Zhuangzi was fishing in Pushui, and the king of Chu sent the doctor and the doctor to go first, saying, "I hope I am tired in China!" " Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was 3,000 years old when it died. The king's towel is hidden in the temple. This turtle would rather die for a bone than drag its tail alive? "
The second doctor, Yu Yue, said, "I'd rather be born."
Zhuangzi said, "Yes! I will drag my tail in the painting. "
Translation:
Zhuangzi is fishing in Puhe River. The king of Chu sent two doctors to invite him (as an official). (They say to Zhuangzi): "I want to burden your housework!" Zhuangzi didn't look back (at them) with the end of the fishing rod, saying, "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, which has been dead for 3,000 years. The king wrapped it in brocade, put it in a bamboo box and treasured it in the hall of the ancestral temple. This (god) turtle, (it is) would rather die than leave a bone for people to cherish, or would rather live and wag its tail in the mud? "
The two doctors said, "I'd rather wag my tail in the mud alive."
Zhuangzi said, "Please go back! I want to wag my tail in the mud. "
2. Wang Fuchuan answered the classical Chinese Wang Fu, whose real name is Chu Yang and Gu 'an. In the seventh year of orthodox school (1442), he was admitted to Jinshi. Give punishment to this matter. Loud voice, gorgeous appearance, good at stating your own ideas. Promoted to general political participation. First, he invaded the capital and invited ministers to go out to meet the emperor. Everyone was afraid to go, and Wang Fu asked to go. So he was promoted to Right Zheng Tong, acting as assistant minister of rites and traveling with Zhao Rong, a calligrapher in China. The enemy exposed the blade and threatened them, and Wang Fu and others were not afraid. After returning to China, he still served as the general political department and was promoted to the general political envoy.
In the first year of Chenghua (1465), General Yansui's government was able to catch up with and attack Hetao people, and the emperor issued a decree to reward them. Wang Fu thinks it is not appropriate to go to 700 miles, and he is worried that disputes will arise because he hopes to succeed unexpectedly. Please tell him by decree. The emperor thinks he is right. Be promoted to Shangshu.
Chen Jue was originally a painter. By the time of his death, nephew Chen asked to inherit 100 households. Wang Fu said: "It is the order of the first emperor to carry on the family line, but it is not a meritorious military service and should not be allowed." So stop it.
When children invaded the border, the emperor ordered Wang to return to Beijing to inspect Shaanxi border guards. From Yansui to Gansu, observing the terrain, he suggested: "Yansui starts from the bank of the Yellow River in the east and reaches Dingbianying in the west, lingering for more than 2,000 miles. All the risks are in the mainland, but there is no barrier outside, only relying on the dock to defend. But the army is stationed inside and the people live outside. Once the enemy entered the customs, the loyal subjects did not act, and the people were plundered. Coupled with the southwest to Qingyang, more than 500 miles apart, the bonfire can not be connected. The bandits came and people didn't know. Please move 19 fortresses such as Fugu and Xiangshui and put them in important places near the frontier. And from Anbianying to Qingyang, from Dingbianying to Zhou Huan, building a pier every twenty miles is 34 * *. Trenches and city walls are built with the terrain. In order to hear each other's voices quietly, it is easy to defend. " After the throne was presented, the emperor followed his advice.
Wang Fu was reassigned to the Ministry of Industry. Wang Fu strictly abides by laws and regulations, and his reputation exceeds that of the Ministry of War. At that time, China officials asked to build a cloister in the northwest of the imperial city, and Wang Fu proposed to postpone it. Gao Fei also said that disasters are frequent, so it is not appropriate for 10,000 people to do useless things. The emperor will not allow it. The officer in charge led Tengxiang Siwei and asked for a cotton coat and shoes and trousers. Wang Fujian refused, saying, "These things were originally made by the imperial court for the soldiers who went to war, so that they could leave today without bothering to sew them. The Beijing army supplies cloth and cotton for winter clothes every year. This is an established system. How can I change it? " In response to the death of French King Gershbar, China officially requested the construction of temples and towers. Wang Fu said: "All benevolent French kings only build towers, not temples. This system should not be created now. " So he just ordered the tower to be built, or sent 4 thousand soldiers to serve him.
