2. For emperors and officials: I, lonely, widowed, king, minister, minister, junior official, last general, general, governor and commander-in-chief. 3. In a more popular way, I am born late, studying late, incompetent, slave (female), next generation, born late, sage (early vernacular), old man, poor monk (monk) and old woman (monk).
4. "Yu" and "Yu" were commonly used in ancient times, often used as subject, object and attribute, indicating singular. For example, Su Shi's Shi Zhongshan Collection said that "the ancients did not bully me" (the ancients did not bully me); Mencius Zhang Wan is "cooked and eaten" (I have cooked and eaten). 5. "I" and "I" are common in ancient books and can be used as subject, object and attribute. Depending on the context, they can be plural. For example, in Historical Records of Xiang Yu, "Today is a knife, and I am a fish. Why should I quit?" Others are knives and chopping boards, and we are slaughtered fish and meat. Why should we leave? Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang "What the teacher said has a great influence on me" (What the teacher said touched me greatly and made me feel suddenly enlightened).
6. "I" was originally a general self-address in the pre-Qin period, such as Qu Yuan's Li Sao and my emperor Kao Boyong (my father's name is Boyong); After Qin Shihuang, it became a special synonym that can only be used for emperors. For example, "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography" "I am the first emperor, and there are many descendants, and the second and third generations will last forever and spread endlessly" (I am the first emperor). 7. "Ang" is often used in The Book of Songs, such as "The Book of Songs has bitter leaves" and "Ang needs my friends whether people participate in Ang or not" (others have crossed the river, but I didn't, so I have to wait for my friends).
8. "Nong" belongs to Wu dialect and was used as the first person pronoun in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
2. How does the word "I" say me, Yu, Yu, Fool, Me and Me in ancient Chinese?
Before Qin Dynasty: I was a widow.
Emperor: Me and me.
Empress Dowager Cixi: Mourning for the Family
Old man: old man, old man
Old woman: An old woman.
Monk: sage
Officer: Xiaguan
Women: concubines, parishes, slaves, maids.
Reader: small and incompetent
Servant: slave, old slave
Supplement: Popular: I, Wu, Yu, Yu, servant, miscellaneous, Ann, trivial, a boy, a junior, Xiao Ke, a humble person, a worthless fellow villager, a family, a rambling family, an old man (male) and an old woman (female).
Aristocratic class: lonely, lonely, widowed, me, not valley, sad family,
Officials: Beizhi, Vision Wei, Handmaiden (Manchu),
3. How to say "girl" in ancient Chinese "girl" is generally called "woman" in classical Chinese, or there are other names: beauty, tea, moth, powder, beauty, beauty and jasper.
Year, cardamom, week, etc. Most of these appellations for women focus on appearance and clothing makeup, for example:
1, tea. This refers to women's tea, not beautiful women. For example, Bai Juyi's Ode to Wine in the Tang Dynasty: "You should get drunk first tonight, so tea is annoying." Everyone is not drunk tonight and needs the help of beautiful women. )
2. Red skirt. This refers to the skirt worn by women and also refers to women. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's "Drunken Gift Book": "Chang 'an is full of rich children, and it is endless fun; I can't understand the lyrics, but I can indulge in the red dress. "Changan those rich kids, there are all kinds of gamey meat. If you don't know the elegant taste of literati drinking, you will only get drunk among women. )
3, red powder. This refers to rouge and white powder for women's makeup, and also refers to beautiful women. For example, Li Shangyin's "Ma Wei" in the Tang Dynasty: "Ji Ma Yan rhinoceros moved to the ground and buried the red powder into ashes." An Lushan's military forces were menacing, and the emperor was forced to give Yang a death present, which was buried in a hurry and soon turned to dust. The "red powder" here refers to Yang Guifei. )
4, powder. Here refers to the white powder painted on women's faces and the blue-black pigment used for thrush, which refers to beauty. For example, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow in the Tang Dynasty: "If she just turns her head and smiles, there will be hundreds of spells cast, and the six palaces will fade into nothing." Looking back and smiling, many people can be charmed, and all the concubines in the Sixth Hospital have lost their beauty. )
