Compared with the relationship between Ming Dynasty and Korea, the relationship between Qing Dynasty and Korea is much more complicated. In the process of establishing reunification, the Qing Dynasty not only invaded Korea twice, but also forced it to sign an alliance at the gates twice. Despite the defeat, North Korean monarchs and intellectuals have always held a contemptuous and even hostile attitude towards the Qing Dynasty, and even attempted to call the Qing Dynasty civil strife and carry out so-called anti-Qing and restoration activities.
Two invasions on the Korean dynasty in the early years of Qing Dynasty: In a series of military attacks on the Ming Dynasty before entering the customs, the Qing Dynasty always hoped to win North Korea as a third party to stand on its side and fight against the Ming Dynasty together with the Qing Dynasty, just as Manchu successfully won over Mongolian ministries to fight against the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty also hoped that the Korean Li Dynasty could contribute to its own annihilation, but the Korean Li Dynasty was different from Mongolian tribes after all, and Mongolia and the Ming Dynasty were feuds for more than 200 years. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's two sudden invasions, which had been planned for a long time, caught the Lee Dynasty off guard and lost its way. Korean king led the royal family and ministers to the border between China and North Korea, bowed down to Ming Chengzu in the direction of Beijing, and prayed for quick relief from North Korea. Emperor Wanli, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty at that time, saw that Japan's attempt to occupy Korea was broken, so it lasted for seven years. Spent a lot of financial and material resources to help North Korea, and finally defeated the Japanese army that invaded North Korea, and the whole territory of North Korea was recovered. Therefore, the Lee Dynasty of Korea was grateful to the Ming Dynasty and regarded it as the second generation of parents. However, only after more than 20 years, with the re-emergence of Jurchen forces, Nurhachi established the post-Jin Dynasty in the northeast. With the continuous expansion, Houjin gradually occupied most of the territory in the northeast of China. Especially after the Jurchen forces entered the Liaohe River basin, the backward territory spanned between the Ming Dynasty and the vassal countries. The Qing government always hoped that North Korea, as a third party, would stand on its side in the game and contest with the Ming Dynasty. But North Korea was a die-hard fan of the Ming Dynasty, not only did it not help the Qing Dynasty to deal with the Ming Dynasty. A series of attitudes of the Korean dynasty loyal to the Ming Dynasty and opposed to the Qing Dynasty eventually angered the emerging Qing Dynasty. After Huang taiji inherited Khan's throne, he invaded the DPRK for the first time. In the first year of Jin Tiancong, Huang Taiji led an army to attack the DPRK. After Jin Jun entered the territory of North Korea, it was on a roll, and successively captured Yizhou, Dingzhou, Guo Shan, Anzhou, Pingyang, Huangzhou, Pingshan Zhucheng and Dai Li, korean king. At this point, the Jin army won a great victory, and the Li Dynasty was forced to form an alliance with the latter Jin, who made peace with North Korea and retreated after forming an oath. Because it happened in the year of Ding Mao in the old calendar, it was called "Ding Mao's Rebellion" by North Korean official historical materials, also known as the Battle of Ding Mao.
After the war, North Korea and Houjin became brother countries, and the Li Dynasty opened its market to Houjin and paid the annual currency. However, North Korea did not sever its suzerain-vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Although North Korea pays lip service, it actually refuses to accept it. North Korea's monarchs and ministers are still hostile to the Qing Dynasty. It is precisely because of this that nine years later, it was renamed Jin in the late Qing Dynasty and attacked North Korea again. This is the second time that the Qing Dynasty attacked Korea. Historically, soldiers were careless. Huang taiji, who just proclaimed himself emperor, personally commanded 100 thousand troops and personally conquered North Korea. After the Qing army crossed the river, it gave full play to its field skills. Instead of attacking the solid walls of North Korea, it led the army all the way south, and it took only 12 days to reach the king of North Korea, Seoul. After that, North Korea severed its relations with the former suzerain Ming Dynasty, became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, and accepted the knighthood of the Qing Dynasty. The year number used in North Korea was changed from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. Korean king Renzu took his eldest son Li Ying and his second son Li Hao as hostages, and North Korea paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty. Although North Korea succumbed to the rule of the Qing Dynasty, North Koreans were very disgusted and even hostile to the Qing Dynasty. They privately called the Qing Dynasty "Land Rover" and the Qing Emperor "Huang Hu". This hostile address and attitude can be seen everywhere in North Korea's monarchs and ministers.
