During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, regimes such as Hou Liang, Houjin, Fujian, Nanhan, Nantang, and wuyue all made their way through "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" and even developed and formed. For example, the "Kaiyuan" in Wang Zhu, Fujian is more heroic than the Kaiyuan font in the Tang Dynasty. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Qian Wen, the "Kaiyuan Bao Tong", was also cast (that is, the two coins were identical in material, size, perforation and other aspects except for different characters, and appeared in pairs), which was the originator of China currency. On the other hand, wuyue minted the distilled gold "Kaiyuan Bao Tong".
Until the early Song Dynasty, Kaiyuan Bao Tong was still casting. For example, on the one hand, Chen Yi did not cast Song Ting coins to show his independence, on the other hand, Qingyuan cast Kaiyuan coins, which could be used in Song, wuyue and overseas trade. Since then, the so-called Kaiyuan coins have been minted in all previous dynasties, but these Kaiyuan coins are mainly used for opening furnaces or casting money, which is similar to the function of modern commemorative coins and is not used for circulation. "Kaiyuan Bao Tong" has been integrated into China culture.
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there were still a large number of Kaiyuan Bao Tong in the remote areas of Guangdong and Guangxi, which were specially exchanged by the Qing court for Yongzheng Bao Tong. In fact, the circulation of Kaiyuan money continued until the late Qing Dynasty.
In addition, the Japanese Nara era and the Vietnamese Wu Dynasty all imitated the "Kaiyuan" coins of the Tang Dynasty, while the Korean coins in Qian Wen were different, but they all imitated the Kaiyuan shape, which reflected the great influence of Chinese civilization in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The following are pictures of Bao Tong in Kaiyuan in different periods.
1, Kaiyuan in early Tang Dynasty
2. Kaiyuan in the Middle Tang Dynasty
3. Huichang Kaiyuan Bao Tong in the late Tang Dynasty
4. Kaiyuan in the Late Tang Dynasty
5. Kaiyuan in Fujian during the Five Dynasties
6. Private investment in Kaiyuan
7. Qing feast kaiyuan