1 China sword
With the development of human society, tools and weapons are inseparable. With the complexity of society and the progress of technology, tools have naturally undergone various changes because of their different uses, so weapons have a clearer definition at this time. It is different from hunting gear and tools in that weapons refer to the equipment that people confront by force, which plays an awe-inspiring contradictory role. For thousands of years, there has always been a sigh that "those who know the soldiers are soldiers, and saints have to use them."
So far, it seems that human beings can't live without war, but ancient swords have been separated from the battlefield (except sabers). Nevertheless, the innate hunting instinct still makes us have an unspeakable feeling for the sword. Perhaps this is also a manifestation of respecting the vitality of the ancients, prompting us to look back from time to time and get inspiration from it.
In order to distinguish it from later firearms such as guns and rockets, weapons are generally divided into hot weapons and cold weapons. This paper only briefly introduces cold weapons, especially swords, and divides the development of ancient swords in China into three stages: early stage, middle stage and late stage.
early stage
Before the Yin and Shang Dynasties, due to the lack of materials and objects, we still knew very little about the types of wars and weapons used at that time. Up to now, the research has generally started from the Shang Dynasty, and divided China's early war types into three processes: car war, foot war and riding war. Before the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, it was dominated by car wars, but in the Warring States Period, it was replaced by foot wars. From the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty, cavalry gradually turned to dominate the battlefield. From the understanding of the types of war, we can know the role of the sword in the war, so as to have a deeper understanding of the development of the sword.
Infantry units in Shang Dynasty adopted decimal system, which was called "Ten" (chariots and soldiers were divided into three units). This system lasted until the beginning of the week, and then five people were taken as a basic establishment unit, which was called "Wu". Every five "Wu" (that is, 25 people) form a square, called "two", which is the most basic tactical grouping. In every Wu, member.
Wu does not rely solely on personal skills or physical fitness, but is an organized armed force, and individuals exert the maximum effectiveness of their weapons to achieve the highest overall combat power; According to Sima Fa, "long protects short, short protects short and saves long". Short soldiers are in front, long soldiers are behind, that is, men, halberds, spearmen and archers. Among them, Ge and Ji, spear and Ji are interchangeable, and the weapons held by the first four people are enough to support each other. Ge is the shortest and dead.
The use of bronze
About the late Neolithic Age, mankind entered the Bronze Age, and China was no exception. Because copper joined lead and tin to form bronze alloy, which has high hardness, low melting point and easy processing, it gradually replaced stone tools, and human tools have since entered the stage of taking metal as the main material.
According to Kao Gong Ji's records, craftsmen in the Warring States period accumulated enough experience and completely mastered the technology of smelting bronze. The ratio of copper to lead and tin in the alloy is also different according to the purpose of the vessel. "Gold has six qi: its gold and tin are one, which is called the qi of the pot; Jin Xi is divided into five parts, indicating that the axe is the same; Its gold and tin are divided into one, that is, the gas of Geji; Two-thirds of its gold and tin are in one place, that is, the blade is in one place, five-thirds of its gold and tin are in two places, that is, the arrow is in one place, and half of its Suk Kim is in one place. Axe gold and Geji require a certain hardness and toughness, and the big blade has a higher hardness, but the toughness is slightly poor. Verified by modern science, the proportion put forward in the examination record is quite correct.
It must also be noted that a thin oxide layer is often formed on the surface of bronzes after oxidation, which plays a role in protecting the body. Although it has been buried for thousands of years, it is generally intact; However, except for a few surface-treated ironware, it is often completely corroded, which brings us great difficulties in studying unearthed cultural relics. This is why our understanding of Tang and Song weapons is far less than that of Warring States weapons.
Development of bronze sword
Bronze is hard and brittle, which is beneficial to cutting and not to chopping. From the unearthed objects, it can be proved that there was a short knife in the early days, with a primitive shape and an arc back. If used as an offensive weapon, I'm afraid it's a little thin and fragile. In fact, the role of the knife as a cutting tool at that time may be greater than protection. The real weapon should be a sword longer than a thorn.
The early bronze swords were roughly formed in Shang Dynasty. At first, it was only 10 cm long, with straight ridge and double edges. The sword body is flat and wide, and the hilt is bound with sawdust. Later, it formed a fixed shape. In addition to the two-section body, it has a complete grip, stem, hoop and head, and the length is less than 40 cm. The handle is wrapped in silk, hemp, rubber and other things, which is easy to hold. In the next Millennium, this kind of sword will gradually mature and be active in the battlefield as the basic weapon of infantry.