Wang Fuxi likes to learn ancient books, abides by the rules of honesty and restraint, has no talent for dealing with people, is an official and knows everything, and has worked in the Ministry of Industry for 12 years. In the face of disaster, the admonition officer said that he was old and Wang Fu asked to retire. The emperor won't allow it. Two months later, the admonition officer impeached Wang Fu again. Then the emperor issued a decree ordering him to resign and go home. After his death, he was given Prince Taibao and Mi Hao Zhuang Jian.
3. Sorry to read Dou Wei in classical Chinese, there are no reading questions online. I found the Biography of Dou Wei from the old Tang books and translated it by hand, hoping for some reference.
Dou Wei, whose name is Wen Wei, was born in Pinglu, Fufeng, and was also a father and brother with Empress Dowager Tai. Late father, Sui Taifu. Wei's family is noble, Zhu Kundi is martial and plays literature and history, but he insists that my brothers are called "bookworms". The history of the Sui Dynasty made Li show off his uniqueness, shooting Jiake and worshiping the minister of card shark. When the rank is full, you should move, and there is no adjustment. When the secretary is in his teens, his knowledge will be broadened. At that time, the brothers took military service as their official career, making friends with friends and guests, while their prestige was idle. The brothers even said, "In the past, Confucius accumulated knowledge and became a saint, but it was still a mess. What do you want from this if you live late? " "If you don't reach fame and status, you must stick to it." Wei just laughed. For a long time, Shu Wangxiu became a recording room, showing how illegal it was, saying that the disease was returned to other places. Xiu Xiu was deposed, Liao was convicted, and Wei Yan was saved by foresight. Great cause for four years, tired of moving literature and history, in order to calculate the gains and losses of Chen, transferred to the senior high school entrance examination card shark, sitting on the ground without examination, returned to the capital. Gaozu entered the customs, and he was drafted into the army. At that time, the army was in the grass, and the five ceremonies fell. Wei is not only knowledgeable, but also familiar with old instruments. He is determined by the national rules and regulations. Wen Han of Zen Buddhism participated in the previous discussion. Gaozu often said that Pei Ji said, "Uncle Sun Tong can't add anything." In the first year of Wude, Bai Neishi ordered. Wei's theory of playing is elegant and elegant, and it refers to the ancient times as an imperial edict. Gaozu attached great importance to it, or introduced it into the bedroom, often as a knee pad. He also said: "There was an eight-pillar country in the Zhou Dynasty, and my government and I were invited to this position." Since I am the son of heaven, I am the official of the civil history. This time is different from last time, but it is unfair. Xie Wei said, "My family used to be a consort of the Han Dynasty, but as for the three foreign clans of the later Wei Dynasty, your majesty Longxing returned to the later dynasty. "I am also in a good position, and I am sitting in the Phoenix Pool, so I am arrogant. I am afraid at dawn." Gaozu smiled and said, "Look at the Kanto people marrying Cui and Lu. Are they expensive or not? They are hesitant and dare not criticize." And feel sick, high-impedance to ask. I found a pawn, and my family ran out of money, leaving a thin burial. Scene, with the same state secretariat, after sealing Yanan county. On the day of burial, the prince and officials were summoned and sent out. There are ten volumes in the anthology.
