Q: What does this word read? Package, the middle is a must, and the bottom is "ran".

ミㄋㄧㄥˊ. Number of strokes: 13, radical: Mi, stroke sequence number: 445454342521. The surname of this paragraph and the origin of Ningning Ningning is the descendant of Ji surname, and Ningning is consistent. Although some people strictly divide them into two surnames, most people confuse them. When writing, there is no distinction between ning and ning, even the greatest historical book, Historical Records, is no exception. So in essence, are they two different surnames, or are they a completely different family? I'd rather read the surname four times than two times. To understand this problem, we must first be familiar with the passage recorded in the Book of Surnames: "After Wei Kangshu, he collected grain in Ning, took the city as his surname, and looked out of Qixian. It is also called Ningcheng with, Han and Historical Records. " Judging from this passage, Ning and Ning are indeed born of the same father and mother, and they can definitely be confused. In other words, children in this family can write their surnames as "Ning", or more conveniently as "Ning". This surname can be written in two ways, and it is clearly described in the Examination of Surnames, which came from the State of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. In other words, they originated in Hebei and Henan two or three thousand years ago and are an ancient family with a long history. Their ancestor Kang Shu is Zhou Wuwang's half-brother. Among the many descendants of Zhou Wenwang who were made princes at that time, they were outstanding. After the Duke of Zhou destroyed the rebellious Wu Geng, he managed the Yin adherents happily. Later, he was promoted as a shepherd by his nephew Zhou Chengwang, and his talent was unusual. However, there is another component between Ning surname and Ning surname, which is why some scholars advocate that the two surnames should be strictly distinguished and not confused. According to textual research, the second part of the Ning family is the famous Qin Shihuang family, that is, the descendants of the ancient Zhuan Xu Won surname. This point is recorded in "Compilation of Surnames and Collection of Nine Articles": "Ning's surname is the same as Qin's, and his great-grandson died in Ning Gong, and the people thought it was his home." This statement makes sense. On the surface, it seems that Ning and Ning should be strictly divided. However, if we trace back further, Zhuan Xu, the ancestor of Won's surname, is Zhou Wenwang, the father of Wei Kangshu, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and also a descendant of Ji's surname of the Yellow Emperor. Since both the Ji surname and the Won surname come from the Yellow Emperor, it is obvious that the Ning family was born by the same father, although there are two sources of water. Therefore, it seems that Ning and Ning don't have to haggle over every ounce in words. Another branch of the Ning family originated in Mongolia. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian generals and Timur brothers were busy recruiting for the Southern Expedition. Because my home is in Changde, Hunan, I have been an official for generations. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Changde family moved to Ningxiang, Changsha and Xiaochang, Hubei. The Ben family originated from the fief name "Ben Town", and the site is located in Huojia County, Henan Province. Kang Shu (Jifeng), the distant ancestor of Ningshi, the son of Ningshi, the mother of Ningshi, and the eldest brother. After the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Yin Ruins (Ji Wang) was divided into Kang and Guo Wei (formerly 1042). When it was introduced into the Tenth World Health Organization, its son (mén) was given to Yi (770 BC), and later generations took Yi as their surname. My family is a patriotic clan, the ninth is the Qing Dynasty, and both of them are doctors. Since the implementation of the Simplified Chinese Character Scheme, the words "Ning", "Ning" and "Ning" have been mixed together, resulting in confusion of surnames, which continues to this day. "Ning" was originally an inherited word, which was pronounced as the original word ZH for storing things, and it was also called "Ning between the doors of the palace". "Ning", now a surname, was originally a variant of "Ning". "Ben" originated from Ibn in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and "Ben" was pronounced as nοng (the fourth sound). "Zi" is a variant of "Zi", and the original traditional method also has the writing of "Bao Gai Xin Ran". The "Ningshi" of Manchu people lived in Ningguta (now Ning 'an City, Heilongjiang Province) and took the land as their surname. After moving to Changbai Mountain, Ningshi, who originally lived in Ning 'an, was incorporated into Nanning Beining by the Qing emperor Nurhachi, and was called "Ning Er". Now Tieling, Liaoning, Chengde, Hebei and other places, there are also Ningguta surnamed "Ningshi". As for the history book saying that "great-grandson surnamed Ning, Qin Ninggong later changed his surname to Ning", it is also a pure misinformation. Confirmed by the inscription of cultural relics (cultural relicNo. 