The prevalence of bronze swords is closely related to the form of ancient wars in China. From the Shang Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, the official war was dominated by car wars, with a relatively large scope of engagement and maneuvering space. Therefore, the martial arts commonly used by scholars in chariots are ge or spear, and swords are only used for melee or hand-to-hand combat. The sword can stab and cut, and it has the characteristics of two edges. As far as the conditions at that time are concerned, it really has advantages. With the development of forging and metallurgical technology,
Wuyue mingjian
During the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was two hostile countries, both of which were famous for being good at casting swords. We can fully prove this from the existing physical objects. Its exquisite technology and gorgeous craft are unparalleled in the world, especially the surface treatment of the sword body, which not only has mysterious and gorgeous patterns, but also shines with cold light and is as sharp as new after 2500 years. This treatment technique is still a mystery.
At this time, steel weapons also entered the stage. Perhaps we have accumulated enough knowledge of bronze weapon forging metallurgy technology, or perhaps the steel folding technology has inherited the experience of bronze weapon construction. In any case, the level of steel weapons in this period was indeed much ahead of the world. Famous sword-casting masters, such as Ou Yezi and Ganjiang, are associated with many famous swords throughout the ages: Ganjiang, Ganjiang, Suzaku and Chunchun. In the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue, Xue Zhu's evaluation of pure hook sword was recorded: "It is as light as a flower in Quyang and as heavy as a hibiscus in a lake. Its writing style is like a journey of stars, and its light is like an overflowing pond ... "In addition, Tai Ajian's Wings Like Running Water, Miyabu's Wen Ruo Flowing Water Endless, and Guiwen,, and the stars are on the list.
Sword of Qin dynasty
In the late Warring States period, Qin was already a bronze sword and an iron sword. At the same time, the shape of the sword has also changed. The length of the sword is increased to about 100 cm. The sword body is long and narrow, the surface is carefully polished, and there is a layer of chromite oxide with black luster, which can prevent corrosion and rust. Many long swords unearthed from Qin tombs in Shaanxi are almost new, while other weapons, such as beryllium, spears, hammers and arrows, etc.
A bronze sword of this length was unimaginable before. Because of the hard and brittle characteristics of bronze, a long sword is easy to break, so the length of the sword has always been limited. The hardness of the sword in Qin Dynasty is the same as that of the treated medium carbon steel, but it is incredible to have this length after being unearthed. Through the research of scholars, it is found that the sword body is regularly tied together, and the width of the sword body narrows step by step, while the thickness increases proportionally. So that its physical properties have reached a very perfect level. It is said that when the Terracotta Warriors were unearthed, there were many examples of fragments pressing bronze swords. After the fragments were taken out, the sword immediately rebounded and returned to its original state, which shows that this bronze sword has excellent toughness. This is the second and last peak of bronze weapons.
Iron sword instead of bronze
After the steel weapon is formally equipped with troops, its hardness and toughness are obviously better than bronze, and because of the extensive use of cavalry, the strength of the weapon is required to be higher. Therefore, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, steel weapons completely replaced bronze and entered a new era. In the alternation of hundreds of years, it is also the peak of the development of bronze weapons. Historically, regardless of length, hardness and toughness, the middle period
The Qin dynasty unified the six countries, and its military capability and excellent equipment can be seen from the demonstration of terracotta warriors and horses. Since the Qin Dynasty, the battlefield was gradually dominated by cavalry, who controlled an increasingly huge empire with strong military strength and high mobility.
Decline of sword
Since cavalry became the main force of the army, it has been accompanied by changes in tactics and innovations in equipment. Because the cavalry's charge speed is extremely fast, one-handed sword can still stab the enemy, causing heavy losses, but the momentum is enough to dismount the cavalry and fall into the predicament of being beaten out of the water. So the short soldiers immediately paid special attention to their cutting performance, and the tough iron was quite mature, so the long sword was gradually replaced by a long sword and completely withdrew from the battlefield at the end of the Han Dynasty. However, its symbolic meaning has never faded in the minds of China people, and even combined with the mysterious color of Taoism, it has been covered with a thick mysterious veil.
