, the general assembly will relax, and the pulse will be boundless;
Deficiency of qi and blood, yin and yang, spontaneous sweating, palpitation and fright.
Fine to heavy as silk, it should mean heavy and infinite;
Young people are not good in spring and summer, and they are tired and tired.
Micro-pulse is weak, as if nothing had happened;
Qi and blood are weak, pulse condition is weak, and the death of Yang will lead to shock.
If you don't move, you can't return it. You can do it again.
Foul essence, wind pain, seven emotions, panic, injury.
The contraction at both ends is called short, and the closing is slow and difficult;
Shortness and weakness are mainly qi deficiency, while strength and weakness are qi depression.
Virtual pulse class
(6) Real pulse type
Rhyme the formula/description (easy to remember)
The ups and downs are big and long, which should mean that there is nothing but reality;
Empirical gas pain is different, delirium hurts food or madness.
Slippery pulse, but smooth communication, but still before;
Most people eat phlegm in the tropics, and when the female pulse is adjusted, there will be a fetus.
Lift it like a rope, cut it like a rope, and make the pulse situation famous all over the world;
It is always caused by cold pathogen, with internal abdominal pain and external pain.
The string pulse is straight and long, and the Muwangtu should hurt the liver meridian;
String should be wrapped around the liver and gallbladder, phlegm cold fever malaria in spring.
The long pulse is even in size and abnormal as a rope;
If it is not Yang-toxic epilepsy, it is Yangming's fever.
True pulse class