Dou Wei, also known as Fufeng Pinglu, is the younger brother of the stepfather of Empress Dowager Tai. Father Dou Chi used to be a teacher in Sui Dynasty. Dou Wei's family has made outstanding contributions all their lives. His brothers advocate martial arts, but Dou Wei likes literature and history. He is honest and frank, and abides by his true intentions. All his brothers laughed at him and called him a bookworm. The literature and history of the Sui Dynasty made Li a great success in the imperial examination. He was the first in archery and strategy and became a secretary. After the expiration of his term of office, he was ready to change jobs, but he stayed, worked as a secretary for more than ten years, and his studies improved. At that time, Dou Wei's brother became a great official through the meritorious military service and made friends with dignitaries. The guests were all from their family. However, officials in Dou Wei are very idle. The brothers even laughed at him and said, "Confucius was a saint when he was studying, but he was still embarrassed at that time." What do you want to do after learning from him? It is normal for the official position to be small. " Dou Wei smiled and made no answer. They all came to Shu's relegated archives. Because Xiu Xiu didn't obey the law, he resigned and returned to his hometown on the grounds of illness. After Xiu was demoted, most of the officials together were found guilty. Only Dou Wei had the foresight to save himself. Daye (year number) has been promoted to a folk historian for four years. Because remonstration offended the emperor, he moved the idea of taking the doctor's exam, and later returned to Beijing because some things were not done. Tang Gaozu entered Hulao Pass, called and completed the army in the Prime Minister's Office. At that time, there were many wars and rules were broken. Dou Wei is knowledgeable. Knowing the old rules and regulations, he redesignated these, and most Zen monks participated in them. Tang Gaozu said to Pei Ji many times: "Uncle Sun Tong is not much better than him." In the first year (year number) of Wude, a literature and history order was made. When Dou Wei plays, he is solemn and quotes classics. Tang Gaozu admired him very much. Sometimes take him to the bedroom and often sit and chat. The emperor once said, "In the previous Zhou Dynasty, there were eight pillars of the country, and I was just like your family. Now I am the son of heaven, and you are the governor of the civil history. It is basically the same, but the level is different. " Dou Wei thanked the emperor and said, "My family was the emperor's in-laws in the Han Dynasty, but in the later Wei Dynasty, I became the emperor's in-laws three times. Your majesty is respected and can be compared with the queen's family. We are going to be in-laws, and our status is so high that we will be scared sooner or later. " He said with a smile, "I want Kanto people to marry Cui and Lu Wei and ascend the throne of nobility. When they are developed, they will be proud. You have been the emperor's in-laws for generations, isn't it particularly prominent? " When Dou Wei was seriously ill, Tang Gaozu went to see him himself. Shortly after Dou Wei's death, there was not much money at home. His last words were simple: to hold a funeral. Posthumous title, the imperial court is Jing, posthumous title is the secretariat of the same state, and posthumous title is the Duke of Yan 'an. On the day of burial, the emperor ordered the prince to go out with the civil and military officials to see him off. He has ten volumes of anthology.
4. Reading classical Chinese: Chen Dengyun, whose word is Conglong, and Chen Dengyun, a native of Tangshan, translated the full text:
Chen Dengyun is from Tangshan, and his name is Conglong. In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), he was a scholar and served as the order of Yanling County. Best political achievements, promoted to suggestion. Liaodong elaborated ten countermeasures to stabilize the border, and requested to speed up the system of rewarding the first meritorious service. Later, it was changed to the governor of Shanxi.
After returning to Beijing, it happened that courtiers were arguing over the establishment of the Chu army. Chen Dengyun thought that the discussion was delayed because the imperial concubine's family was playing tricks in the dark. In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), Zheng Chengxian, the father of the imperial concubine, was impeached for the disaster in June, saying, "Zheng Chengxian has ulterior motives and covets Chu Jun. He communicates with eunuchs every day, discusses countermeasures and makes friends with villagers, warlocks, Taoist priests and monks. At the beginning, your majesty severely punished the impostor in the imperial examination hall. Zheng Chengxian's wife often threatened to expose things herself to intimidate Xun Gui and confuse court officials with clever words. Not only Huian was calculated by them, but even Zhonggong and the Empress Dowager's family carefully avoided their sharp edges. Your majesty's long-term rule of the country is the result of Zheng Hui, and Zheng Chengxian always tells people that it is the result of not having a prince. Interference with the ceremony has been planned for a long time. What can he not do in the future? Do not inspire the platform, just make a decision. Otherwise, even if you don't play music in the court, put on white clothes and stop the punishment, I am afraid that God will not agree, and the sky will become irresistible. " The imperial concubine and Zheng Chengxian lost their temper when they went to Shanghai. Colleagues also thought that Chen Dengyun was dangerous, but the emperor left Shanghai.
