Wang Di, the title of Du Yu, the king of Shu in ancient mythology. Legend has it that he gave way to courtiers and lived in seclusion in the mountains because of the flood. After his death, he became a cuckoo and moaned day and night until his blood came out.
Obviously, since Du Yu voluntarily gave way to the courtiers, why did he cry after his death? In other words, he didn't suffer any injustice, and the grievance after cuckoo's death has no meaning of change. From this perspective, it is worth discussing: Is Guan Hanqing wrong? Or the textbook editor explained it wrong. Let's look at the reference books at hand first.
65438+ "A few years later, Wang Di was famous for his great achievements, and Zen was located in Turtle Spirit, named Ming Kai. I hope that the emperor will become a monk, live in seclusion in the western hills, and become a cuckoo, or a bird in the clouds, also known as a homing pigeon. In spring, he crows and the listener is sad. "
(Dictionary of Common Allusions, 463 pages, edited by Yu Shi, Wang Guanghan and Xu Chengzhi, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, September 1985). )
2. Du Yu: The legendary ancient Shu king. At the end of the Zhou Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor in Shu, nicknamed Wang Di, and then retired to give way to his Enlightenment. In February, the cuckoo is singing, and Shu people are pregnant with it, because it is called the cuckoo. On the other hand, the expired wife died of shame and her soul became a cuckoo. See Biography of the King of Shu, National Records of Huayang and Shu Xiang. Later, Du Fu was also called "Du Yu".
(Ci Hai (middle), p. 2869, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, September 1979). )
3. Wang Di: King Shu in ancient legend. Changqu in the Records of Huayang in the Jin Dynasty: "Seven countries are kings, and Du Yu is emperor, which is called Pubei." Zhang Hua's Bird Classic in the Jin Dynasty: "Looking at the emperor, hiding in the western hills, turning into a cuckoo bird, or a cloud into a surplus bird, also known as a bird, singing in spring, the listener is sad." Because I thought cuckoo's alias.
(Dictionary of Ancient Books and Allusions, 430 pages, compiled by Chinese Department of Hangzhou University, Jiangxi People's Publishing House, September 1984). )
4. Du Yu: In the Qin Dynasty, Shu was a master. When there was a flood in Shu, he led the residents to avoid Changping Mountain. After Master Roshi opened a gorge to control water, residents had to return to land. He was transferred to Master Roshi, calling himself Xishan. According to myths and legends, he later ascended to heaven and was remembered by Shu people.
(China Dictionary of Celebrities of Past Dynasties, 63 pages, edited by History Department of Nanjing University, Jiangxi Education Press, March 1989). )
5. Looking at Emperor Du Fu: See Biography of the King of Shu and Records of Huayang Shu in Jinchangqu. Wang Di, a legendary king of the ancient Shu kingdom, was named Du Yu, who proclaimed himself emperor in the last quarter of the Zhou Dynasty. After death, the soul becomes a bird named cuckoo and cries sadly. Later, I used "azaleas looking at the emperor" to imply that my ideals and ambitions could not be realized.
(Dictionary of Ancient Poetry and Allusions, 49 1 page, Jiangxi Education Press, June 1992). )
6. Wang Di: According to legend, during the Warring States Period, Du Yu, the king of Shu, called himself Wang Di. Retreat to the western hills and be a cuckoo. Dou E's grievance: "This is our flood, our crow."
(Newly compiled Middle School Classical Chinese Dictionary, 29 1 page, edited by Jiang Chuanyi and Zhuang Wenzhong, revised by Wang Sihou, Nanjing University Press, 1997, 10. )
Obviously, the explanations in the above six books only show that he proclaimed himself emperor, abdicated, turned into a bird and cried sadly, but did not show that Du Yu was wronged. As for Ci Hai, he said that he was "in contact with his wife", but he was "ashamed to death" and did not express his grievances. So, is there any statement to express its grievances? China Dictionary of Myths and Legends compiled by Mr. Yuan Ke (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House1June, 985) clearly wrote:
Du Yu: "Biography of Qin and Han Dynasties and Shu Wang in Three Generations, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties": "A man named Du Yu stopped Zhu Di from the sky; A woman, rich and famous, came out of Jiangyuan Beijing to be Du Yu's wife. Is self-reliance for the king of Shu, named Wang Di, Wenshan Xi……azhen named Xi ... "According to Shu Zhi, Wang Di turned into a cuckoo," Spring cries, the listener is sad ",which seems to be hidden. Say cymbals (120) Volume 6? The collection "Taiping Universe" said: "After Wang Di fled, he wanted to die again and become a cuckoo." Give a little information. Wang Di, a beggar, became a cuckoo because he wanted to be reset, not because of Master Roshi's "high skill" and "Zen position". Du Yu myth is also circulated among the people, and its characteristics are quite different from those recorded in ancient books. It is said that there are dragons in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, which often cause floods to harm the people. Long Mei went to the lower reaches of Jiading Mountain for flood discharge, and the dragon was kept in an iron cage in Hushan Mountain. Hunter Du Yu asked for water treatment for the people. When I met Xian Weng, I gave him a bamboo stick and told him to save Long Mei. Du Yu fought the dragon with a bamboo pole, defeated it, and rescued Long Mei at the foot of Wuhu Mountain. Long Mei helped Du Yuping cure the flood and became Du Yu's wife. Du Yu was also acclaimed as king by the people. Du Yu has a thief minister and a former hunting friend. He often envies Du Yu for having a beautiful wife, and he wants to harm her by promoting to a higher position and making a fortune. One day, when he was hunting in the mountains, he met an evil dragon and plotted with him. He lied that the dragon wanted to make peace with Du Yu and his wife, so he lured Du Yu to the mountain and imprisoned him. The thief usurped Du Yu's position and forced Long Mei to be his wife. If Long Mei doesn't obey, she will be imprisoned. Du Yu was imprisoned and died in the mountains. His soul turned into a bird, returned to the Forbidden City, flew around his wife and said, "Go back to Wenyang! Go back to Wenyang! " Christophe Wen is the Yang of Wenshui, which is the so-called "Wenshan governs the city" in Biography of King Shu. His wife, Long Mei, heard his voice and died of grief. Her soul turned into a bird and she left with her husband.
According to this legend, Du Yu was undoubtedly wronged, and the causal relationship between his becoming a bird and his sad cry was established, and the meaning of the allusion "Looking at the Emperor's Crying" was also penetrated. Therefore, there are obvious omissions in the interpretation of the text, which cannot explain Dou E's injustice.