1978No. 1 1), Qin Ninggong was Qin Xiangong, and he mistook "offering" for "Ning", which was misinformed for more than two thousand years. Analysis of Ben Rujin's "Ben" surname Ben Rujin is one of the ancient prominent surnames with a history of more than 2,800 years. However, since the implementation of simplified characters in the 1950s, "Ning" has been mistaken for "Ning" and has continued to this day. I hereby publish a dialectical essay in order to trace back to the source and restore the original meaning of the surname. First, the origin of the Sui family According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Wugong (Ji He), the monarch of the State of Wei, was divided into Ji Yi (now he was granted Jia and Xiuwu in Henan), and later generations took Ning as their surname and came from Ji Shi. Zun's family is one of the three families that defend the country. Respecting kneeling, Su, Yu, Xiang and Xi is called the "Nine Dynasties Qing clan". He was once in charge of state affairs. Wei Xiangong once said, "Be the master of the house, sacrifice the widow." Later, Benxi was killed, and Benxi lost its position of defending the country. Another important historical figure, Zhen Qi, together with Guan Zhong, assisted Qi Huangong to become the first of the five tyrants, and his descendants gradually became famous in Qilu, with the Tang name "Qi Jun Tang". Chen's "A picture of a cow eating a wedding banquet" (II). The word "Ben" is written as surname, and the common writing methods are "Mi+Xin+Ran" (see the title of this article) and "Zi". Pian Hai Lei Bian Gong Li Lei: "Hey, the tradition is the same"; Vocabulary: "vulgar words". The words "Mi+Xin+Ran", "Zi" and "Sui" have always been common in later generations. In the textual research of hundreds of surnames in Qing Dynasty, the word Ning was regarded as authentic. Therefore, the author hereby advocates and appeals to the descendants of the Ning family to abandon the alien "rice+faith+nature" and "son" and make the Ning family a family in the world. "Li Ning" is written in the monument to Dr. Li Ning of Sui Zhengyi, a cultural relic in Guangxi, which explains the general writing of the word "Li Ning" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, Zuo Zhuan Chun Qiu (Volume 17) wrote Sui as Zi. The textual research on the hundred surnames in Qing Dynasty has been written as "Ning". Sui Zheng discussed the statue of Dr. Yun, and in the Ming Dynasty, he printed Notes on Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, and in the Qing Dynasty, he printed Textual Research on Hundreds of Surnames, and wrote Zun 1936. According to the Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals photocopied by Wuying Temple in Qing Dynasty, the World Bookstore was writing when it described the rapid events. It can be seen that from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the word "harmony" was universal. Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals published by Wuying Temple in Qing Dynasty. Regarding the word "Ning" in ancient Chinese, it has nothing to do with surnames. "Ning" is pronounced with two meanings: one is storage; The second is "better between the door and the screen" ("Er Ya Shi Gong"). 1956 published and reissued in 1986, it said: "Ning (ancient characters are rare) is the solution between the door and the screen, and reading (columns). In order to avoid the confusion between the word Ning and the simplified word Ning, I originally read Yu's Ning Zuo. " At present, the simplified Chinese character set GB23 12 contains the word "Ning". The Chinese Dictionary mentions that "Ning" is a simplified word for "Ning". It can be seen that "Ning", as a surname, is not simplified as "Ning", and "Ning" is only a simplified form of "Ning". 4. The surname "Ning", which is confused with the surname "Ning", was changed from the Manchu (Ning Er Jia) and Ning Guta. Ningshi is the earliest surname of China used by Manchu. North Korea's ancient book "A Record of the Li Dynasty" contains: "There are thousands of nuzhen Xiguan households in the north of Tieling, taking Ning as their surname." This celebrity surnamed Ning is a professor from Nankai University. Another said: "After Qin Ninggong, Ning was the surname", that is, "Ning's surname originated from the won surname". The Southern Song Dynasty wrote a note on the urgent surname: "Ning's surname is the same as Qin's, and the great-grandson's name is Ning Gong, but the uncle thought it was his surname." Singapore's "South China Morning Post" once published an article entitled "Ningning and his wife are connected, and they are descendants of the same surname": "Ningning's family has two water sources, but they are all born by the same father. Ningning doesn't have to worry about writing. " In fact, both of these statements are wrong. According to Records of Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, Qin Xianggong's great-grandson was "Qin Xiangong". From 65438 to 1.0978, among the Qin wares unearthed from the Taigong Temple in Yangjiagou, Baoji County, there is a set of Qin Gong Zhong and a set of Qin Gong Yun. From the extension point of view, the name is "Gong Xian", not "Yugong" (see Cultural Relics 65438+650.0978). Since there is no such thing as "Qin Ninggong", "Ning's family originated from Qin Ninggong" should be abolished. Part of the inscription in the Qin Dynasty reads: "Qin Gong said: My ancestors were ordained by heaven and enjoyed the family and the country. Tong Shao Wengong, Gong Jing and Gong Xian. Don't fall to the ground ... "V. Distinguishing the word" Ning "If you look at the etymology alone, the word" Ning "is indeed interlinked. Chinese dictionary: "Ning" and "Ning"; Shuo Wen Yong Bu: "Do whatever you want"; Duan Yucai's Note in Qing Dynasty: "This is synonymous with' Ning', which means that' Ning' is a wish