In the written test of teacher qualification certificate, the part about China folk songs and dances does not account for a large proportion, but it usually appears in the form of multiple-choice questions, so candidates can't ignore this part. This summary is divided into two parts: song and dance, and the test sites are summarized by nationality. Detailed explanation of key contents. Because the knowledge points are trivial and difficult to remember, candidates need to master the basic content of this part skillfully.
First, folk songs
Definition: Folk songs for short are songs created and sung by the working people themselves in their lives and labor. In the long historical development process, traditional folk songs exist among the people in the form of oral creation and oral communication.
(A) genre classification of Han folk songs
1. No.
The main categories are:
(1) Handling chant: representative works such as Harbin Yaogua in Heilongjiang, Jiangzhou in Henan and Shaanxi in Shanxi;
(2) Project number: For example, The Big Edge Song by Changde, Hunan.
(3) Farming chant: The representative work is "Vinegar Cave Cuisine" by Qianjiang, Hubei.
(4) Workshop chant: representative works include Shanxi Hequ "Playing the Blues" and so on.
(5) Boat and Fishery Songs: Representative works include Jidong Fishery Songs and Chuanjiang Boatman Songs from Chongqing to Yibin, Sichuan.
The musical artistic features of this hymn are as follows:
(1) Direct and simple expression method and firm and rough musical character;
(2) the rhythm of rhythm;
(3) Repeatability of music material;
(4) The combination of lead singer and chorus;
(5) Simplicity of music structure.
2. Folk songs
Folk songs are mainly divided into three categories: general folk songs, herding folk songs and Tian Yang folk songs.
The artistic features of folk songs have the following three aspects:
(1) frank expression and passionate musical personality;
(2) The tune is loud and clear;
(3) The most common structures of folk songs are two-sentence structure and four-sentence structure. The sentence structure of folk songs often appears asymmetry in sentence scale and rhythm arrangement, which makes the music of folk songs appear free and unrestrained.
3. Smaller
Minor, also known as ditty or folk song, has the characteristics of balanced structure, regular rhythm, delicate and soft tune. Minor can be divided into three categories: chant, ballad and tune.
(1) intonation: including nursery rhymes, lullabies, selling and singing tones in customs and ceremonies.
(2) Ballads: The artistic formation and development of ballads are more mature than intonation, with small space, complete musical structure and relatively standardized beat. In content, it can be divided into songs of complaint, love, life and vagrancy.
(3) Time tune: it has a long history and a wide range of singing methods.
Minor has the following artistic features:
(1) The expression technique of blending narrative and lyric, and the tortuous and delicate musical character;
(2) the rhythm law is balanced;
(3) twists and turns, various spinning methods;
(4) The common musical structures in minor are correspondingly connected.
(B) the representative types of minority folk songs
1. Mongolian long tune and short tune
The representative work of the long tune is "The Vast Grassland".
The representative works of short tune are Black Satin Kanjian.
2. Uygur love songs
Folk song system is divided into love songs, labor songs, historical songs and life customs songs in genre, including China, Europe and Persian Arabia.
Uygur folk songs adopt Persian Arabic system.
3. Kazakh solo and playing songs
The representative song of solo is Black Lark.
Play and sing the representative song "Red Flower".
4. Lyric songs of the Korean people
Arirang, uh, Pauling
Song of Harvest and Doraki express the joy of labor and harvest.
Bitter daughter-in-law, visible woman's suffering.
Knowledge-based songs such as Song of the Moon, Pictures of Flowers, Solution of Nine-Nine Multiplication, etc.
Most lyric songs have smooth melody and standard rhythm structure.
5. Tibetan folk songs and wine songs
Tibetan folk songs have become free songs sung by Lu Li in Shan Ye. Because of their breadth, free rhythm, long sentence frame and great melody fluctuation, they are full of plateau characteristics.
The wine song is called Lu Chang, which is a song sung when drinking and toasting. The drinker must, according to the song and meaning of the toaster, complete the procedures of receiving the glass, playing the wine three times with the ring finger, drinking three mouthfuls of wine and toasting within a certain period of time. The songs of Jiuge are very rich, including blessing, prayer, celebration, celebration, humor or love. The tune is fresh and smooth, and the emotion is natural and free and easy.
6. Yi people? Four cavities?
"Yam tune", "Four tunes" and "Wushan tune" are collectively referred to. The four major tunes are long in length, rigorous in structure, rich in content, long and deep in tune, and high in singing skills, which are varieties with high artistic level of Yi folk music.
Second, Chinese folk dance
(A) Han folk song and dance music
The most representative varieties of China Han folk song and dance music are Yangko in the north and Lantern tea-picking in the south, both of which belong to song and dance music.
1. Yangko
Definition: It is popular in the northern Han area of China, and the Lantern Festival is mainly performed in the square on the 15th day of the first month. It is a comprehensive art integrating song, dance and drama.
Representative yangko include Jizhong yangko and Jidong yangko in Hebei, Guzi yangko, Haiyang yangko and Jiaozhou yangko in Shandong, Qitai yangko in Shanxi, Shanbei yangko, Northeast yangko and Hebei yangko.
2. lanterns
Mainly popular in China, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hunan provinces.
In addition to the Han nationality, it is also popular among local ethnic minorities such as Dong, Miao, Buyi and Tujia.
There are two main types of lanterns in the development process: one is mainly dance, with young men and women singing and dancing or singing and dancing in pairs; The other, centered on stories and characters, developed into a folk opera.
The main performance forms of lanterns are: lantern dance, collective song and dance, and small-scale song and dance. Representative lanterns are Yunnan Lantern, Sichuan Lantern, Guizhou Lantern and Hunan Lantern.
The accompaniment instruments of lanterns are Qin Yue, Sanxian, flute, gong, drum and cymbal.
Pick tea
Popular in tea-producing areas in southern China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, Han nationality, also known as? Tea song? 、? Light song? 、? Tea picking lamp? 、? Tea basket lamp? Wait a minute.
Accompaniment instruments for tea picking include erhu, flute, suona, gong, cymbals, etc. Suona is the main music for going through the door or cutting the field. The most representative work is Tea Picking Lantern by Longyan, Fujian.
(2) the types of folk songs and dances of ethnic minorities
There are many kinds of folk songs and dances of ethnic minorities, so it is necessary to remember some popular ones.
Representative types:
Muqam and Sainaim of Uygur;
Tibetan Nangma, Duihu and Guozhuang;
Korean folk dance, long drum dance and Yao bronze drum dance;
Diane of the Mongols;
Yi people? Xi jumped over the moon? ;
Peacock dance and elephant foot drum of Dai nationality;
Happy dance and pestle dance of Gaoshan nationality.
This part belongs to problem-based memory, focusing on the characteristics of different ethnic music culture types. Memory also needs methods, and mechanical memory can't achieve the expected effect, so we need to find appropriate tricks in memory, such as formulas and associations. Memorize one knowledge point in series to another knowledge point, and then extract some methods and skills to better master this part of the content.
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