The Korean Dynasty's ambivalent attitude towards the Qing Dynasty: In A.D. 1644, the Ming Dynasty perished, the Qing army entered the customs, and China began to be gradually unified. At this time, although North Korea was a minister of the Qing Dynasty on the surface, it was still interested in Daming at heart. Therefore, when the Qing army went south to wipe out the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, North Korea actively and secretly contacted several regimes in Nanming in an attempt to attack the Qing Dynasty from north to south in an attempt to restore the Ming Dynasty. However, although North Korea was filled with indignation, it did not act rashly. Seeing that several regimes in Nanming were destroyed by the Qing army one after another, North Korea's good wish to recover Daming can only be put on hold for the time being. However, the North Korean army said that it is still optimistic about this. They firmly believe in the fatalism that "the Hu people's national luck only lasts for a hundred years", and that the notice of the Qing Dynasty will not last long, and the Ming Dynasty with the grace of rebuilding Korea will make a comeback. The San Francisco Rebellion that broke out during the reign of Kangxi gave hope to the Korean monarch and his subjects who were determined to restore Daming Mountain. North Korea even sent envoys to contact Wu Sangui and others, and actively went to the Zheng Group in Taiwan Province Province, and even crossed the sea to contact Japan in an attempt to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and recover Daming. North Korea even set up a Northern Expeditionary Army composed of100000 people, preparing to cross the river to attack Beijing during the civil strife in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty was wary of the danger that North Korea, Japan and the remnants of Nanming and San Francisco joined forces to form a military alliance, so it sent envoys to North Korea to verify the situation. It turned out that the reconciliation between North Korea and Japan was untrue, but Emperor Kangxi reprimanded korean king in a letter. With the pacification of the San Francisco rebellion and the recovery of Taiwan Province in the future, the Qing Dynasty basically completed the unification of the main areas of China, and through constant reform and reconciliation of ethnic contradictions, it entered a period of great prosperity. However, South Korea's Lee Dynasty, which has been committed to restoring the Ming Dynasty, is difficult to carry out the Northern Expedition because of financial difficulties and weak armaments. The armed resistance of the Han nationality, which was expected by the anti-Qing faction in North Korea, was destroyed by the Qing Dynasty and never realized. On the one hand, North Korea scoffed at the Qing Dynasty, on the other hand, it was helpless to the increasingly powerful Qing Dynasty. This contradictory mentality runs through the whole early Qing Dynasty.
1683, the Qing dynasty unified Taiwan Province province, the last remnants of Nanming perished, and North Korea's dream of recovering Daming was completely shattered. However, North Korea still accepted the title of Chongzhen and refused to use the title of the Qing emperor to express its loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. North Korea did not intervene in China's civil war, nor did it venture to unite with Japan to invade northeast China across the Yalu River, which offended the emerging Qing Dynasty, which was in the period of all-round rise and prosperity. This is also very wise and lucky for North Korea. Otherwise, North Korea will surely fall into the tragic ending of annexation and extinction.
Korea had been defeated by the Qing Dynasty twice before it entered the customs, especially in 1636, when the Qing army invaded Korea and besieged Lea Coco, Renzu, korean king, in Nanhan Mountain City. North Korea finally gave in and signed an alliance with the Qing army at the gate. North Korea surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, sent its prince to Shenyang as a hostage, and regularly sent envoys to pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty on holidays. North Korea is no longer a "vassal state" of the Ming Dynasty.