The long swords in this period were mostly made of jade. After thousands of years, the long sword has decayed, but the jade sword decoration is cherished by people because of its exquisite texture and decoration, and has become an indispensable item in jade. In addition, fencing has always been valued. Regardless of princes and nobles or martial arts heroes, they still like to practice swords and swords. We can say that although the sword has declined on the battlefield, it has always maintained the status of king among the people.
Round-headed iron knife
This new trick developed in the Western Han Dynasty has a single blade and a flat ring-shaped sword head, which is generally called "ring-headed iron knife". It has no obvious lattice, and the hilt is tied with sawdust and then tied with thick rope. Because he was good at chopping, he quickly replaced the sword. In addition, due to the great increase in demand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up iron officials throughout the country to take charge of iron production, and smelting also made great progress. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, hundreds of steel chains and partially hardened steel were used.
At that time, Japan completely accepted the ring-headed iron knife and began to imitate it, which had a very far-reaching impact on the development of Japanese knives later, and there are still many physical objects to prove it.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the method of binaural attachment appeared, which changed the way of matching knives, and this method has been used to this day. In addition, at this time, a new type of knife was developed, with slightly curved blade and oblique front, which was more suitable for chopping, and its shape was very close to that of later generations.
Tangdao
In the Tang Dynasty, a new kind of knife was developed, namely Kubinashi ring. The handle is wrapped around the iron stem with a wooden clip, and the head of the knife is wrapped with metal ornaments. The hilt and scabbard are inlaid with gold periodicals and jade, and wrapped in herringbone leather. The decoration is gorgeous. Japan calls it "Tang style broadsword". Up to now, Zhengcang Hospital still has the same type of products handed down for reference. The Japanese developed after careful imitation.
In addition to long knives with short handles, there is also a long-handled broadsword in the Tang Dynasty, which is ten feet (about three meters) long and is called "Mo Dao". It was so powerful that the infantry held it in a horizontal dense formation that it "advanced like a wall", which was not recorded after the Tang Dynasty.
Western minority Dao
This period is a very open era, with frequent exchanges among ethnic groups. It was at this time that "Damascus Steel" (called "wrought iron" by China) in Central Asia was introduced through the Silk Road. This wrought iron is not an ordinary folding steel, but presents a special fine pattern, and its manufacturing method is still a mystery. Since ancient times, it has been regarded as a treasure by those who have won it. It is sharp, tough and corrosion-resistant, and can be proud of ancient and modern times. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the Western Regions was extremely close. It is understandable to get this kind of treasure knife, but I don't know if this technology has been obtained. At that time, there were many Persians and cannibals who came to China, including many skilled craftsmen? Or the other country regards it as a secret skill, which is not allowed to spread abroad, but it is unknown that the battle between the middle Tang Dynasty and tuas may be captured? All these need to be studied by experts and scholars in the future.
later stage
From the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, a new type of war was brewing. Due to the invention and use of gunpowder, hot weapons have entered the historical stage, which is a major feature of the Song Dynasty war. At this time, the combat power of cavalry is quite limited, mainly foot warfare, urban offensive and defensive warfare and water warfare. As for short-handled weapons, they have absorbed the styles of northwest ethnic minorities, and have various forms, such as whips, sticks, hammers, etc., which are used in conjunction with long knives.
In terms of long-handled weapons, there are broadswords, halberds, axes, hooks and hammers. , are made for tactical needs; Swords are rarely used in the army, but only as decorations for officers. The blade is short, the ridge is thick, the front is blunt, and the style is heavy and clumsy, which is not conducive to stabbing. Obviously, its symbolic meaning is greater than its actual meaning.
Meeting between Mongolia and Arabia
Although the Yuan Dynasty was a great empire spanning Europe and Asia, there were very few weapons handed down in kind. Mongolian commanders are good at riding and shooting, everyone is good at equestrian, and their actions are erratic and extremely fast. It is reasonable to use a sword or broadsword that is conducive to cutting. At the same time, we have every reason to believe that with such a strong military team, their weapons quality will be considerable. It has been recorded in the literature that when the Mongols conquered the Arabian Peninsula, they plundered local craftsmen to fight against the army. With the exquisite smelting technology of Damascus steel at that time, the modeling and manufacturing technology of its weapons must be improved or upgraded.
