Love donkey
Le Zhu Jun
A person is rich and stingy, and is good to his son and mother. Later, when I was old and had difficulty traveling, I bought a donkey to walk instead of walking. The nurse is even, not very tired, never willing to saddle, the donkey is out of the crotch, but four years old.
It's a long way to go in the heat, so I have to stay with the donkey. The middle man gasped, but got on the donkey and galloped for two or three miles. The donkey can't ride a horse, but it can breathe. Weng was so scared that he untied his saddle. The donkey thought it was over and went back to the old road. Weng called the donkey in a hurry, but the donkey ignored him. Be careful to catch up. Afraid of the donkey's death, dare not abandon the saddle. He hurried home because of the saddle and asked eagerly, "Is the donkey there?" His son said, "The donkey is here." Weng is Fuxi. As soon as Xu put the saddle on, he was so tired that his back cracked and he hurt the summer heat. He was ill for over a month.
Translation:
There was an old man who was both rich and stingy. He is good at business, idles away his time and has no debt. Later, because I was old and it was difficult to walk, I bought a donkey to walk and stopped walking. I just cherish it very much, I am not very sleepy and tired, and I never want to get on the donkey. Donkeys are ridden by the elderly (times), no more than four times a year.
In the hottest weather, I have something important to go far away, so I must take my donkey. Halfway through, the old man was out of breath, so he got on the donkey and ran two or three miles. Donkeys are not used to riding horses and are out of breath. Surprised, the old man hurried down (from the donkey) and untied his saddle. The donkey thought it was a rest and came back gracefully. The old man was busy calling the donkey, and the donkey left without looking back, unable to catch up. The old man was very afraid of losing the donkey and the saddle, so he ran home with the saddle on his back and hurriedly asked, "Is the donkey back?" His son said, "The donkey is here. The old man is happy again. " Slowly put down the saddle, began to feel heavy back pain in my feet, and suffered from the summer heat. I was sick for only one month.
There are no donkeys in Guizhou. A lively person carried (a donkey) into (Guizhou) by boat, but it was useless after it was transported, so it was put at the foot of the mountain. Tigers regard it as a monster and a god. (Tiger) peeked in the Woods. Come out and approach, be careful not to understand. One day, the donkey gave a cry, and the tiger was very scared and ran away, thinking that (the donkey) was going to eat itself. He was afraid, but (the tiger) observed from time to time and felt that (the donkey) had nothing special. (Tiger) gradually got used to the donkey's bark, approached it again and appeared before and after it, but never dared to attack the donkey. (Tiger) Approaching the donkey, teasing it more casually, bumping, approaching, bumping and offending. The donkey couldn't help getting angry and kicked the tiger with his hoof. The tiger was happy and thought about it. I thought, "That donkey can only do so much!" " So the tiger jumped over, roared loudly, bit the donkey's throat and ate its meat before leaving. Alas! It looks virtuous, with a huge appearance and a loud voice. Tiger didn't see the donkey's skill at first. Although he was fierce, suspicious and scared, he didn't dare to hunt donkeys after all. What a sad ending now!
To annotate ...
1, selected from Liuhe Dongji. Qian (qián) is the middle road of Qian in Tang Dynasty, which governs Lishui River Basin in Hunan, Qingjiang River Basin in Hubei, Qianjiang River Basin in Chongqing and parts of northeast Guizhou. Later, Guizhou Province was called Guizhou. Liu Zongyuan (773-8 19) was a writer in the Tang Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a leader of the ancient prose movement. He and Han Yu are also called "Liu Han, known as Liu Hedong in the world".
2, good (Hao) people: people who like to meddle.
3. Ship entry: The ship (donkey) entered Guizhou. By boat, I mean by boat. Use, conjunction, equivalent to east and west.
4. to: Arrive. Then: But
5, huge, huge appearance.
6, thinking about God: thinking, taking (it) as. Use, put. Because, as. God, something amazing. Think of it as a god
7. Peeping through the Woods: Hiding in the Woods and peeking. Hide, hide, hide. Peep, peek.
8. approach: approach it. Slightly: gradually. Close the door, close the door.