5, moth eyebrows. Here refers to the slender and curved eyebrows of women, which is synonymous with beauty. For example, Gao Shi's Song of the Frontier in the Tang Dynasty said, "Sluts fight from the army, while moths, eyebrows and cicadas keep empty boudoir." The husband has been in the army for many years, and the beautiful wife lives alone in the boudoir every day. )
6. Beauty. This refers to a woman's beautiful face, but also to a beautiful woman. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Wu's "Yuan Yuanqu": "Crying for six armies is a loss, and rushing to the crown is a beauty." The whole army cried and put on white mourning clothes, but they did not know that the general was angry for beauty. )
7. skirts. Because women wear skirts to insert women, they are called skirt girls. For example, Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions in Qing Dynasty: "I am a handsome man, and I am loyal." I think I am a man, but I am not as good as a woman. )
Extended data
Names of ancient women in past dynasties:
1, birth: refers to childhood. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, during the Jian 'an period, the peacock flew southeast and wrote, "When I was a daughter, I was born in the wild." Born in a small place, grew up in Shan Ye.
2. Total angle: total, bunching; Jiao, a small bun, means sending and receiving knots, that is, the way children's buns are separated upwards, commonly known as Xiaoya Jiao, so childhood is called "total angle". From The Book of Songs Qi Feng Fu Tian: "Wan Xi Bo Xi, General Corner is embarrassed." (translation: the beautiful child is so pitiful, and he is still wearing a small croissant braid. )
3. In ancient times, a girl who was 7 years old was called "Year of the Year". The word comes from Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden in Jin Dynasty: "I have yellow hair and enjoy myself." Old people and children are very comfortable and happy, and they have a good time. )
4, cardamom: especially suitable for girls aged thirteen or fourteen. From Du Mu's Farewell in the Tang Dynasty: "Thirteen watches, the first two months of cardamom." (Translation: Beautiful girl is light and beautiful, over thirteen years old; She is like a bean flower in February, with budding branches, tender leaves and beautiful flowers, swaying in the wind and beautiful. )
5, and logistics: ancient women 15 years old or older, there is logistics, because women 15 years old or older are logistics. It also means that you have reached marriageable age, such as "the year is over". From the Book of Rites: "A woman ... died five years later". When a woman reaches the age of fifteen, she needs to comb her hair. She is old enough to get married. )
6. Waiting for one year: refers to the adult marriage of women, also known as "waiting for a word". From the book "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty". Ye Fan, a Southern Song Dynasty poet, wrote "The Biography of Queen Mu Cao". The original text reads: "Cao Cao entered the three women's constitutions, festivals and Huawei, and hired 50,000 silks. The young ones stayed in the country for many years." "The young one will stay in this country for several years." Cao Cao married his three daughters, Cao Xian, Cao Jie and Cao Hua, to Liu Xie, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and received 50,000 silk as a dowry. The youngest daughter stayed in Guo Feng temporarily and was sent to the palace when she was old enough to get married. )
7. A: It means 50 years old. From the Confucian scholars' Book of Rites Quli Shang in the Qin and Han Dynasties, "Fifty Say Ai". Fifty hairs are as white as wormwood. )
8. Huajia (Ershun): refers to the 60-year-old name named after the trunk. From the Tang Dynasty Zhao Mu's "Duijiu", sixty flowers are handed out, and the cycle is like a pearl. Touching a 60-year-old beard with your hand is like playing with beads over and over again. 9. Shantou: refers to the elderly, also known as "white head". From "The Biography of Lu Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty": "Therefore, Duan Ying, Wu Yong, and the world are used to border affairs and have made great achievements." As a result, Qiu, who enjoys the reputation of a hero in the world, stuck to the border and dealt with the Qiang uprising with disheveled hair until his hair turned white. )
10, eighty or ninety years old: refers to eighty or ninety years old. The language "Han Caodui Nine Songs": "People are very old and can die. Enze is widely spread to plants and insects. " It is said that all old people can end up just because they live to the end. Your majesty, your kindness can even benefit plants, insects and fish. )
4. "Graduation" How did the ancients say to be a teacher in ancient Chinese?
