Yuan Hongdao
Yan (yān) is cold, and after the flower dynasty (zhāo), the residual cold is still strong. If you do it when the wind is freezing, sand and stones will fly (L √). I want to go out in a room as if I were at home. Every time you rush in the wind, you never look back.
20 (niàn) The next day, it was a little sunny, and some friends and I went straight east to Manjing. The high willows are sandwiched with dikes (dο), and the soil paste is slightly moist. At first glance, it's wide. If it's out of the cage (hú). At this time, the ice skin began to melt, sparkling, scales and waves, crystal clear as a mirror, and cold light came out of the box (xiá). The mountains have been washed by clear snow, and they are as beautiful as wiping the ground, as beautiful as Yan (Yan), as beautiful as the face of qiàn's daughter (Hu) and as beautiful as the beginning of bun (Ji) (Hu). Wicker will be comfortable, soft-pointed cloak. The wheat field is very shallow. Although the tourists are not full, they are full of tea, singing (léi) and wearing red clothes (Ji m \u n). Although the wind is strong, you will sweat when you walk. Every bird exposed on the beach sipped under the scales of the waves, carefree, and there was joy between the scales of its feathers. I know there is no spring in the country, but people who live in the city don't know.
The fact that husband (fú) can't swim (Huι) lies between rocks and vegetation, but this official is also the only one. And this place is very close, so Yu's tour began. Can evil (wū) be undisciplined? Ming dynasty, February 27th, February.
[Edit this paragraph] Author information
Yuan Hongdao (1568 ~ 16 10), a writer in the Ming Dynasty, was named Lang, Shi Gong, but he didn't learn anything. Jingzhou public security (now Hubei) people. The Commander-in-Chief of the "Public Security School", together with his brother Yuan Zongdao and brother Yuan Zhongdao, has made great achievements in literature, and is called "Public Security Ternary".
Yuan Hongdao has no intention of official career. In the twenty years of Wanli (1592), he was a scholar, but he didn't want to be an official, so he went to study with his teacher and traveled around the mountains and rivers. Resigned from Wuxian county magistrate, played in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and wrote many famous travel notes, such as Tiger Hill and First Arriving at West Lake. He was born to love the natural landscape and even ventured to board. He once said, "Take care of your body and your life, so why travel around?" "It's better to die in Leng Shi than in bed." (Waterfall from Kaixian Temple to Huangyan Temple) In the process of climbing near the water, his thoughts were liberated, his personality was publicized, and his enthusiasm for literary creation was particularly high.
In the 26th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1598), Yuan Hongdao received a letter from his brother Yuan Zongdao, who was working in Beijing, asking him to go to Beijing. He had to restrain his interest in traveling and came to Beijing, where he was awarded Professor Shun Tianfu. In the second year, he was promoted to teaching assistant in imperial academy. Man Jing's Travels was written this spring.
Yuan Hongdao was born in Huguang Public Security (Hubei Public Security). The cold in the northland somewhat hindered his interest. The first paragraph of the article wrote about the distress of wanting to swim. Early spring and February is not strange to northerners, but it is unbearable for a person who grew up in Jiangnan. The author rationally knows "Yan Dihan", but "After the Flower Festival, the residual cold is still thick" is his personal feeling and experience. The word "Yu" and the word "Jude" set each other off to describe the situation in which the cold current refused to stop. So, what is its specific performance? The author describes it in extremely concise language: "When it is frozen, it will fly sand and stones." Saying "cold wind" instead of "cold wind" is to illustrate the degree of cold, and also shows the author's sensitivity to "cold in the wild". In such bad weather, we had to "squeeze into a room and go out." From the perspective of "every time I take an adventure in the wind, I don't know how many times I have tried, but I have no choice but to return".
[Edit this paragraph] Writing background
Travels of Man Jing was written in the 27th year of Wanli (1599). In the 26th year of Wanli (1598), the author was ordered to go to Beijing as Professor Shuntian and teaching assistant in imperial academy. His work is very laid-back, so he can go to Man Jing in the suburbs of Beijing with some friends in early spring and the following February. This is an ancient well in the northeast of Beijing. At that time, springs gushed, and in winter.