After many years, he impeached Liu Guangzu, the official department minister, Feng, the Sichuan assistant minister, Li Lai, the governor of Yingtian, Wang Zhixiang, Han, the official department minister Luo, and Nanjing Taifu. All the officials in the imperial court were afraid of him. At that time, it was just the time for the exam, so Chen Dengyun said to me: "Recently, the suggestion was afraid of * * * before noon, and he became gentle; After noon, honest people become flattering. Is there no upright person in the meantime, but they are invincible and have no place to live? In the past twenty years, only one or two people have been promoted to upright Beijing officials. Behind the emperor's back, cultivating henchmen and begging for mercy, such as the so-called' seven jackals' and' eight dogs', accounted for half of the suggestions. Taiwan Province's remonstrance is to uphold justice for the world, and people have been trampled to this extent. How can we expect him to do things honestly and get rid of traitors and scum for the country? Instead of shrinking because of misuse, it is better to examine the candidates carefully. " Therefore, the Chen Shu incident is dedicated to the emperor.
Working as a patrolman in Henan. There was a great famine that year, and people ate each other. Cui Yinglin, an agreement, saw people eating wild goose excrement in the lake, so he presented it to Chen Dengyun, and Chen Dengyun sent it to the court. The emperor immediately sent Cheng Sizhong and Huamin to distribute treasury silver to help the people. Chen Dengyun visited three places and held power strictly. According to the regulations, he should be promoted to Beijing official, but he was repeatedly detained by the palace, so he claimed to be ill and went home. He died soon after.
5. Hao Jingchun's translation of classical Chinese reading answers for reference:
Hao Jingchun, also known as Herman, is from Jiangdu. After passing the provincial examination, he was given instructions from Yancheng and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown because of his mistakes. He was appointed as the supervisor of manjuji, Ma Yuan, Shaanxi Province, and later transferred to Huangzhou, Zhao Mo, as the agent of Huang An County. Just three days after his arrival, the peasant rebels suddenly attacked the city. Jingchun and others held on for eight days and eight nights, and the rebels retreated.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), he was promoted to the magistrate of Fangxian County. Luo Rucai, the leader of the peasant uprising army, led the ninth battalion to ask Xiong Wencan to surrender. Wencan agreed to surrender, and you hesitated again. Jingchun came to the rebel barracks alone to persuade him, and formed an alliance with Confucian scholars and their companions Bai Gui and Hei Yunxiang. You just surrendered to Wen Shenjun, and all his battalions are stationed in Zhuxi Valley, Baokang, and you, Gui and Yun Xiang are stationed in the suburbs of Fangxian County. At that time, the walls of Yunyang counties were destroyed, and only Fangxian relied on Jingchun to appease them, which was generally defensible. However, during this period, residents are restless day and night. Jing Chun, Zhu Bangwen, the chief bookkeeper, and Yang Daoxuan, the garrison, were repairing fortifications while living in harmony with the rebel battalions.
In the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639), in May, Zhang Qibing attacked the Ming Dynasty and Gucheng, asking you to act together. Jing Chunzi and Hao Mingluan are still students and have the courage to be defeated by ten thousand people. He said to his father, "Fangxian County is the enemy's target, with only 200 tired and thin soldiers. How can the city hold? " He put on his armor and came to you, saying, "Didn't you read the oath you swore to my father when you burned incense?"? I hope you will be careful not to get into trouble with Zhang. "You made a false promise. Ming Luan knew that he was insincere and came back to defend the city with Dao Xuan. At this time, the striker sent by him had arrived at the gate. Ming Luan and other rebel generals went to Tianlong and sent envoys to Xiong Wencan for help. They have been there fourteen times, but they haven't seen Wen Can.