Another circumstantial evidence is that other documents also mentioned that when Jurchen rose, due to the close alliance with Mongolia and Mongolia's assistance, the weapon manufacturing technology was greatly improved; It is very likely that Mongolia was devastated in the Ming Dynasty, but it was able to support Nuzhen with excellent technology, saying that it was left by the Yuan Dynasty. I believe there will be archaeological evidence in the future.
Qijiadao and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
The development of firearms in the Ming Dynasty gradually matured, and long-range artillery basically replaced the gun crossbow. However, firearms used by individual soldiers, such as bird locks, are not completely practical because of the time-consuming loading, so traditional weapons such as knives, spears, bows and arrows are still the basic equipment of infantry, and great changes have taken place due to the invasion of the Japanese.
At that time, when the army was at war with the enemy, its weapons were often broken by sophisticated Japanese knives, causing heavy casualties. Later, the thick-backed machete was developed to resist, and it was no longer easy to break. However, once it was cut off head-on, the blade would often turn over and even hurt the enemy. Besides, this kind of weapon is very heavy, far less dexterous and heavy than Japanese Dao. As a long-term solution, Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier, wrote to suggest ordering a batch of sabers from the Japanese government. The appearance is basically China, but the manufacturing method is Japanese. These thousands of Chinese-Japanese half-blood sabers performed well on the battlefield, so Qi Jiguang copied them and improved them, calling them "Qijia sabers", with long and narrow blades and beautiful arcs. The joint between the hand guard and the blade is provided with a swallow mouth, which has a long face and a short back, which can increase the number of knives.
The influence of Japanese Dao is also manifested in another kind of long Dao, which is about two meters long and has a long handle. It is similar to Miao Dao, which is used by infantry and has great lethality.
longquan sword
Although the sword has no position on the battlefield, it is still given priority to in formal occasions, and many people practice fencing. Even weak scholars always like to hang a long sword in their study to show the unity of civil and military. Taoism used it as a weapon, and the legend of chiseling blurred the true face of the sword for a while, filled with many swordsmanship with no practical performance, which is still common today, with Longquan in Zhejiang producing the most; Longquan was famous for making swords in Ming and Qing dynasties, and enjoyed a high reputation for its excellent materials and rigorous production. In its heyday, there were dozens of swords in this place alone. Later, with the increasing demand, it tried to mass-produce them. However, there are very few people who know the goods, and the works have become sword-shaped ornaments on the wall, and their skills have gradually declined. We often see the seven-star sword made by Longquan, but there are few fine works, which is the reason.
Qingdao
The standard sabers in Qing dynasty are: straight knife, nest knife, machete, bow knife, horse-cutting knife, etc. Shun Dao is a straight blade, which is similar to the first Dao in Mongolia or Tibet. The nest knife with square head and tail and painted green is the most common style of green knife. Bow, also known as broadsword or machete, is also very common among the people. Horse-chopping knife is shaped like ju, with long handle and extremely lethal. These kinds of knives are generally excellent, and fine folding lines can be seen on the best blades.
Four times, Qianlong ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to make a batch of royal swords. The accessories are gorgeous. Except for gold, silver and jade, the scabbard is made of red and green mackerel skin, or the word "human" is spelled with golden peach skin, which shows the extreme craftsmanship at that time. It often appears in major ceremonies such as reading, but it is now hidden.
From the existing aristocratic Dao, such as Gan Long Bao Dao and Qiba Bilong Dao, we can see the strong Arabic style from the radian of the handle and blade body, and some even use the famous Tibetan Dao to worship directly.
As for the types of folk knives, there are many kinds, such as broadsword, The Lancet, Yanling knife and thick-backed machete. The best fittings are carved, in addition to the patterns of peony, sunflower and other grass leaves, there are also dragons, phoenixes and sisters-in-law. The back of the blade is decorated with bamboo bagua patterns. In addition, the weapons used by the gang are all-encompassing, and it is difficult to describe them one by one. Some of them hid pictures and words representing the gang.
The broadsword team and the Japanese war
In the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the history of the Ming Dynasty repeated itself, organizing broadsword teams to compete with Japanese swords and writing a special page in modern history; Its blade is no different from a thick-backed machete. Its handle has slightly longer hands and a ring on the head of the handle. It is powerful and brave to use, and the Japanese should not be underestimated. This is also the last example of China's traditional sword used in war.