In ancient times, learning was called a teacher. In ancient times, formal schools did not graduate, but they were never too old to learn until they succeeded in the exam. For example, Confucius, a model for generations, most of his students are lifelong followers. Of course, you can also give up the imperial examination and start a private school. It's called starting a career since school.
The word "teacher" first appeared in Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" as a title.
The original text is:
The ancient country is in danger, but you can let it go. Zhai San said, enter the ancestral temple and stand south; A man named Yu in the north joined the army, and the monarch held the shovel handle and gave the general an order, saying, "Take this to the army, and the general will cut it down." He replied: "If you see its weakness, you will advance, and if you see its weakness, you will retreat. Don't be expensive, don't defy the public with your own opinions, and don't lose loyalty by your own functions.
Scholars don't sit, scholars don't sit, scholars don't eat, don't eat, the same as cold and heat, and so on, which is dangerous; In this way, the Japanese will die, and so will the enemy. "Will be closed, chisel fierce door, led the army out. When he sent it, he knelt down and pushed the hub, saying, "When advancing and retreating, everything in the army is not up to you, it's up to you. "
If so, it is lawless, invincible and ownerless. Smart people should worry about it, and men should fight for it. Therefore, it can defeat the enemy from the outside and succeed from the inside, making it famous for future generations and benefiting future generations.
Interpretation of vernacular Chinese:
From ancient times to the present, when a country is in danger, the monarch will choose talented people as generals to save the country from disaster. Before going to war, I fasted for three days and went to the ancestral temple to worship my ancestors. The monarch faces the south station and the generals face the north station. The master presented a big axe (a symbol of power) in his hands. The monarch picked up the axe, handed it to the generals together with the handle, and said, "From now on, the army is under your command."
Then, the monarch went on to say, "In a war, the weak enemy will attack and the strong enemy will retreat." Don't look down on others because you are in a high position, don't listen to the opinions of subordinates because of your unique views, and don't lose the quality of loyalty because of your outstanding achievements.
When a man hasn't sat down to rest, as a general, he can't sit down to rest first. When men don't eat, as generals, they shouldn't eat first. They should share weal and woe with men, combine work and rest, share weal and woe together. After all this, their soldiers will do their best and the enemy will be defeated. "
The general listened to the instructions of the monarch, swore allegiance, and then personally opened the fierce door and led the army to war. The monarch sent troops to the north gate, bowed down to the chariots and horses used by the general, and said, "I will be outside, not subject to your orders." From today on, all actions in the army are up to you to make decisions. "
In this way, the generals have absolute authority, and they can also let the wise make suggestions and let the brave serve the battlefield. From this, you can win a hundred battles and make great contributions, and you can also be famous for future generations, Fu Zeen and future generations.
Extended data:
Ancient master-worshipping ceremony
1, to worship ancestors and industry protectors. Show respect for the industry, invest in the industry, and pray for the "blessing" of ancestors to make their studies successful.
2. Pay tribute to the teacher. Generally, master and apprentice sit in their seats, and the disciples kowtow three times, then kneel down and send red envelopes and posts to the teachers.
3. The master lectured and announced the rules and Christian names. Generally speaking, giving lectures is to educate disciples to respect their ancestors, obey the rules, and encourage them to be innocent and study hard.
We also need to prepare six kinds of gifts, that is, six kinds of gifts that disciples gave to Master during the ancient worship ceremony. They are celery (meaning studious and diligent), lotus seeds (bitter lotus seeds, meaning painstaking education), red beans (meaning auspicious), red dates (meaning junior high school), longan (meaning complete merit) and lean meat sticks (expressing disciples' wishes).