[Edit this paragraph] Note
Selected from Yuan Zhonglang's Notes (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 198 1 Edition). Yuan Hongdao (1568~ 16 10), a native of Huguang Public Security (now Hubei Public Security), was a writer in Ming Dynasty. Man Jing, a scenic spot in the northern suburbs of JD.COM in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was called Man Jing because of a dry well, which was called "the well is higher than the ground, the spring is higher than the well, and the four seasons never fall".
Yan (yān): Northern Hebei, here refers to Beijing area.
Flower Festival (zhāo): a traditional festival name, which falls on February 12th of the lunar calendar (also called early February or February 15th). According to legend, one day is Baihua's birthday.
The cold wind blows from time to time.
Squeeze: constraint.
20(niàn)2:22, Chenghua said at the festival, so he didn't write the month.
And: warm.
Xié: Together.
Dongzhimen: Dongzhimen, Beijing, in the northeast corner of the old city. Man Jing is in Li Sansi, Dongzhimen North.
Earth paste: fertile soil. Paste: fertile.
If you get out of the cage, it looks like a swan flying out of the cage.
Ice skin: The ice layer on the river surface means that the ice layer condensed on the water surface is like skin.
At first: Just now, at first.
Fish scale wave: a thin wave like a fish scale.
Jing: The appearance is bright.
Newly opened: just made.
Box (xiá): refers to the dressing box.
The mountains were washed away by clear snow: the mountains were washed away by melting snow. Yes, yes. Clear snow: Snow under a clear sky.
Juan Ran: Beautiful in appearance.
Hu: That beautiful girl washed her face. Wash your face.
Bun (Jiì) and bun (huán) First sweep: Just combed bun and bun. A round bun. Sweep, here refers to combing your hair.
Cloak: Spread out in the wind. Spread out, spread out, spread out.
The wheat field is (liè) inches shallow: This means that the wheat seedlings are about one inch high. Raccoon, the long hair on the neck of an animal, is a wheat seedling that is not well described here.
Drink spring tea, sing (léi), and wear red clothes (Ji m \u n): drink spring tea, sing with glasses, and ride donkeys in fancy clothes. Have tea, Ming. Wine glasses. Sword, here refers to the donkey. Spring, tea, tea and tea are nouns used as verbs.
Jiā: It's soaked.
A bird is sunbathing on the beach.
Sip (xiā) wave scales: fish that float to the surface to absorb water. Sip, suck, here is its extended meaning. Fish scales replace fish.
Hairscale: refers to all animals. Hair refers to mammals such as foxes and rabbits; Feather-finger bird; Scales refer to aquatic animals such as fish; Turn to animals such as horses and donkeys.
There is no spring before the beginning: there is no spring. This is for the words "Han" in the first paragraph.
Abortion: official delay. Fall, "die", die, delay.
Xiao Ran: Describe chic.
Officer: At that time, the author was a Confucian professor in Shuntianfu, and he was an idle post.
Evil (wū) can: How?
Ji: Pass on the Record.
Ji Hai: Twenty-seven years of Ming Wanli (1599).
transfer
Yan Di (yān) Flower Festival (zhāo) Sand and Stone Flying (Li) 22nd (niàn) (Sini (hú)
Bose Zhaming (zhà) Qian Nv (qiàn)(Hu) ji huan (Jihuan)
Light tea (liè) tea (míng) tea (léi) tea (Ji n) tea (jiā)
Summer (xiā) fall (Hu He) evil can have no discipline (discipline)
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. The earth paste is slightly wet.
Ancient meaning: fertile
Today's meaning: mushy things.
2. Like the face of a beautiful woman, the beginning of the bun is also swept away.
Ancient meaning: combing
Today: Catch
3. Soft-pointed cloak
Ancient meaning: scattered with the wind
Modern meaning: a sleeveless coat worn on the shoulders.
polysemy
1. Yu: ① At that time, the ice skin began to dissolve (preposition, in).
(2) Crystal is like a new mirror, but the cold light comes out of the box at first (preposition, from).
