In China, there are four famous forest of steles, namely, the forest of steles in Xi, Shaanxi, the forest of steles in Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong, the forest of steles in the south gate of Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province and the forest of steles in Xichang, Sichuan.
Xi 'an Forest of Steles is located under the Kuixing Building of Xi 'an Annan City Wall, and it is named after the Forest of Steles. This is an art treasure house with the earliest and most famous stone tablets in ancient China. Founded in 1087, it was originally built to preserve the Thirteen Classics and Shitai Xiaojing carved in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. Later, it was collected from generation to generation and its scale gradually expanded. In the Qing dynasty, it began to be called "forest of steles".
The whole forest of steles shows more than 65,438+0,000 generations of inscriptions from Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. And the collection era series is complete, spanning more than 2,000 years.
The calligraphy styles of these inscriptions, including seal script, official script, official script, running script and cursive script, are full of famous works. No matter from the perspective of calligraphy art, archaeology and history, it has extremely high academic value and profound cultural connotation.
Representative works include Cao Quanbei in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Remnants of Sima Fang in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The stone carvings of Confucian classics represent the Shitai Xiaojing and Kaicheng Shijing in the Tang Dynasty. The inscriptions that witnessed the ancient religious and cultural exchanges in China include the Monument to Nestorianism of Daqin in Tang Dynasty in China and the Preface to Sanzang in Tang Dynasty.
The full name of Cao Quanbei in the Eastern Han Dynasty was "Heyang made Cao Quanbei", which was engraved on October 21st, the second year of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the beginning of Wanli period in Ming Dynasty, the stone tablet seal was lost when it was excavated in Shencun, the ancient city of Heyang, Shaanxi Province.
It is one of the few works with relatively complete preservation and clear fonts in the Han Dynasty inscriptions in China. This monument was erected by scholars Wang Chang, Wang Min and Wang Bi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to commemorate the achievements of the historical figure Cao Quan. The inscription mainly records the historical events in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which provides important information for studying the history of the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
This monument is a vertical square, with a height of 2.73 meters and a width of 0.95 meters. There are 20 rows with 45 words in each row. Regular script is an official script, with clear words, flexible structure, beautiful and smart fonts and neat and fine calligraphy, which fully shows the maturity and style of official script in Han Dynasty. The names of the people who set up the monument are engraved on the monument, including Chu Shi, the three elders in the county, the three elders in the township, the people who offered wine under the door, the people who deliberated under the door, Du You, your legend and others.
The stones in this monument are all black. If you apply grease, it will shine. The stone tablet is fine and complete. It is a fine work in Han stele and official script of Han dynasty, and it is also one of the few works with relatively complete preservation and clear font in Han stele in China.
The Monument of Sima Fang was unearthed in 1952. When unearthed, only the upper part of the monument was found, which had been split into three sections. The remaining length is1.06m and the width is 0.98m. ..
There are four lines on the seal, "Ode to the tablet of Jing Sima Jun, a captain of the Han Dynasty", and the words 15 are still clear. Beiyang 16 lines, the middle two lines are damaged, 142 words. The official list is engraved on the online tablet 14, while the offline tablet 18 is unwritten and can read 4 1.
This inscription is a regular script, and its style and brushwork have the basic characteristics of the inscription in the early Northern Wei Dynasty.
The stone platform sutra was inscribed in 745. It was prefaced, annotated and written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
The first part of Shi Tai Xiao Jing is a preface written by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty prefaced the Book of Filial Piety, indicating that filial piety should govern the world. Secondly, it is the original text of the Book of Filial Piety, and the fine print is the annotation of Tang Xuanzong on the Book of Filial Piety.
The stone tablet is rectangular, with a square forehead on it, and the left and right sides of the square forehead are embossed as beasts, carved with clouds and covered with stones. There are three square steps under the monument, which is called "stone platform filial piety"
The Kaicheng Shijing was carved in 837, so it was called Kaicheng Shijing or Tang Shijing, and because of its establishment and harmony, it was called Yongshijing.
This inscription is in regular script. This inscription is clear in handwriting, exquisite in strokes and easy to copy and read, which played a positive role in spreading Confucianism at that time.