2. The history of Japanese knives
Among the cultural relics unearthed in ancient tombs, iron swords have begun to be included. At that time, Japanese Dao didn't have the straight arc as we see in various games, comics, movies and other works now. On the contrary, the blade is straight, which is conducive to stepping. After the Heian period, the fighting mode was mainly changed from stepping to fighting at once. It was inconvenient to use a straight knife in this situation, so a curved knife appeared. Later, after passing through Kamakura and Muromachi, in the Edo era, in order to meet the needs of fencing duel, a knife lighter than Taidao appeared. The shape of Dao is basically the same as that of modern Japanese Dao.
Japanese Dao began with the "Tang broadsword" introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty. It was a straight knife at that time, and many cultural relics unearthed in Japan were preserved.
Tang boulevard
Western calendar name
Ancient Tomb Age-Straight Dao (Ancient Dao) in 707 AD
806—— 1572 Ancient Dao
1573—— 1867 New Dao
1868- Modern Dao
Second, a brief introduction of Japanese Dao
1. Type of tool
There are many kinds of Japanese knives, except Taitai and fighting knives mentioned above, Gotha, which is shorter than Taitai, uses threatening fingers when cutting abdomen, short knives for self-defense of non-samurai classes (such as farmers, businessmen and women), and ninja knives for ninjas. Here is a special mention of ninja knives. Ninja knives are shorter than ordinary knives and easier to carry. Besides, Ninja Dao is similar to the Dao before Heian period, and the blade is straight, probably because Ninja always fights on foot.
2. Inch method of knife
The inch method of Japanese knife refers to the length of the knife. The knife length mentioned here refers to the length of the blade, excluding the handle. Generally speaking, a knife with a blade length less than 30CM is a short knife, and the blade difference length is between 30cm and 60cm; If it exceeds 60cm, the knife or knife is too big. Usually, even if it is a relatively long Taidao, the length of the blade will not exceed 80CM, which means that it will not exceed 2 feet, 6 inches and 6 minutes when converted into inch method. However, it is said that Sasaki Kojiro's love knife "Changguang" is three feet two inches long, and Musashi Miyamoto's wooden knife used in duel is four feet two inches long! The estimated length in the book includes the length of the handle! (See "Musashi Miyamoto, the Japanese swordsman", written by Akiyama Chengqing)
Type length (inch method) length (cm)
Short knife 0.33 ~ 9.87 1 ~ 29.9
Threat difference 9.90 ~ 19.77 30.0 ~ 59.9
Knife and Taidao 19.80 ~ 60 ~
3, the samurai's double knife
In ancient Japan, the samurai class was a privileged class, and the usual image was that they walked with two knives on their waists and were arrogant. Let's not talk about those warriors who use two knives, but only use one knife to fight. Why should they wear two knives? In fact, the two knives worn by samurai are different, one is used for fighting or cutting too much, and the other is used for cutting abdomen. Of course, it doesn't rule out that there are guys who don't abide by ethics and morality, and they pull them out and threaten to cut people. If you are a samurai with two knives, you should not only wear two long knives on your waist, but also carry a pair of threats in your arms (it will be very difficult to walk with three knives on you ...)
4. The difference between Dao and Tai Dao
Judging from the length, it is difficult to distinguish a knife from Artest's. Although generally speaking, Tai Dao is longer than Dao, it does not rule out that Tai Dao is shorter than Long Dao and Dao is longer than Short Tai Dao (tongue twister … ā). However, there is a clear difference between Tao and Taidao! The side of the inscription on the knife is different. Usually when carrying a knife, the inscription of the knife should be outward. At this point, if the blade is up, it is a knife; If the blade is facing down, it's too sharp. Mark's anti-blade knife is not among Dao and Tai Dao, but a freak ...
Fourth, Japanese famous knives
Famous Dao 1: Five Swords in the World
Five swords in the world, a national treasure of Japan. It appears in the SFC game ONI, and the names in the game are Dadiantai, Zhu Zhu Pill, Tongziqie, Sanriyue and Ghost Pill.
1. The name is too big and the blade length is 66. 10CM. It originally belonged to General Muromachi's family (Ashikaga) and fell into the hands of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Taoshan era. Later, Hideyoshi gave it to Maeda Toshiie. Daoming: Hiro Mitsui
2. The number of beads remains unchanged, and the specific situation is unknown. It is said that they are owned by Japanese lotus people.
3. The boy cut an outline, the specific situation is unknown, and the legend is that it belongs to Yuan.
4. It was committed by three cases of Zongjin on the third day of the month and Shancheng National Road, and the specific situation is unknown.