2. Run: ① Juan runs like a cotton swab (suffix of adjective, like ...)
(2) However, you will sweat a lot if you walk.
3. Scale: ① Scale wave is layered (like scale).
(2) the scale of the waves (fish)
4. chi: ① if the mandarin fish comes out of the cage.
(2) knowing that there is no spring outside the field (indicating that the relationship is limited and can be translated as "Yi")
(3) such as the face of a beautiful woman and the beginning of a bun (cancel the independence of sentences)
Flexible use of parts of speech
1. Sand flies and gravel walk (verb usage, make ... fly, make ... run)
2. Scale waves are layered (famous, like fish scales)
3. Spring and tea (famous for touching, drawing spring water and making tea)
This singer (famous for being moved and holding a glass)
5. People in red (famous for moving, wearing colorful clothes and riding donkeys)
Special sentence patterns
1. The mountain was washed away by clear snow. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… )
2. Urban residents are unknown (prepositional object, inverted sentence, should be "and urban residents are unknown")
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
Beijing has a cold climate. After the Flower Festival, the residual chill is still very strong. The cold wind often blows, and when it blows, sand and stones fly. I have to be locked in a room, and I can't even go out for a walk. Every time I rush out against the wind, I come back in less than a hundred steps.
On the 22nd, the weather was a little warmer. I left Dongzhimen with some friends and arrived in Man Jing. Tall willows grow on both sides of the river bank, and the fertile land is a little wet. Looking around, it is an open scene, like a swan that just flew out of a cage. At this time, the thin ice on the river began to melt, and the water waves began to glow, and the ripples were like fish scales. The water is so clear that you can see the bottom of the river. It looks like a newly opened cosmetic box, and cold light suddenly flashes out of the box. The mountains were washed clean by melted snow, and they looked as beautiful as if they had just been brushed, bright and beautiful, just like a beautiful girl who had just washed her face and combed her hair. Wicker is about to be stretched, but it hasn't been stretched yet. The tender tips are scattered in the wind, and the wheat seedlings are about an inch high. There are not many tourists, but you can always see women drinking tea, singing with glasses and riding donkeys in colorful clothes in Jiquan. Although the wind is still strong, you are sweating when you walk. Birds basking in the sun on the beach and fish swimming on the water are all carefree, and all animals are full of happy atmosphere. I only know that there is no spring in the suburbs, and people living in the city don't know.
I am the only idle official who can wander freely between rocks and vegetation without delaying his official duties because of traveling. Man Jing is near my residence, and I will start sightseeing from here. How can there be no recorded articles? This was only last February.
[Edit this paragraph] Text discussion
First, the overall perception
Yuan Hongdao has no intention of official career. In the twenty years of Wanli (1592), he was a scholar, but he didn't want to be an official, so he went to study with his teacher and traveled around the mountains and rivers. Resigned from Wuxian county magistrate, played in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and wrote many famous travel notes, such as Tiger Hill and First Arriving at West Lake. He was born to love the natural landscape and even ventured to board. He once said, "Take care of your body and your life, so why travel around?" "It's better to die in Leng Shi than in bed." (Waterfall from Kaixian Temple to Huangyan Temple) In the process of climbing near the water, his thoughts were liberated, his personality was publicized, and his enthusiasm for literary creation was particularly high.
In the 26th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1598), Yuan Hongdao received a letter from his brother Yuan Zongdao, who was working in Beijing, asking him to go to Beijing. He had to restrain his interest in traveling and came to Beijing, where he was awarded Professor Shun Tianfu. In the second year, he was promoted to teaching assistant in imperial academy. This article was written this spring.
Yuan Hongdao was born in Jiangnan (Hubei Public Security Bureau). The cold in the northland somewhat hindered his interest. The first paragraph of the article wrote about the distress of wanting to swim. Early spring and February is not strange to northerners, but it is unbearable for a person who grew up in Jiangnan. The author rationally knows "Yan Dihan", but "After the Flower Festival, the residual cold is still thick" is his personal feeling and experience. The word "Yu" and the word "Jude" set each other off to describe the situation in which the cold current refused to stop. So, what is its specific performance? The author describes it in extremely concise language: "When it is frozen, it will fly sand and stones." Saying "cold wind" instead of "cold wind" is to illustrate the degree of cold, and also shows the author's sensitivity to "cold in the wild". In such bad weather, we had to "squeeze into a room and go out." From the perspective of "every time I take an adventure in the wind, I don't know how many times I have tried, but I have no choice but to return".