Soon, the rebel brigade went to Fangxian County to offer loyal soldiers to play the white flag, while the talented team played the red flag. Suddenly the two armies met and besieged each other. Rebel generals Bai Gui and Black Yun Xiang shouted to the city: "Give our city and make sure nothing happens." Dedication made Zhang Dajing surrender. Jingchun cursed, reprimanded, defended and fought for five days and five nights in the city. The rebels suffered heavy losses. Zhong Xian's left foot was injured, and his beloved steed was also killed. Zhang Sanxi, the garrison commander, opened the north gate to let you into the city. The city was breached and Daoxuan died in street fighting. Dajing advised you to persuade Jingchun to surrender, but Jingchun refused. When he asked him where the treasure was, Jingchun snapped, "If there is treasure in the vault, you can't break the city!" The rebels killed a Canon of History and a garrison to intimidate him, but Jing Chun never gave in and was killed with his son Ming Luan. His servants Chen Yi and Zhu Bangwen are both dead. Hearing this, the imperial court granted Jing Chun the protection of Shao Qing, built a shrine for worship, and later gave Shao Qing in Taibu Temple.
6. Li's answer to reading classical Chinese (22) Li Baode
Li's government is very poor. He goes the same way and pushes money to help him every time. The public feels its significance and worships it as a brother. Looking for the first scholar, Li Sheng sent someone to serve the book diligently. He just thanked him and said nothing. The scholar was ashamed and said that he forgot the past, so he no longer heard from each other.
Ten years later, the public is the left phase, so he played the meaning of the previous week's shirt, and he is willing to award an official to repay his virtue. The imperial edict went straight to Zuotang. Mi robe, for the generals in the book kingdom, sent to CCBA. It is good for the public to catch up with the past. Xie said, "I never dare to forget the past." Fortunately, I was wronged and got what I wanted. "
Then the public will receive publicity to a great extent, which is beyond the reach of narrow-minded people.
[Note] ① Ceremony: describes sincere and profound friendship. ② Zhou T-shirt: Care and help. 3 handling: communication, communication. It means care and help here. (4) Fortunately, the emperor was wrong to send kindness and won the trust and reuse of the emperor. This is a sign of modesty. ⑤ Broad-minded: Broad-minded and long-sighted.
1. Explain the words added in the text.
(1) means to forget the past ()
(2) I dare not forget ()
2. Explain underlined sentences in the text in modern Chinese.
The national general of this book, send it to CCBA.
3. Why is Li's "courtesy" only a "thank you" after he entered the Jinshi?
4. What kind of person is Li?
Reference answer
1, (1) old friend, old friend (2) very
(Li) wrote to state officials and asked them to escort Li Sheng to his place.
3, because at that time can't use action to repay Li Sheng's kindness.
4. Kindness and magnanimity.
7. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1)① Call Zou Yuanbiao the leader of Lindong Party. Those people hated him even more when they heard about it. (3) The annual expenses are not enough. (2) (1) Story: According to the old practice; Traditionally, when troops are short of manpower, they are allowed to ask for help, and most of these old and weak people are supplemented by bribes. Gou: If; Although: even though, the translation of that sentence is: besides, things between heaven and earth have their own owners. If they don't belong to me, even a little bit can't be used. (3) According to the original sentence "Be kind to black and white. Or persuade him to be a snake, and Banghua said,' Better be a poor scholar than a repeated villain.' "Its characteristics can be summarized as: integrity. Answer: (When 660 troops are short of staff, they are allowed to ask for instructions to supplement. Most of these old and weak people are supplemented by bribes. In addition, things between heaven and earth have their own owners. If they don't belong to me, even a little bit can't be used. (3) Honest and clean reference translation: Li Banghua, whose name is Meng Dark, is from Jishui. In his early years, he followed his fellow villagers to study, and followed his father, Li Ting, to take the provincial examination. Walk to Beijing to take the cloth test. In the second year, Banghua was admitted to a scholar. He was appointed as the magistrate of Jingxian county with excellent political achievements. In forty-four years, Li Banghua claimed to be ill and returned to his hometown. At that time, a group of thugs tried to crowd out Lindong party member and called Zou Yuanbiao the leader of Lindong Party. Banghua and Yuan Biao