According to Lu Rong's Notes of Ming Dynasty, on that day, he had seen the imperial examination (namely palace examination) recorded by Ming Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang) in the fourth year of Hongwu (A.D. 137 1). At that time, the officials involved in the palace examination affairs were arranged as follows:
(1) General adjustment
Chief dispatcher: the official in charge of overall command and dispatch of the palace examination.
Chief transfer officer setting: two members.
Two officials from Zhongshu Province.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhongshu Province followed the yuan system and was placed under Zhongshu Province. The prime minister was in charge of state affairs and commanded six ministries, with heavy authority. In the 13th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1380), Zhu Yuanzhang killed Prime Minister Hu, took the opportunity to abolish Zhongshu Province, took charge of six ordinary governments, and directly obeyed himself. The centralization of the emperor was unprecedentedly strengthened. After the wasted Chinese books are saved, only the Chinese books are kept.
(2) Examiner
Examiner: the marking officer in the imperial examination, appointed as a minister by the emperor. It was first named in the Song Dynasty, along the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Marking staff setting: four people.
1, a drink offering;
Imperial academy, the head of imperial academy wine festival, or the education chief of imperial academy.
2. A doctor;
Dr. Guo Zi is proficient in an art academically and holds an official position of teaching students.
3. Give it to a person in this matter;
In the Ming dynasty, he was in charge of attendants, remonstrated, filled vacancies, collected materials, tried, refuted imperial edicts, refuted imperial edicts, supervised six ministries, impeached officials and supplemented the imperial history. In addition, it is also responsible for recording the compilation of imperial edicts and supervising the implementation of various departments; After the provincial examination, he will try to be an examiner, and the palace examination is the examiner (there may be differences before and after); When conferring knighthood on the royal family or princes or informing foreign countries, they should act as principals and envoys; Accept an unfair lawsuit, etc. Low quality and heavy weight. At first, it was defined as positive five products, and later it changed its number and its grade.
4. Write about a person.
There are officials who compile the Tang History Museum and are in charge of national history. There is an editor in the Song Dynasty Records Institute, who is responsible for compiling records; The National History Institute of Liao Dynasty and imperial academy in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties all had editors. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, A was usually awarded the first scholar. Generally, after palace examination was announced, the so-called champion was awarded to imperial academy. Refer to The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Records of Hundred Officials II and A General Examination of Qing Dynasty Literature, Official Seven.
(3) Examiner
Invigilator: An official in charge of supervision in imperial examinations.
Supervisor Settings: Two.
Advice and history.
The establishment of Duchayuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties was actually Duchayuan. Duchayuan, official signature. The highest organ of supervision, impeachment and remonstrance in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Hongwu period in Ming Taizu, Yushitai was changed to Douchayuan, and the chief officer was left and right Yushi, which was second-class; There is a vice capital empire, which is the positive three products, and there is a left and right capital empire, which is the positive four products. According to the thirteen ways, set up a supervision suggestion, patrol the counties, and investigate and deal with the dismissal of officials.
(4) Officials in charge of volumes, books and printing.
Official in charge of examination papers: an official in charge of examination paper management.
Examinee: an official in charge of collecting examination papers of examinees.
Sealing officer: an official in charge of sealing test papers.
Setting of the official in charge of roll call, the official in charge of roll call and the official in charge of roll call: one each.
One person is in charge.
In the Ming Dynasty, officials were placed in charge of various ministries, and the official rank rose from seven grades to six grades, which was the lowest level among all ministries.
(5) read the official.
Reader: An official in charge of proofreading the manuscript of Zhu Juan and Mojuan in the imperial examination.
Reading officer settings: two members.
Cheng sihe editor.
Cheng Si's position in the Ming Dynasty was different, whether he was a master or a slave.
The compilation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties belongs to the Hanlin Academy, and the position of the seven-product compilation is second only to the compilation, and it is also called a historian with the editor. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Imperial Academy was edited by one scholar, two scholars and three people who stayed in Jishi Shu, but there was no real position.
(6) Search prisoners and check prison gates.
Search for documents: responsible for searching for documents in and out of imperial examinations, documents or examinations.
Warden patrol: responsible for guarding the entrance to the examination room and patrolling the examination room.
Search and check the settings for weapons and door patrols: one person in each office.
There is one mayor in every place.
In order to strengthen centralized rule, the town governor Zhu Yuanzhang specially ordered the Royal Guards to be in charge of the prison, giving them the right to inspect and arrest, and set up the town governor's office to engage in reconnaissance, arrest and interrogation activities without going through the judicial department.