5. Ghost Maruko, whose specific situation is unknown, is said to be a treasure knife handed down by the family of Kitaoka in Kamakura, which was scattered with the complete extinction of Kitaoka. (The Beici family mentioned here has nothing to do with the Beici family in Odahara during the Warring States Period. It was formed after the name Beici was changed to Beici Zaoyun, a new nine-year-old Lang Changsheng in Yi Shi.
Ming Dow 2: Ju Ziyi Zong Ze
Chrysanthemum is a word, too big, with a blade length of 78.48CM. It was prepared by Zong Ze, a former China knife worker, during the period of the National Academy of Arts, and it is a representative work of the word school. Legend has it that it was later owned by the new swordsman Okita Souji.
Knife carving: living in Zong Ze
Ming Dow 3: Nagasone Kotetsu
Nagasone Kotetsu, with a length of 45.75cm, was made in Kuanwen three years ago by the former Vietnamese knife worker Hu Che. Love Knife for the newly written swordsman kondou Isami.
Ming Dow: Nagasone Kotetsu entered the roadway.
Mingdao 4: Stay with the spring.
The blade is 70.6 cm long, and the famous swordsman Hijikata Toshizo is the third generation and the eleventh generation. Ming Dow: He is also determined to win in boxing Fujiwara. There is also a sentence engraved on the hilt: Those who fight with soldiers are all ahead. This sentence, from "Bao Puzi" (the original text is "those who are facing the soldiers are marching in line"), is very popular on the battlefield and is said to boost morale.
Dao Ming: Be with Spring.
The fifth knife: Horikawa Kunihiro
Horikawa Kunihiro, Dao, the length of which is 70.6CM, was made by Guoguang, a famous knife maker living in Kyushu. Legend has it that it is the first masterpiece among Guoguang's works. Later, it was owned by a new writing group, Hijikata Toshizo.
Ming Dow: Horikawa Kunihiro.
Famous Dao 6: Kwai Wen Yue and Qian Kang
The sunflower pattern is superior to the previous work Ji Kang, with a side length of 35.3CM. It was made by the famous sword-maker Yueyashi in the Edo period and was enshrined in Ruotian Shrine as a magic knife (magic knife: a knife placed in the shrine to worship gods, generally not used for fighting). Both sides of the knife are cast with plum blossom and bamboo patterns respectively. The reason why it was named Kwaiwen Qian Yue Ji Kang is that Konka is said to have named the Tokugawa family Kwaiwen, so it changed its name. It was completed in the 11th year of Qing Dynasty.
Knife carving: Kwai Wen Yue Gan Kangji
Famous knife 7: Seiji Maehara
Seiji Maehara is a knife with a length of 67.3 cm, which was made by Tadashi Toyama, an Edo knife worker, and later owned by Oka Taisa.
Daoming: Tadao Maehara.
Mingdao 8: Long boat (famous things are big and common)
Changzhou, Taidao, 73.63CM. Also known as Daprajnaparamita Changguang, the works of Guang Guang, a famous knife master, are of great value to 600 yuan in Muromachi era. Because the Mahayana Prajna Sutra has just 600 volumes, it was named Mahayana Prajna Changguang. It was owned by the late Muromachi general Ashikaga Yi Hui, and later went to Tokugawa Ieyasu through Miyoshi Nagayoshi and Oda Nonobunaga. After Chang Xiaozhi's war, Konka gave it to Aoping Xinchang.
Ming Dow: Long boat.
Ming Dow 9: Authentic
Authentic works, knives and blades are 64.4CM long. The original works of Xiangzhou famous sword were in the last years of Kamakura owned by Ishida Mitsunari during the Warring States Period. After the war, Guan Yuanhe was introduced to Tokugawa Ieyasu, and then somehow they lost to Safiros (laughs). The full name of Tao is "famous things really view the world".
Inscription of Dao: (unknown)
Ming Dao 10: save the truth
Murakami is a knife with a blade length of 73.32CM. At the end of Muromachi, Tsumura, the knife maker, was regarded as a symbol of "unlucky" by the Tokugawa family because of his outstanding cutting ability, and he was dismissed as "the demon knife Tsumura Masayoshi", so he was very popular among the rebels in Changzhou at the end of the curtain.
Ming Dow: Murakami.