There are 12 kinds of scriptures, such as Zhouyi and * * * engraved with 1 14 stone tablets, and each stone tablet is engraved on both sides. Each stone is about 1.8m high and 0.8m wide. There is a square seat below, with a flat plate in the middle and a flat plate on it, which is 3 meters high. .
The Monument of Nestorianism in China in the Popular Place of Daqin is a monument describing the spread of Nestorianism in Tang Dynasty. This monument is 1.97 meters high, with a turtle seat under it, with a total height of 2.79 meters. The width of the car body is 0.92m and the width of the bottom is1.02m.. The front is engraved with "Ode to China, a popular Nestorianism in Daqin", with 32 lines in regular script, 62 characters in running script and * * 1, 780 Chinese characters in dozens.
What this stone tablet says is that during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, there was a missionary from ancient Persia named Aro, who went through hardships, along the ancient western countries such as Khotan, and came to Chang 'an, the capital, via the Hexi Corridor. Later, he visited Emperor Taizong and asked Persia to spread in our country.
Since then, Emperor Taizong issued a decree to allow them to preach, so Nestorianism began to spread in Chang 'an and other places, and there were also records that Nestorianism classic Zunjing was translated into Chinese.
The inscription also quoted a large number of Confucian, Taoist and Buddhist classics and allusions in China's history books to explain Nestorianism, telling the story of the fall of mankind, the birth of the Messiah, the deeds of the savior and so on. Although the inscription was written by a Persian missionary, his knowledge of Chinese is extremely profound.
In addition to these stone tablets, in Xi 'an's forest of stone tablets, there are some calligraphy masterpieces such as Yan Liqin's tablet by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, and Daochang's tablet by Ouyang Tong, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty, such as Six Horses in Zhaoling and The Statue of the Old Man in Lishan Mountain. These different kinds of representative works together constitute the splendid inscription culture of Xi 'an stele forest.
The forest of steles in Qufu Confucius Temple is located in Qufu Confucius Temple, Shandong Province, with more than 2,000 steles in each generation.
There are 53 stone tablets in Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of which are records of worshipping Confucius and repairing temples. Besides Chinese characters, there are Manchu and Basiba languages, which is one of the large forest of steles in China.
Among them, there are 17 famous inscriptions in Han Dynasty, such as Shi Chenbei, Yiying, Confucius Temple, Li Qi, Kong Qian, Kong Jun, Kong Biao, Kong Bao and remnants of Confucius Temple. The number of Han steles is the highest in China.
Monuments in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties include Huang Chu Monument, Jia Shijun Monument, Zhang Menglong Monument, Li Zhongxuan Monument and Confucius Temple Monument. In the Huangwafang Pavilion in the west corner of Confucius' former residence, there is a Qianlong imperial book "Praise Monument to the Old Residence Well", which is also an artistic treasure.
In addition, there are 584 stone carvings embedded in the exhibition room, and there are more than 200 stone carvings of various generations/kloc-0 in other places.
The South Gate Forest of Steles in Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province Province was built at 179 1. At first, it was Xiao Chen, with 8 doors and 6 guns, and he was more than two meters tall.
South Gate Forest of Steles, also known as Great Forest of Steles, is located on the right side of South Gate City. There are 6 1 stone tablets left over from the Qing dynasty in the museum, and the number is quite large. The historical origin of 6 1 bronze drum tablet can be roughly divided into six categories: discipline, construction, architectural drawings, titles, tombs and announcements. If you read its meaning carefully, you can also learn a lot about the society at that time, which is very interesting.
Xichang Earthquake Stele Forest is located in Guangfu Temple of Lushan Mountain in the south of Xichang, with more than 100 stone tablets. The stone tablet recorded several major earthquakes in Xichang, Mianning, Ganluo and Ningnan, and recorded in detail the occurrence time, foreshock, main shock, aftershock, earthquake area, human and animal casualties and building damage of Xichang 1536, 1732 and 1850.
Xichang, located in the fault zones of Anning River and Zemusi River, is one of the seismic zones in southwest China. There have been many strong earthquakes in history. The forest of steles provides us with material data to study whether strong earthquakes occur repeatedly in the same place, the occurrence period and the internal law, which can be compared with historical documents and make up for its shortcomings. It's really rare in China.