1644, Chongzhen committed suicide and the Qing army entered the customs. After hearing the news, North Korea, as a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, mourned all over the country because of the demise of the Ming Dynasty. "Records of Renzu" records that "hearing this newspaper is humiliating, but it is full of horror and tears."
1649, Renzu died of illness, and his son Li Hao succeeded to the throne, becoming King Xiaozong. Xiaozong was captured in 1636 when the Qing army invaded the DPRK, and has been taken hostage in Shenyang ever since. It was not until 1645 that his brother, Prince Li Ying, died suddenly, and Renzu begged the Qing Dynasty to let him go back.
Therefore, filial piety is full of hatred for the Qing Dynasty. After he became king, he plotted against the Qing dynasty and regained his sight, but it was just some mouth guns. Really, he has neither the ability nor the courage.
1649 1 1 month, after he acceded to the throne, he dismissed Jin Dian, an important official who advocated relying on the Qing dynasty, and used a group of people who advocated anti-Qing restoration, such as Jin Shangshan and Song Shilie. Therefore, Jin Dian reported the plot of Xiao Zong to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty sent people to investigate. Xiaozong was frightened and immediately ousted Jin Shangshan and others, and then several times.
Until 1658, Xiao zong used Song Shilie again, and made a "Northern Expedition Plan" with Song Shilie, and put forward:
Holding 100,000 fine guns and loving T-shirts like children, everyone dares to die. Then as long as they (the Qing Dynasty) have a gap and take them by surprise, they will reach the customs, then the heroes in the Central Plains are heroes and have no response.
Filial piety and Song Shilie captured Liaodong with hundreds of guns, and then waited for the hero of the Central Plains to respond, which was unreliable at first glance. North Korean Minister Huang Jingyuan said:
I will restore the Central Plains for tomorrow. Who will believe, which will be evil?
This means that although we are under the banner of anti-Qing and restoring sight, it is doubtful whether the world believes it or not. He went on to say that after North Korea started fighting, "although it entered Liaoyang, the people of Liaoyang did not stick to it for the sake of Qing people. I don't believe it." Huang Jingyuan is sober. Koreans are really screaming. I'm afraid that the Han people in the Qing Dynasty will rise up to defend their country, and they will never stand on the side of the North Koreans because you are anti-Qing and regain sight. The so-called heroes of the Central Plains are responding, but it is just the obscenity of Xiao Zong.
1659, Xiaozong died of illness, and this plan to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore sight in the Northern Expedition was stillborn. The only thing that really affected his thought of anti-Qing dynasty and regaining sight was that the epitaph he stipulated at the beginning of his reign used the name of the Ming dynasty, not the name of the Qing dynasty, and this move of anti-Qing dynasty and regaining sight was actually just lip service.
The Qing dynasty conquered Korea before entering the customs, and Korea has abandoned the Ming dynasty and regained the Qing dynasty. After Qing entered the customs, he was Qing's younger brother. No anti-Qing activities.
Compared with today's South Korea and North Korea, ancient North Korea is also loyal and brave.
Throughout the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, ancient Korea never forgot Daming's kindness, and actively used every opportunity to "fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty" to cooperate with the war between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty.
At first, when North Korea went to war in Nurhachi, it was also in a wait-and-see neutral attitude, and did not actively cooperate with Daming in resisting the Jin Dynasty, especially after the failure of the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin War, it defected and surrendered to Nurhachi.
However, at this time, King Guanghaijun of Korea was dissatisfied with Daming, but at the same time he was more afraid of Nurhachi and rejected Nurhachi's proposal of resisting Ming all the way, until a person appeared, which made her start to favor the Ming Dynasty.