9. Yi Yi (yìnyìn) naturally: Be cautious.
10, Mo Xiangzhi: I don't know (what is it). Mo, the sign, here refers to the movement biased to one side, that is, one side (tiger) moves to the other side (donkey), rather than the way the two sides look at each other.
1 1, scary: very scared.
12, yuan dun: escape to the distance. Escape: escape.
13, want to eat yourself. And: Will. Bite: bite. Think, think.
14 However, it depends. Ran: The wind and water have turned, but. Come and go: come and go. I saw it; Observe.
15, I feel that I have no special skills; Alien: Special.
16, Xi: Be familiar with "Xi". Benefits: gradually. Learn its voice: get used to the donkey's voice.
17, finally afraid to fight: finally afraid to attack. Hit: hit, jump.
18, near: (1) A little closer. Approaching: Adjectives are used as verbs to approach.
(2) It is better to be closer. Slightly: gradually. Approach: to enter, approach.
19, Yi: Geng.
20.xiá: Close but not solemn.
2 1, swinging, tilting and rushing: the collision is close to the collision. Swing, bump. Lean against, close to. Rush, impact, impact. At the risk of offending. Describe the way tigers laugh and tease donkeys.
22. The donkey is angry. Overwhelmed: I can't bear it anymore. If you win, you can bear it or endure it.
23, hoof: nouns as verbs, kicking with hooves.
24, because: so, just
25. Plan it: Plan it. One: refers to the situation that the donkey can only kick when he is angry.
26, skills stop here: skills: skills, skills. Stop: only, only. This: So. Ear: That's all.
27, because: so.
28. liáng: Jump.
29,? (h m: n): It's the same as "ho", ho.
30, all: light. (After eating)
3 1, that is, only.
32. Go: Leave
3. Explaining donkeys in classical Chinese aims at satirizing those who are incompetent and willful; Connecting with the author's political experience, we can see that this article satirizes some upper-class people in the ruling group at that time, who were arrogant, bullying and afraid of hard work, lacking talent and virtue, and being strong outside and weak inside. In addition, "three precepts" is the general title of the three articles. Taking Donkey of Guizhou as the title of this article also shows the direction of the author's ironic intention. But we can also understand the moral of this article from a negative perspective, not from the perspective that the donkey is eaten by the tiger: seemingly powerful things are not terrible, as long as we dare to fight and are good at fighting, we will certainly win the battle. & lt/CA & gt；
Qian Donkey is one of the three commandments written by Liu Zongyuan. The Three Commandments contains three fables: the elk in Linjiang, the donkey in Guizhou and the mouse in Yongmou. This article is the second one, which tells the story of a donkey being eaten by a tiger.
This article is profound in meaning, targeted and realistic. In the preface to the Three Commandments, the author said: "I am a vicious person. I don't know how to push myself and others, but I take advantage of it to show off, or I take advantage of the situation and get angry when I steal pleasure." However, death is a disaster. It is harmful to elk, donkeys and mice, as if they are things, and they commit three commandments. "It can be seen that the author wrote these three fables to warn the world: if you don't express your ambitions unconsciously, it will inevitably lead to disaster.
However, Mi, Qian's donkey and Yong's mouse wrote three expressions of "putting on a show without knowing how to push others": "talking about things, getting angry with others" and "using violence when stealing".
So, specifically, this article aims to satirize those who are incompetent and arrogant; Connecting with the author's political experience, we can see that this article satirizes some upper-class people in the ruling group at that time, who were arrogant, bullying and afraid of hard work, lacking talent and virtue, and being strong outside and weak inside. In addition, "three precepts" is the general title of the three articles. Taking Donkey of Guizhou as the title of this article also shows the direction of the author's ironic intention. But we can also understand the moral of this article from a negative perspective, not from the perspective that the donkey is eaten by the tiger: seemingly powerful things are not terrible, as long as we dare to fight and are good at fighting, we will certainly win the battle.
4. Guizhou donkey classical Chinese translation Guizhou (Guizhou doesn't mean Guizhou here) originally there were no donkeys in this place, but a nosy person came to this place (a donkey) by boat. It's useless after it's shipped. It's at the foot of the mountain. When the tiger saw that it was a monster, he regarded it as a god and hid in the Woods to watch it secretly. (Tiger) Come out carefully and get close to it, not knowing what it is.