word, and' Ning' is a wish word, which is slightly different from Er"; Shuowen: "Ning, I would like to speak. From??????? ",it shows that before the Eastern Han Dynasty, both Ning and Ning had the meaning of" wish ". But ning is a wish, just like a noun, and ning is a wish word and one of the function words, which is equivalent to the verb "willing". Later, "Ning" was used for surnames, and the correct pronunciation was ng, which means Yining. The words such as tranquility and preference only use the word "Ning". Another factor is that the name Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty is confusing except for its similar pronunciation and meaning. In order to avoid taboo, people write "Ning" as "Ning", which has been circulating for a long time and is mistaken for the same word. Xiangfan Gulongzhong archway was built in the 15th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. In order to avoid taboo, Daoguang emperor wrote Ning as Ning's family because of fiefs and cities. It should not be confused with Manchu surname. However, it is misused because of the confusion between Ning and Ning, such as the record of Ning in Historical Records. Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty did not know that Ning's surname was in Ningcheng, but only knew that Ning characters could be interlinked, which was delayed until the Republic of China. After the founding of New China, a simplified Chinese character scheme was published, and the dictionary books simplified "Ning" to "Ning". 6. The process of dictionary alienation in which the surname "Ning" was wrongly written as "Ning" began with the publication of the first batch of variant forms in 1956, and "Ning" was accepted as a variant form; With the implementation of the simplified word scheme, the word "Ning" passed down has become a simplified word of "Ning". From then on, Ningning and Ningning became one, so the two surnames of Ningning were replaced by an inherited word "Ning". This confusion continues to this day. Neither Xinhua Dictionary nor Cihai contains the prefix "嗮嗮", but they all agree that "嗮嗮嗮 and Ning" are simplified to "Ning". Xinhua Dictionary (version 1979) published a wrong opinion and put forward that "Ning" is a variant of "Ning". "Yi Yi Biao" also notes: "Some of the variant characters that have stopped using are used as surnames, and the original characters can be kept in newspapers and books." Therefore, it can be said that "Ning" as a surname or "Ning" is different from "Ning". However, this dictionary does not include the prefix "Lining", which is actually ambiguous and confusing. In recent years, the national authorities have realized the mistakes in dictionaries. The fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary not only added the surname meaning to "Ning níng", but also listed "Ning" as the official prefix and moved the surname pronounced "Ning" to "Ning". The website of the Institute of Chinese Studies of the Ministry of Education also issued a document stating: "Ning (Yi language)" Yi Yi Biao "has an incorrect glyph and should be corrected. Ningning is a different surname, Ningning is read-only. " Seven, calling for the restoration of surnames Since the 1950s, the application of dictionaries such as Yi Yi Biao to Xinhua Dictionary has led to many documents, such as household registration books and surnames on ID cards, most of which have been rewritten as "Ning" (according to the introduction from Sichuan, some relatives of Sichuan Zizhong still retain "Ning" on their ID cards. Moreover, people generally think that "Ning" is the traditional Chinese character of "Ning", but when it is converted into traditional Chinese characters, it is automatically converted into "Ning" by mistake. For a long time, the word "Ning" has been forgotten, and even the public does not know this word. In addition, this Ninggu surname, renamed by Manchu, is confused with a Ninggu surname, which is even more irrefutable, and its chaotic situation is hard to return. Ning's surname is different from Zhang's. There is only one origin of Ning surname, which comes from Ji surname, so there is no second Ning in the world. If we continue to use the typo of the word "Ning", it will not only be confused with the Ning family of Manchu, but also "forget our ancestors after several classics", and we don't know the ancient word "Ning" and our surnames. The misspelling of surnames caused by simplified characters is not only because the surnames are the same, but also because Xiao is mistaken for Xiao and Zhong is mistaken for Zhong. Therefore, it is suggested that the state issue a document stipulating that "Xiao" can be restored as "Xiao", "Zhong" as "Zhong" and "Ning" as "Ning" (except Manchu). And provide an authoritative "comparison table", issue relevant certificates to business departments, and establish supporting operating procedures, which can be automatically and effectively converted and put into practice. With the publication of the new "Hundred Surnames", if government agencies can annotate surnames, eradicate fallacies and implement the measure of compound surnames, it will be a compliment to traditional culture and a major measure of the government. (Zan Zhiqiang Zan Weihua) Eight. Zan, as a surname, is no longer a traditional Chinese character. In August, 2009, the third-level Chinese character list of the General Specification issued by the Ministry of Education has included the word Zan (No.7573, No.36), which at least shows that Zan, as a surname, has been compared with Zan.