1. Corridor: Originally referred to the aisle under the eaves, it later evolved into various forms, such as: long corridor, short corridor, cloister, flying corridor, half-wall corridor, etc.
2. Pavilion: The wooden structure building on the platform is called pavilion. Its characteristic is that it only has pillar windows and no walls. Those near water are called waterside pavilions.
3. Veranda: Originally refers to the corridor around the high hall, that is, the corridor house; later, the small rooms opposite and on both sides of the main house were called veranda (wǔ)
4. Xiangwu : Xiang, also written as "box" in ancient Chinese. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "In the hall, the main room is in the middle, and the rooms on the left and right are called the east room and the west room." The east room and west room mentioned here refer to the side rooms. According to data from the Han Dynasty, the ancients also built a wall outside the hall. Among them, the northern half, that is, the interval between the room and the wall, is called the East Wing and the West Wing, and the southern half is called the East Hall and the West Hall, also called the East Chamber and the West Chamber.
There is a view that the chamber refers to the east-west room of the main room where the king works. "The Biography of Zhou Chang" contains: "Queen Lu listened intently to the east chamber." Later, people called the houses on both sides of the main house distributed in the north-south direction "side chambers".
5. House: "She" generally refers to a house. "Shuowen Jiezi" says that "she" refers to a place where people live in the city, including inns, hotels, cottages and the like. In ancient proverbs, the house given by the emperor is called a marquis house; an inn or the like is called a hostel. People also use "she" as a pronoun to refer to a dilapidated or humble home. Such as "cottage", "cottage", "humble house", etc.
6. Xuan: Xuan is a corridor or small room with a window sill. Originally it refers to the higher part of the car (the lower part is called 轾). In ancient times, a car with a curtain and a high front roof was also called a xuan. Tao Qian's poem "Drinking": "The roar is under the east pavilion." Du Fu's poem "Summer Night Sigh": "Open the pavilion to enjoy the slight coolness." The platform under the eaves in front of the hall is also called a pavilion. In ancient times, the emperor did not sit in the main hall but received his ministers on the platform in front of the hall, which was called "Linxuan".
7. Zhai: Zhai in ancient times generally refers to study rooms and schools. Zhai often means being pure and quiet, reading and thinking about your mistakes.
8. Sleeping: When it comes to sleeping, what people often think of is the bedroom. "Erya Shigong" says: "There are rooms without east and west compartments for daily sleeping." That is to say, in ancient times, halls without east and west compartments were collectively called sleeping rooms. In the Zhou Dynasty, the big dormitory was called the hall, and the small dormitory was called the room. Bedroom also means referring to the imperial palace. Later, people called the large room where many people slept called a dormitory.
9. Building: The so-called "building" refers to a house with many floors, which was called a double house in ancient times. There is a line in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" that "there is a tall building in the northwest, and the top is even with the floating clouds". It can be seen that the "building" at that time was almost the same as the "building" referred to now. However, according to ancient records, in ancient times, most of the buildings people lived in were two-story wooden or southern bamboo buildings. No one lives upstairs, but some sundries are kept there.
10. Pavilion: As a unique architectural form in ancient times, "ge" initially refers to the pavilion board. Later, the pavilion became a small elevated building corresponding to the building. Most of them are quadrilateral or polygonal, with carved railings and corridors around them, and are used for collecting books and visiting gardens to overlook the distance. In the south, small rooms on buildings are also called pavilions. In ancient times, some places where women lived were also called "ge". Therefore, when a woman got married, there was a saying of "leaving the pavilion".
Extended information:
The national characteristics of ancient Chinese residences:
Residences are distributed throughout the country. Due to the nation’s historical traditions, living customs, humanistic conditions, and aesthetics, Due to different concepts and different natural conditions and geographical environments in various places, the layout, structural methods, shapes and detailed features of residential houses are also different, showing simplicity and nature, but with their own characteristics.
Especially in folk houses, people of all ethnic groups often reflect their wishes, beliefs and aesthetic concepts, what they most hope and love most, into the houses in real or symbolic ways. Decoration, pattern, color and style are included in the structure.
For example, the cranes, deer, bats, magpies, plums, bamboos, lilies, Ganoderma lucidum, swastika patterns, and key patterns of the Han people, the lotus of the Bai people of Yunnan, the elephants, peacocks, and betel nut tree patterns of the Dai people. In this way, the folk houses of various ethnic groups in various regions show colorful and colorful ethnic characteristics.
The mainstream of traditional residences in various regions of China is regular residences, with the Beijing courtyard house, which is laid out in a central axis symmetry, as a typical representative. Beijing's courtyard houses are divided into front and back courtyards. The main house in the middle has the most respected structure. It is the place where family rituals are held and distinguished guests are received. The houses face the courtyard and are connected by verandas.
Although the courtyard house in Beijing is a concrete expression of the patriarchal concept and family system in Chinese feudal society in residential architecture, the courtyard is wide, well-sized, quiet and friendly, with well-organized flowers and trees, making it an ideal outdoor living space.
Most of the houses in North China and Northeast China have this kind of spacious courtyard. Residential buildings do not have a set of programmed rules, regulations and practices like official buildings. Houses can be built according to local natural conditions, their own economic level and the characteristics of building materials, according to the location and materials. It can freely use the best wisdom of the working people and build according to its own needs and the inherent laws of architecture.
Therefore, the most essential things in architecture can be fully reflected in folk houses: the functions are practical and reasonable, the design is flexible, the material structure is economical, and the appearance is simple.
In particular, the vast number of builders and users of folk houses are the same. They design, build and use themselves. Therefore, the practice of folk houses is more people-oriented, economical and realistic, and can best reflect the characteristics of the nation and the local area. feature.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Chinese Traditional Houses