are fellow villagers, friends and teachers. They like to distinguish right from wrong. He was advised to be tactful. Li Banghua said: Don't be a fickle villain. " Those people hated him even more when they heard about it. In the second year, Li Banghua was transferred to Shandong Senate according to the number of years. His father, Li Tingjian, was a doctor of Nanjing punishments at that time, and was also dismissed from office and went home. Li Banghua then refused to get sick and did not go to his post. In April of the first year of the Apocalypse, the court promoted him as the right suggestion and made him succeed Bi as the governor of Tianjin. "Guinness army has become a model of the town. In the summer of four years, when Li Banghua arrived in Beijing, eunuchs made a scene, saying that Sun Chengzong, the government of Shu, wanted to get rid of the bad guys around the emperor when he came to appear before the emperor on the Wanshou Festival. Actually, Banghua sent him. Emperor Xizong immediately ordered Chengzong to return to his post, and Li Banghua called in sick. In the autumn of the following year, the eunuch impeached and removed Banghua from office. In the spring of the second year of Chongzhen, Li Banghua was appointed Minister of War. The Beijing camp has the disadvantages of taking possession and taking false risks. Occupation is that soldiers work hard for generals. The false risk is that there are no such individuals in the army. Generals, eunuchs and powerful men all pretend to be able-bodied men in the army with their servants, and receive a thick salary every month. Li Banghua made an inventory, recovered 10,000 soldiers who occupied the clothing, and cleared 1,000 people. The strength of the 3rd Battalion exceeds100000. When the strength of the Beijing battalion is insufficient, it is allowed to report an increase. Most of these old and weak people came in by bribery. Banghua personally tested all the soldiers in each battalion, but not all the able-bodied men were not hired. Since then, there have been few soldiers in Beijing battalion who have just filled their positions. In the winter of fifteen years, Li Banghua was in charge of the affairs of Nanjing Douchayuan, and soon took over from Wei Liu Zuodu Yushi. In February of seven years, Li Zicheng captured Shanxi. Li Banghua secretly wrote a letter asking the emperor to stick to the capital and imitate Yongle. Let the prince go to Nanjing to supervise the country. The emperor said, "It is the duty of the monarch to die for his country. My mind has been made up." So he refused to consider Li Banghua's plan. Soon, the thieves and robbers arrived in Beijing. Li Banghua wanted to go to the city to fight, but he was stopped by a group of eunuchs, so that they could not get on. 18, the outer city fell, and Banghua went to the Wenxinguo ancestral hall for the night. The next day, the inner city also fell. Then he hanged himself. Li Banghua was canonized as a senior official of CPIC and was canonized as Wen Zhong.
8. Classical Chinese reading answers Liu Xianchuan translated Liu Xianchuan in Ming Dynasty:
Liu Xian, a native of Nanchang, was born with a big figure and unparalleled physical strength. When he was young, his family was poor and he made a living as a helper. Catch up with the famine, he couldn't stand hunger and pain because of overeating, so he had the idea of suicide. He went to an abandoned shrine to hang himself, but he didn't want to hang himself twice in a row. They all failed because the rope and rafters were broken. Liu Xian thought there was a man of God to protect him, so he left and mourned. He hung out among a group of porters and worked as a servant. After a year, he went to Sichuan, a land of abundance, lived in a temple, and lived by working for a short time and stealing offerings from the temple. He locked the stolen offering in a big clock and it took him a long time to be found. His magical physical strength is regarded as heaven and earth. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing, the Miao people in Yibin, southern Sichuan, rebelled, and Governor Zhang Hao recruited soldiers to counter the rebellion. Under the persuasion of all, Liu Xian was drafted into the army. In the first battle, he took the lead in dancing two big hay cutters, personally cut down 50 or 60 people and captured three thieves. After the army advanced, the rebellion was wiped out in one fell swoop, and Liu Xian became famous from a pawn to a deputy thousand households. After that, he went to the battlefield and was promoted to company commander for seven years. His rapid promotion is rare among military commanders in past dynasties.
Reference:
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note:
Liang Shu Liu Xianchuan and heather Liu Xianchuan are unknown.