The second paragraph is the main part of the full text, writing what you saw and felt during your outing. The repression of "unable to go out" did not dispel the author's idea of traveling, but stimulated his enthusiasm for traveling. When it was "a little quiet", the author flew out of the city gate and went to the suburbs with "a few friends", like a bird out of the cage. However, seeing the long beach with high willows and spring returns, it is spacious and full of vitality. The author writes about scenery, mainly water and mountains, wicker wheat fields, the joy of tourists and the "carefree" of fish and birds. Among them, the part about water and mountains is the focus. Firstly, the author described it by line drawing, "The waves are bright at first, and the scales are layered, and the bottom is bright", drawing the water light in early spring; "Beautiful as a mop, fresh and beautiful" depicts the realm of Spring Mountain. Then, use two long sentences as a metaphor. The water is like a newly opened mirror, and the mountain is like a bun, which is novel and vivid. Writing wicker highlights its "comfortable but not comfortable" posture, and writing wheat fields says it is "shallow", which are typical early spring scenery. Although the author seldom talks, he is very vivid. "Those who are famous for their spring tea are singers, and they are dressed in red", and the pictures of drinking tea, drinking and riding donkeys are combined into a set of shots. Although it is said to be "not full", it is already very lively. There are even birds basking in the sun, fish absorbing water and playing with water. Their happiness is no less than that of tourists, as if "there is joy between feathers and fins" Finally, the author summed up a sentence: "I know there is no spring in the suburbs, but people in the city don't know." In response to the first paragraph, this sentence is an affirmation of his coldness and a regret that "city people" are trapped in Beijing and don't know the great spring scenery.
The last paragraph of the article ends with a discussion, which once again shows the author's interest in sending feelings to the mountains and rivers. "Tourism can't ruin things", which is for bureaucrats who are keen on career and fame. As for the author himself, he has no intention of making political progress. Besides, he is only a small instructor now, of course, he can be "between rocks and vegetation" "Being the only official" is both self-mockery and pride. "Yu Zhiyou will start from now on, can you remember evil?" This is entirely the keynote of Liu Zongyuan's Journey to the West. But the difference is that Liu Zongyuan really traveled again and again and wrote "Eight Records of Yongzhou"; Yuan Hongdao may never come to explore the well again, because in August of the following year, he asked for leave and went back to his hometown to live in seclusion. Although he later became an official, he died at the age of 42.
Second, the discussion of the problem
1. Beyond the fields, there is no spring: a lonely person's walk.
"I know there is no spring in the suburbs, but people in the city don't know" is the crowning touch of this article. This sentence seems to be the author's casual expression, making excuses for his outing in the city, but it is of great significance. Yuan Hongdao became a scholar at the age of 25. He is not bound by official duties, so he asks for leave to go home. He also traveled around the central part of the Chu River with his brother, indulging in the mountains and rivers and asking questions from his teachers, which shows his nature of pursuing freedom. Yuan Hongdao's travel prose is also full of unrestrained spirit, a love for nature, a weariness of officialdom, and a publicity and expression of personality. He is a lonely man, walking in the country, "between rocks and vegetation", leaving the world behind and feeling the value of freedom in the dialogue with natural scenery.
2. The brushwork of line drawing.
The author writes landscapes without filling words, but outlines them with extremely concise brushwork. For example, the water is written as "sparkling at first glance, with layers of scales and waves, and the bottom is clear", and the wicker is written as "a soft-pointed cloak." This method of expression is vivid without exaggeration, rendering and contrast.
3. anthropomorphic writing.