1622, Mao, the guerrilla general of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty, fled to North Korea after his defeat, and set up a base in Pidao near North Korea, which became an important rear stronghold to contain the late Jin Dynasty and was supported by the wide navy.
1623, Emperor Injong of Korea formulated a national policy of resolutely standing on the side of the Ming Dynasty, the suzerain country. "If China recruits soldiers for thieves, it will follow orders and clean up the dirty dust", which helps to understand that "the way of thousands of officials can't wait and die, and it is bound to rebuild the grace of East Korea. How dare you forget it"!
To this end, North Korea sent a large number of munitions and food to Mao, which greatly facilitated military operations. It was with the support of North Korea that Mao's military strength was greatly enhanced, posing an important threat to the rear security of Houjin. Nurhachi directly killed the North Korean envoy for this.
1627, Nurhachi ordered Baylor A Min to invade Korea. Under the attack of the late Jin Dynasty, the Korean army fled all the way and lost the city. When Wang Jing arrived in Hanyang, Injong had to flee to Jianghua Island and make peace with Houjin.
Houjin asked North Korea to send the prince to Houjin as a hostage, stop being a vassal of Daming and stop using Daming's title. Renzong refused. "Our country is in the Southern Dynasties, a country of father and son. Can you become a minister in danger? "
Later Jin's army didn't dare to stay in North Korea for a long time because it fought alone, so it settled for the second best and signed a contract with North Korea: North Korea and Later Jin became brothers, and the envoys were treated the same as the Ming Dynasty, and they paid money to Later Jin every year.
1633, Kong Youde and Geng launched a mutiny and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. To this end, North Korea sent troops to cooperate with the Ming army to intercept the rebels, which is once again the opposite of the Qing Dynasty. Qing envoys came to ask, and North Korea replied that "it is a traitor from China and an enemy thief in our country" should be "Yan Bing to be changed"
Huang taiji was very angry with North Korea's behavior and decided to clean up North Korea. So in 1636, he sent troops to attack Korea again. The Qing army was invincible all the way and captured Hanyang. North Korea had to surrender and sign a contract, announced that it had completely severed relations with the Ming Dynasty, became a vassal of the Qing Dynasty, and gave the prince as a hostage to the Qing Dynasty.
However, North Korea is not willing to become a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty, and it is still bent on fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining its sight.
1650, filial piety of North Korea succeeded to the throne. He hated the Qing Dynasty and purged the pro-Qing factions in the imperial court. Reuse Jin Shangxian and other anti-Qing figures, and take "the revenge of the Northern Expedition" as "the first meaning today".
1659, Xiaozong secretly summoned Minister Song Shilie. He thinks that the emperor shunzhi's "debauchery is very poor, and his potential is not long", and he intends to "raise hundreds of fine guns and love his son as himself, all of whom are soldiers who dare to die. How to treat their troubles, surprise them and reach the Commissioner. " However, less than two months after this plan was put forward, Xiaozong died of illness, and the "Northern Expedition" failed to be implemented.
After the Ming Dynasty left the Nanming regime, North Korea still actively sent people to contact Nanming, thinking that the Qing Dynasty at that time was like Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, and everyone in the world wanted to cut it. To this end, North Korea sent a large number of businessmen to contact the Nanming regime and tried to establish a sea passage with Nanning. The North and South conquered Manchuria, but this plan has never been realized because the Nanming regime collapsed too quickly.
1673, Wu Sangui went to Yunnan. North Korea was overjoyed when it heard about it. It thinks that the opportunity to clear up and regain sight is coming again. "Taking this opportunity to train troops and collect grain can avenge humiliation, but it can protect the country and the people." "At this time, say it out loud, lead the public, and occupy the void." However, due to Wu Sangui's failure again, North Korea's plan to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain its sight came to an end again.
Even after Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, North Korea dreamed of joining forces with Taiwan Province Province to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain its light.
From this point of view, ancient Korea has much more backbone and blood than today's Korea, and it is really a generation behind.