One day, the donkey gave a cry, and the tiger was very scared and ran away, thinking that (the donkey) was going to bite himself, very scared. But looking back and forth, I don't think it has any special features. (Tiger) gradually became familiar with the donkey barking and approached back and forth, but never struggled with it. (Tiger) getting closer and closer to the donkey, his attitude is more cordial and not solemn, so he offends it by bumping. The donkey was very angry and kicked the tiger with his hoof. The tiger was so happy that he thought for a moment and said, "That's the skill of the donkey!" " "So he jumped up and growled, bit the donkey's throat and ate up its meat before leaving.
Alas! It looks virtuous, with a huge appearance and a loud voice. Tiger didn't see the donkey's skill at first. Although he was fierce, suspicious and scared, he didn't dare to hunt donkeys after all. What a sad ending now!
5. What do you mean by listening and writing in Zhuge Ke's donkey Zhuge Ke's donkey? Zhuge Ke is the eldest son of Zhuge Liang's brother Zhu Gejin. Zhuge Ke's father, Zhu Gejin, has a long and narrow face like a donkey. One day, Sun Quan called his ministers and sent someone to bring a donkey with a long label on its face. Write: Zhuge Yuzi. Zhuge Ke knelt down and said, "Begging for a pen." So he gave him a pen. Zhuge Ke went on to write, "Dear Donkey." Everyone present laughed. So Sun Quan gave the donkey to Zhuge Ke. You must learn to translate: a person should be bold and enterprising, but consider things carefully and thoroughly; Your wisdom should be flexible, but your behavior should be correct and generous. Great ambition is inseparable from talent, and great talent is inseparable from diligent study and hard practice. Reading is not memorizing, but exploring why things should be done, such as personal practice. Zhuge Liang, who lives in seclusion in Nanyang, can only be the prime minister when he appears, and Han Xin in Huaiyin will be worshipped as a general if he is reused. They are all outstanding talents in the world. This is the result of being good at learning at ordinary times. A person with lofty aspirations should know this when reading. Otherwise, there will be too many people in the world who can read and write articles but are not good at being an official. Li Taibai's mausoleum is located at the source of the river in the quarry. Many poets come and go there to write poems and chant Li Bai, and all of them are written in front of the tomb. One of them wrote a sonnet: "On the Quarry River." What a correct statement (truth) ... Fan Zhongyan's family is poor. When he was studying in Du Nan College, he always cooked two liters of rice and cooked a pot of porridge. After a night of solidification, he cut it into four pieces with a knife, eating two pieces in the morning, two pieces in the evening and some pickles. He left a son to study with him. Fan Zhongyan said, "It's not that I don't thank you for your kindness. It's just that I have been eating porridge for a long time and my heart is very stable. I want to enjoy such a sumptuous meal now. How can I eat this bowl of porridge again? " .
6. Donkeys like to eat grass. How to put it in classical Chinese, they wasted their time, were light without debt, but passed the donkey hurdle and returned gracefully.
The old man is busy calling the donkey. Xu's saddle, the donkey comes out of Weng's crotch, the responsibility is not empty, it is difficult to walk, and the donkey is not used to riding
(The old man) is very afraid of losing the donkey. Even cherish.
Just cherish it very much. It's worth the summer heat, so I need to ask.
Slowly put down the saddle, and the donkey head went away without looking back: Love donkeys, and be happy with rich and stingy people? "My son said that donkeys don't learn to ride, for fear of losing their saddles." Weng Naifu was happy, so he got on the donkey and felt his feet cracked. He chased after it.
"The old man is happy again," said the good mother. The donkey is here. He is good at business. Later, I was old: "If the donkey is here, it will be difficult to walk for two or three miles. I will buy the donkey and go, not more than four times a year."
I'm afraid of the death of the donkey, but I can't catch up with it. I have something important to go far away. The donkey thought it was over.
