2. Description of the specific situation of incense, sachets and aromatherapy used in ancient times, the real spices are not produced in China, but far away in western countries, as stated in the short preface written by your fragrant workshop: ",,,,,,,,,,and, treasure foreign countries, not from middle earth" ("Song Ye Attached Hole Xi").
In the Han Dynasty, even Ma Huanghou, an expensive queen, said, "I am the mother of the world, but I wear a lot of clothes, and I don't want to eat sweet food, but I wear silk and cloth, and I don't have any aromatherapy accessories." (The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Mingde and Ma Huanghou) Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the palace has burned incense and smoked cigarettes for aristocratic houses, and ordinary people have no happiness.
According to historical records, the toilet of the rich man Shi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "there are often more than ten maids waiting on them, all of whom are graceful, with fried nail powder and agarwood juice. Anyone who goes to the toilet is easy to get new clothes out, and guests are embarrassed to take off their clothes. " (Biography of Wang Dun in the Book of Jin) Liu Ao, a thrifty housekeeper, once went to Shi Chong's house to go to the toilet. When he saw a crimson curtain and a beautiful mattress, two servants were holding sachets, and then they retired. They laughed and said,' I strayed into your inner ear' and said,' This is a toilet ear'.
I said,' Poor people can't do this' (Biography of Liu Ao in the Book of Jin). An aristocratic family like Liu Ao can't afford it, let alone a family that never sleeps. Since the Song and Ming Dynasties, on the basis of tribute, overseas trade has been greatly expanded, and various spices have been brought into China by sea ships. All kinds of folk incense are also very popular. Incense plays an increasingly important role in people's lives, and its uses are more extensive and diversified, which greatly enriches people's lives.
However, the use of incense in China's ancient life generally includes the following aspects: Incense: The dignitaries in ancient China noticed the wonderful use of incense long ago, and smoked and burned spices to drive away the peculiar smell. Toilets in Shi Chong used to be famous for burning incense, but later it became a joke.
Before Shi Chong, incense often appeared in palaces. At that time, incense was mostly produced in the western countries far away from the Central Plains. At the same time, the overseas trade of the Central Plains has not yet developed. The only spices in the palace were obtained through the tributes from western countries. Incense has also become the earliest custom in the palace, mostly used to smoke clothes and quilts.
The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Zhong Chuan, records that "Cai Yong's Han Dynasty said:' When merchants entered Taiwan, the officials presented white silk quilts or brocade quilts as new youth. He stayed up all night, drawing curtains, handing pillows and lying down, changing things at any time in winter and summer. Too official for food, five days to eat, the emperor first class.
There is a scholar and two waitresses, both of whom are right. The ambassador returned the car door from beginning to end, and the waitress Xuan Shi was dressed and smoked with a censer. Starting from the entrance of Taichung, he protected his clothes.
B: Yes. "It can be seen that baking clothes with incense was customized in the palace at that time, and there was a naked clothing building dedicated to baking clothes with incense. There is an ancient palace saying: "The west wind is too liquid, and the bright moon is like a hook, which can't help adding fragrance to Qiu Cui.
Burn out two rows of red candles, and people will be exposed overnight. "At that time, there were many instruments for burning incense, mainly chimneys and smoking cages.
In the tomb of Zhongjing Wang Liu Sheng in Mancheng, Hebei Province, the "bronze fuming stove" and "lifting cage" unearthed are the utensils used to fumigate clothes; Among the cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui No.1 Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, there is also a fumigation cage specially used for incense clothing. In the Han dynasty, Boshan incense burner was famous all over the world.
Smokers were more popular in the Tang Dynasty, and were covered on stoves for incense, baking or heating. The Old Story of the East Palace records that "Prince Nafei has a lacquer painting smoking cage 2, a big quilt smoking cage 3 and a clothes smoking cage 3".
There are also many palace words that reflect the life in the palace at this time, referring to this kind of incense cage, such as "the jade pillow in the incense cage has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time." (Tang Wang Changling's "Poems of Long Letter and Autumn") "Beauty thinks before she is old, and she sits in the Ming Dynasty by leaning on a smoke cage."
(Bai Juyi's Gong Ci) "Cherry blossoms fall to the last month, like a bed leaning against a smoked cage" (Li Yu's Xie Xin 'en), "The phoenix tent was smoked by disciples, and the solitary flowers locked thousands of doors" (Wen's Qingpingle). As far as archaeology is concerned, a large number of gold and silver products smoked cages have also been unearthed in Anfamen Temple in Xi.
Carved gold and silver, finely carved, very delicate, all royal items. In addition to a large number of smoking cages, there are various animal-shaped smoking stoves for heating, especially after the Tang Dynasty.
Duck-shaped and lion-shaped copper fuming stoves were popular among some officials and scholars in Song Dynasty, which were called "fragrant duck" and "golden jade". Ning He's "He Manzi" contains "I love the fragrant duckling and envy him for hanging the curtain", and Zhou Bangyan's "Qingmen Drink" contains "There are stars in the secluded pavilion, sleepless nights and empty snuff.
Fog smells like a duck, ice condenses tears, and frost is hard to know. In He Zhu's "Unfortunate Love", there are also words like "Sleeping ducks by the fireside, fragrant ducks in the screen, ashamed to hide incense". The "fragrant duck" and "sleeping duck" here are all utensils used for incense and warmth. Li Qingzhao, a famous poetess, also mentioned the incense burner many times when describing her life. For example, in Phoenix Terrace, it is written that "the fragrance is cold and golden, the waves turn to the world of mortals, and I get up and comb my hair carelessly", and in Drunk Flowers, it is written that "the fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the golden beast is refreshed".
Not only Li Qingzhao, Zhou Zizhi's "Partridge Sky" also has the words "tune treasure and dial gold, then sing partridge words together", and Xu Shen's "Erlang God" also has the words "try on spring clothes, think about your hands, draw through gold, and get cold". Generally speaking, incense in the south is more common than that in the north. One reason is that "the land is close to the mountain, clothes are expensive and cigarettes are expensive" as Zhou Bangyan said in Man Ting Fang. Another reason is that there are many boils in the south, and the concept of using incense to drive away evil spirits and filth is very common. As Tu Long said in Cangshan, the rest of the exams are mainly based on incense.
"The History of Yan's Incense" also said that "not only for fumigation, but also for the five internal organs, only for the spleen to enjoy incense, so as to nourish the nose and get through the mind, looking at special diseases"; There is also plenty of water in southern Web.dlcom.org, which makes it easy for mosquitoes to breed. Incense is a good way to repel mosquitoes. Hanging incense: There was a custom of wearing incense in ancient times. In Erya Shi Qi, "a woman's slap is called a slap".
Guo Pu's Note: It is today's fragrant tassel. "The Ministry of Culture said," Curtains.