(7) No mention of officers.
The Ministry of Rites is the organizer of the court examination, so there are specially appointed officials to command and dispatch the Ministry of Rites.
The Ministry of Rites promotes the transfer of officials: two members.
Shangshu two people.
The above is the personnel arrangement of the court examination in the early Ming Dynasty.
In addition to personnel arrangement, there is also a test plan.
The so-called imperial examination strategy is the topic of formulating imperial examination strategy.
In addition, there is a second honor.
The so-called honor is a series of activities, such as entrance examination, passing on art, posting, giving thanks at the table, explaining dishes in Confucius Temple, erecting a monument in imperial academy, etc.
Let's take a look at an example of the court exam in the early Ming Dynasty.
Ming Taizu Hongwu four years (AD 137 1) held the palace examination on February 19th.
On the 20 th day of the lunar calendar, roll call outside the noon gate, display the imperial list, and listen to the sermon in Fengtian Hall. On the same day, in addition to the title, there were thanks from Fengtianmen.
On the 22nd day of the lunar calendar, Zhongshu Province hosted a banquet.
On the 23rd of the lunar calendar, we studied in Guo Zi to pay homage to sages and explain food.
First place, * * * three, awarded to Jinshi He, of which: the first place was awarded to Yuan Wailang; The first, second and third prizes are awarded to the headmaster;
Second, * * * 17th, in view of the Jinshi origin, all awarded to the master.
The third place, * * * 100, both from Jinshi, was awarded to Xiancheng.
The place of origin under the name of the enthronement is basically the same as that after the Ming Dynasty.
The imperial examination system in the early Ming Dynasty was relatively simple.
Second, the records of Deng Ke, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty.
Later, Jin chased Lu.
(a) the first record
The date when officials of the Ministry of Rites invited them to the palace for examination, the number of books they read together, the position of deacon, and the rank of Jinshi origin. The imperial edict allows it to be called yuyin.
(2) Secondary record
Names of officials who read, transfer, supervise, receive, seal, hand, patrol, seal and supply.
(3) Record again:
On March 15th of the lunar calendar, you Gong Shi went to the Inner Palace to take the entrance examination.
Emperor pro-Fengtian Temple, pro-measurement strategy.
The next morning, the officials of civil and military affairs were dressed in royal robes, and the Royal Guards set up halogen books in Dancheng and Inner City (the ritual ceremony of the emperor).
The emperor personally served Fengtian Hall; Crack the official biography, roll call; Officials from the Ministry of Rites saluted the Imperial List and hung it outside the left gate of Chang 'an under the guidance of drum music. After the royal list was hung up, Shuntianfu officials sent the champion back to the first place with umbrellas, ceremonial ceremonies and attendants.
On the fourth day, the emperor gave a banquet and gave a banquet in the Ministry of Rites. After the banquet, the first person went to crack hon temple to learn etiquette.
On the fifth day, the champion was presented with a crown belt and Jinshi Bao banknotes (the only official banknotes issued in the Ming Dynasty). )。
On the sixth day, the champion introduced you to the table and thanked the emperor.
On the seventh day, the champion and other scholars visited the Confucius Temple, a former teacher, and held a ceremony to explain the dishes.
At the invitation of does, the imperial court ordered the Ministry of Industry to erect a monument for imperial academy, the first person.
When the court has other important affairs, the date of the entrance examination will pass.
This series of activities is the second place of honor.
(4) Record again:
Jinshi jiadi
There are three people in the first armor, given to Jinshi and.
In the second category, many people were awarded Jinshi origin.
There are several people in the third family who are related to Jinshi.
Everyone's name is accompanied by a family statement (a statement describing resume, three generations, hometown, year, appearance, etc.) ).)。
The format of the first person's home is as follows:
Through a house, state, county, nationality, students. Treat meridians. A certain word, a few lines, how old, and a certain day of birth. Great grandfather. Zumou. Father. Mother's surname. Grandparents and parents live in Chongqing, while younger parents live in Qing, younger father lives in Yan's family name, younger father lives in cishi's family name, and younger parents live in Eternity. Brother, brother and surname are all married. I won the first place in the provincial exam somewhere, so I won the first place.
(5) Final record:
The countermeasures formulated by the palace examination include three people in one armor.
This article is based on a passage from Deng Shilong's Ming History Volume 73 Lu Rong's Yuan Yuan Zaji.
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