On the way, the old man was out of breath, and the donkey was ridden by the old man. He was not very tired, but he was afraid to abandon the saddle and refused to follow it. He came home because of the saddle, but he was only four years old. "His son said that there is a cable E68A84E8A2aD7A686964616f3133363373064 in a far place. After running for two or three miles, I was panting, so I had to share it with the donkey and take it with me.
Halfway through, Weng gasped and fled back to the old road: "Here is the donkey: there is an old man who is rich, stingy and has a breath. Later, because of old age.
Weng was so scared that he untied his saddle. Weng was in a hurry to call the donkey, so he ran home with a saddle on his back. He was caught in the summer heat again and asked anxiously. He has heatstroke again. He began to feel heavy feet and back pain. He was ill for more than a month and refused to get on the donkey, so he bought a donkey to walk instead of walking.
The donkey thinks he is resting (nothing) and not very sleepy and tired. At the hottest time of the day.
Surprised, the old man hurried down (from the donkey) and untied the saddle: "Is the donkey back?" It will be fine after a month of illness. "
7. ZhuGeZhiYu donkey classical Chinese translation [original]
Zhuge Ke is the eldest son of Zhuge Liang's brother Jin. But Father Kim looks like a donkey. The next day, Sun Quan's ministers brought a donkey in, studied it for a long time, and called it Zhuge Yuzi. However, he knelt down and said, "seek the benefit of the pen." Listen and write. But he continued, "Donkey." Lift your seat and laugh. Power is given by donkeys.
[translation]
Zhuge Ke is the eldest son of Zhuge Liang's brother Zhu Gejin. Zhuge Ke's father, Zhu Gejin, has a long and narrow face like a donkey. One day, Sun Quan called his ministers and sent someone to bring a donkey. He hung a long label on the donkey's face, which read: Zhuge Yuzi. Zhuge Ke knelt down and said, "Please add two words to a sum." So I gave him a pen. Zhuge Ke went on to write, "Dear Donkey." Everyone present laughed. So Sun Quan gave the donkey to Zhuge Ke.
[brief comment]
This is a historical story in classical Chinese, which tells how Zhuge Ke turned embarrassment into farce and turned the corner with his own intelligence. Zhuge Ke's cleverness stands out from the side.
8. Classical Chinese translation of "Guizhou Donkey" There are no donkeys in Guizhou, but there are good people on board.
At best, it's useless Let it go down the mountain. When the tiger saw it, he thought it was a monster and a god, hiding in the forest.
Come closer, you are so angry that you don't know each other. One day, the donkey will bark and the tiger will be frightened and far away; I'm afraid I will eat myself.
However, when you watch it, you will feel that you are omnipotent; I learned its sound, and I was close to it, but I was afraid to fight. Closer to the benefits, wobbly and confusing.
The donkey won't get angry, but it can walk. The tiger was very happy and said, "Stop it!" " He broke his throat because he jumped off the building and tried his best to leave.
Hey! The grandeur of the shape is also virtuous, and the grandeur of the sound is also powerful, and its skills cannot be learned. Although the tiger is fierce and suspicious, the pawn dare not take it. What a pity! Edit this comment from Liuhe East Collection.
Qian (qián) is the middle road of Qian in Tang Dynasty, which governs Lishui River Basin in Hunan, Qingjiang River Basin in Hubei, Qianjiang River Basin in Chongqing and parts of northeast Guizhou. Later, Guizhou Province was called Guizhou.
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was a writer in the Tang Dynasty, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a leader of the ancient prose movement. He and Han Yu are also called "Liu Han" and are known as Liu Hedong in the world. Hao: A nosy person.
To transport (a donkey) into Guizhou. By boat, I mean by boat.
With, a conjunction, is equivalent to and. To: Arrive.
Then: But. Huge: a huge appearance.
Take ... as. Peek in the Woods: to peek in the Woods.
Hide, hide, hide. Peep, peek.
Closer: Step out gradually and get close to it. Slightly: gradually.
Close the door, close the door. Y √ y √ n: cautious eyes.
No: I don't know. Don't.
Terror: Very scared. Big: Very.
Scary, fearful escape: Escape to a distant place.
Escape: escape. Far: Far away.
