The combination method is also relatively monotonous.
Therefore, the phonetic symbols appearing below are all international phonetic symbols, and readers need to pronounce them with phonetic symbols. For some international phonetic symbols unfamiliar to readers, this paper will try to use pinyin. However, if the forum makes it impossible to display the international phonetic symbols, I will find another way. As for the examples of words and poems in phonology, due to the limitation of space, only a few are listed.
Pre-Qin phonology (206 BC)
Many scholars, such as Gu, Jiang Yong, Qian Daxin, Kong Guangsen, Zhang, Gao Benhan, Huang Kan and others, have made fruitful achievements in the study of phonology in pre-Qin period. The study of rhyme and tune is mainly based on The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, followed by poems related to rhyme in other ancient books. But there is no breakthrough in the study of parts (initials).
Initial consonants in pre-Qin Dynasty: After comparison by a large number of scholars, "there was no sound on the tongue in ancient times" is basically a conclusion. In other words, "zh, ch, sh, R" and other "supralingual sounds" in modern northern dialects did not exist until the Yuan Dynasty.
It can be determined to be around 33 for the time being.
Pronunciation parts: lips, front of the tip of the tongue, middle of the tip of the tongue, front of the tongue, tongue and throat.
Don't breathe, stop the sound: help the non-terminal to recognize the photos, and get immediate results.
Breathe and clear the choking sound: smear thoroughly and cross the stream.
Turbid voice: and serve the Qing gods.
Nasal sound: I doubt my mother.
Sidetone: Metaphor 4
No aspiration, clear plug fricative sound: Jingzhuang
Breathing, clearing and fricating: early Qing Dynasty
Voiced fricative: from the bed
Clear fricative sound: the mountain heart examines the dawn
Turbid fricative sound: evil Zen box
Pre-Qin rhyme department: in rhyme department, "homophones must have the same part", that is to say, rhyming words must have the same rhyme department and similar tone. Rhyme can be distinguished twenty-nine (thirty in the Warring States period).
Yin sounds into Yang sounds.
Wu Bu Zhi Yun Zhi department Zheng Yunbu
There are not many fish, much less.
Yun zhi Wei Xi bu Wei yang bu
East of the waiting room
Smile. No -K, I don't-ong
Deep sleep part
-
Wei Yunbu Wu Yunbu Yunbu
Fat part, substantial part and true part.
Tail brother, tail moon, tail element
-I -t -n
-
Ji Yun Buyun Invasion Department
Tail talk department
-Afternoon
Pre-Qin Tone: Regarding the pre-Qin Tone, Mr. Wang Li's "four tones" is an acceptable mainstream at this stage;
Yin Shu: Pingyin.
rising tune/tone
Pronunciation: Pronunciation.
short sound
Moreover, it is precisely because Rusheng itself is a short-sucking stop, -k, -p, -i, -i. However, due to the prolonged volume of long notes, the stop -K, -P, -T,-i was lost in the development of later generations. It turned into a silent voice.
Compared with the pre-Qin period, Yao Miao phonology can be divided into long entering tone and short entering tone, and there are some reservations in Cantonese, such as "Pa: T" and "pa:t". There is circumstantial evidence that ancient Chinese is short and long. Please refer to Ouyang Juezai's Mutual Restraint of Tones and Syllables (originally published in China Chinese, No.5, 1979), which is not repeated here.
Phonology of Han dynasty
According to the analysis and comparison of scholars, there is little change in pronunciation between the Western Han Dynasty and the Pre-Qin period. The study of Chinese phonetics in this period is mainly based on the Han Fu of famous artists such as Zhang Heng.
Initial consonants in Han Dynasty: Consistent with the pre-Qin period, * * * has 33 initial consonants, so I won't repeat them here.
Rhyme in Han Dynasty: * * has 29 rhymes, but its corresponding rhymes have changed greatly. The words corresponding to the tone of Yin and Yang have changed obviously. It is similar to the rhyme of Qieyun in Sui Dynasty. The phonology of Han Dynasty can be regarded as the transition between ancient phonology and medieval phonology.
Yin sounds into Yang sounds.
Wu Bu Zhi Yun Zhi department Zheng Yunbu
There are not many fish, much less.
Yun zhi Wei Xi bu Wei yang bu
East of Gebu Prefecture
Wei Xiaobao -K Yaobu-Weng did not move
Deep sleep part
-
Wei Yunbu Wu Yunbu Yunbu
Fat part, substantial part and true part.
Tail, tail, moon and tail
-I -t -n
-
Ji Yun Buyun Invasion Department
Tail talk department
-Afternoon
The most important change of rhyme in the Han and Pre-Qin Dynasties was that the Song part changed from A to ai, and all four parts changed.
The specific corresponding words have also changed a lot. Therefore, although the initials of the Han Dynasty are consistent with those of the pre-Qin Dynasty, the rhyme has changed a lot.
Tone of the Han Dynasty: The tone of the Han Dynasty is basically the same as that of the pre-Qin Dynasty, with five tones: flat, rising, long, short and falling. A few long notes have begun to turn into falling tones, but it is not a common phenomenon.