Regarding the Yellow Emperor as the head of the Five Emperors, what are the ancient books of the Chinese people's humanistic ancestors?

The Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, which is the knowledge of every Chinese son and daughter. Out of reverence for ancestors and consideration for strengthening the cohesion of the Chinese nation, many places now hold memorial activities for the Yellow Emperor every year, which should be said to be very meaningful. But every place is arguing that Huangdi is the surname of its own place. Or Huang Di was born in his own place, or Huang Di died in his own place ... Where is the surname of Huang Di? How did he become the same ancestor of our nation? As historians, we should have a scientific answer to these questions.

First of all, we should understand that the Yellow Emperor, as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, is only a cultural phenomenon, and it is the expression of the national psychological quality of the same culture of China people, which is different from the real history. The Chinese nation in China was formed in the Warring States Period. Some genealogy books about ancient emperors, such as Shi Ben, Di Si, Wu Di De, etc. The Yellow Emperor and other ancient emperors have been compiled in the same genealogy, and the Yellow Emperor is regarded as the earliest ancestor of these ancient emperors. Later, Sima Qian wrote historical records, and even included this genealogy in his chronicle of the Five Emperors, and listed the Yellow Emperor as the first of the earliest five emperors in China, and regarded him as the direct ancestor of these five emperors. Even the emperors of Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin said that he was a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. Due to the lofty position of Historical Records in people's minds, the ancestor status of the Yellow Emperor was established.

However, this ancient history system arranged according to the pedigree of the "Five Emperors" is not real history, nor does it conform to the reality of the development of ancient history, but it was artificially arranged by people at the end of the Warring States Period. The Yellow Emperor could not be the direct ancestor of all the five emperors and three kings, nor did he necessarily live before other ancient emperors. He and other ancient emperors were actually the leaders of clans and tribes with different blood relations in ancient China. They live in different periods and different regions, so they are not related by blood. At that time, there was no unified country like the later Qin and Han Dynasties, and there was no early country like Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

As early as the 1940s, Mr. Xu, a famous expert on ancient history in China, pointed out: "A concept that has been publicly recognized by Chinese historians in the past 20 years: at the beginning of China's recorded history, it was similar to the history of other nationalities. In other words, it is complex and synthetic, not single. " Before him, Mr. Gu Jiegang, a famous scholar of ancient history, also expressed the view that ancient tribes in China were not unified before the Spring and Autumn Period. In his view, it was only after the Spring and Autumn Period that the great powers conquered the small countries, the territory expanded day by day, the nationalities merged day by day, the racial concept faded, and the concept of great unification increased, so the legends of many national ancestors gradually gathered together, and these national ancestors unified into a pedigree or arrangement.

In fact, archaeological materials can also prove that the ancient Chinese nation did not come from monism. Judging from the numerous Neolithic sites excavated in various places, it is quite similar to the legendary Yellow Emperor era. It is true that the vast areas of Huanghuai and Jianghan in China are not only distributed with simple archaeological culture. Even in the Central Plains, its internal flora culture is self-contained. Some scholars use the word "starry sky" to describe the diversity of the origin of Chinese civilization, which should be said to be realistic. Although archaeological culture, that is, the material culture of the legendary tribal groups, can not be completely explained, it should be no problem to judge that the ancient tribes in the legendary era in China are not a source.

In short, no matter from which point of view, all clans and tribes and their leaders in the early Chinese civilization could not have come from a certain ancestor. The so-called "Five Emperors" system headed by the Yellow Emperor, which arranges the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of five emperors and three kings, can only come from the subjective consciousness of future generations. After long-term integration, the ancient tribes living in Huanghuai and Jianghan areas finally formed a unified Chinese nation and established their own new *.