Want to bite yourself: want to bite yourself. And: Will.
Bite: bite. Thinking: thinking.
However, regard it. Ran: The wind and water have turned, but.
Come and go: come and go. Vision: observation.
I don't think (donkey) has any special skills. Alien: Special.
Learn its voice: get used to the donkey's voice. Xi: Familiarity, habit.
Y: gradually. Never dare to fight: never dare to attack it.
Hit: hit, jump. Slightly: gradually.
Approach: to enter, approach. Benefits: more.
Xiá: Close but not solemn. Swing, tilt and rush: describe the way tigers despise and tease donkeys.
Swing, bump. Lean against, close to.
Rush, impact, impact. At the risk of offending.
The donkey is angry. Invincible: Very, very successful, can you endure or endure.
Hoof: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and kicked with hooves. Reason: Therefore.
Plan: Plan it. Count: calculate.
One: refers to the situation that the donkey can only kick when he is angry. So much for skills: skills: skills, skills.
Stop: only, only. This: So.
Ear: That's all. Reason: So.
Li Ang: Jump. Pei (h ǐ n): Ho.
Do it: eat it up. Yes: only.
Go: Leave. There are no donkeys in this part of Guizhou province, but a nosy man took a donkey to Guizhou by boat.
It's no use transporting (coming back), just (just) put (down) the mountain. A tiger saw it, thought it was a huge guy, regarded it as a sacred object, and hid in the Woods to peek.
(After a while) (Tiger) came out gradually, approached it, and watched it carefully, not knowing what it was. One day, the donkey barked and the tiger was very afraid. He fled far away, thinking that he would bite himself. He was very scared.
But looking back and forth, I feel that (it) has no special skills; (Tiger) gradually became familiar with (heard) the donkey's bark, then approached (heard) and appeared in front of (it), (but) never dared to attack (it), (Tiger) gradually approached (donkey), with a close but not solemn attitude, and (constantly) collided, approached, collided and offended the donkey. The donkey was very angry. The tiger was so happy that he thought for a moment and said, "That's it!" " So he jumped up, roared loudly, bit the donkey's throat and ate its meat before leaving.
Liu Zongyuan, the most representative editor of this passage, wrote a set of three fables: Linjiang Elk, Qianlv and Yongmouse. The author put them together and named them "Three Commandments", which has profound implications.
There are many words in the three commandments discussed by predecessors. Some people say that behind Liu Zongyuan's fable, "there must be a sentence that is the most powerful and penetrating" (Lin Shu's Korean Studies Law, Commercial Press, 1936 edition). The implication is that the author's own "comments" behind each fable are the most incisive explanations and comments on the contents of the fables. And what is this explanation and comment, Mr. Lin is vague.
In addition, some people think that "The Donkey of Guizhou" is a figure who satirizes the senior officials of the ruling group at that time, and it is also a person who has no talent and no virtue. Others think that he is clinging to and attacking his political opponents. Mr. Sun Changwu said: "The story that this donkey without virtue, incompetence and self-knowledge was eaten by a tiger" (referring to "Guizhou Donkey") "contains some irony. If we start from a monster, if we analyze the ending of the donkey's death because of a kick, we will draw a lesson without skill and bravado.
The phrase "the donkey is poor in skills" summed up from this story is a vivid description of the exhausted and vulnerable state of the enemy. Liu Zongyuan used "the donkey of Guizhou" as a metaphor for a giant who is strong outside and hollow inside, and so on.
The process of tiger's psychological change is that he is afraid of donkeys-knowing donkeys-eating donkeys-curious-fearful-suspicious-thinking that God is happy-not knowing-thinking that he eats himself-people who feel incompetent-finally dare not fight-and stop fighting. ) Edit the interchangeable word 1 in this paragraph. Stop this ear "Wei" and "Wei".
Edit the ancient and modern meaning of this paragraph 1. Slightly closer, ancient meaning: gradually emerging meaning: slightly. 2. Because of the big jump, the ancient meaning: so today's meaning: because of 3. Cut its throat and finish it, which means to go, the ancient meaning: the meaning of leaving the present: edit this paragraph as polysemy 1, thinking (1).