The author writes about mountains, uses beautiful women's new makeup as a metaphor, and writes about fish and birds, saying that they are full of joy, all of which are anthropomorphic techniques. This method of expression can increase the dynamics or "gas field" of the scene, and at the same time integrate the author's subjective feelings. Personification of scenery is a common method of scenery description in Yuan Hongdao. For example, he said that the Tiger Hill in Suzhou is "like a woman's gorgeous makeup" (Part I) and that the West Lake in Hangzhou is "beautiful as a moth and beautiful as cheeks" (First Arriving at the West Lake). This writing method is also very prominent in Man Jing's Travels.
4. The clever use of metaphor.
Although metaphor is very common, Yuan Hongdao has his own novelty in application. In this travel note, metaphors are mostly used to write landscapes, such as the sentences describing landscapes analyzed above; But some people write about people (themselves), such as describing themselves as "fish in a cage". These metaphors are all appropriate because they come from the author's profound experience and feelings.
[Edit this paragraph] Practice notes
One,
This travel book describes the scene of early spring, grasping the characteristics of being warm and cold at first, and everything recovers. For example, the phrase "the willow branches will be comfortable and the cloak will be soft" writes the charm of the first exhibition of willow branches. Read the text carefully, try to find out several such descriptions of scenery, make a little analysis and think about what feelings the author has infiltrated in such descriptions.
The purpose of setting the topic is to let students know the characteristics of this article on the basis of being familiar with reading the text.
There are several such scenery descriptions in this paper, such as "The Soil Paste is Moist", which describes the thawing and recovery of the earth in winter and spring, which is concise and vivid; "The ice skin began to melt, sparkling at first glance", and it was refreshing to write the scene that the weather was getting warmer and the ice was melting in the lake. "The wheat field is shallow" makes the scene of wheat seedling breaking ground and sprouting accurate and vivid. In this description, the author is permeated with the joy of returning to the earth in spring, appreciating and praising the rejuvenation of nature.
Second,
In this thesis, metaphor is used in many places of narrative description. For example, the author compares himself to a "caged mandarin duck" in Yuan Ye in Early Spring. Can you find a few more examples from the text? Combine context to achieve its expressive effect.
The purpose of this topic is to make students pay attention to the usage of figurative sentences in the text and experience its vivid expression effect.
There are several such metaphors in the article, such as "Crystal is like a newly opened mirror, and the cold light suddenly emerges". The newly opened mirror is used to compare the new green water waves, which shows that the water light is bright, appropriate and innovative; For example, "Like a beautiful girl's face, the bun began to be swept away", using the beautiful girl's new makeup to compare the mountains washed away by clear snow, writing the "fresh and beautiful" of Spring Mountain, which is vivid and vivid; For example, "the wheat field is shallow", using the hair on the animal's neck to compare the wheat seedlings that have not yet grown tall, is concise and vivid.
Third,
The word "zhi" in the following three groups of phrases, some of which express the modifying relationship, can be translated as "de"; Some express restrictive relations, which can be translated as "one"; Some play the role of soothing tone, but they can't be translated. Try to distinguish and say whether these usages are still in use now.
The purpose of the topic is to make students pay attention to the usage of the auxiliary word "zhi" in the text, understand its function in structure or tone, and make some comparisons between ancient and modern times to deepen their impressions.
Within a room, outside the field (indicating a limited relationship, which can be translated as "to". This usage is still widely used in written language, such as "within the four seas" and "outside the country". )
A mandarin fish in a cage and a bird exposed on the beach. This usage is also commonly used in written language now, especially in idioms, such as "birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups". The above two kinds also have the function of soothing tone, but mainly play a structural role. )
The first bun swept on a beautiful woman's face (plays the role of soothing tone, but does not translate. This usage is out of use now. )
[Edit this paragraph] Teaching suggestions
One,
Learning this article, we should focus on guiding students to master the personalized lyric style of the author's scenery description, and combine the completion of after-class exercises to experience the use of painting, personification and other techniques and the expression effect of figurative sentences. In teaching, questions can be given priority to, supplemented by necessary explanations or corrections.
Second,
Yuan Hongdao's landscape travel notes pay more attention to the objective description of nature, and also reveal people's happy mood of traveling, which is completely different from the writing of travel notes in Tang and Song Dynasties. This article can be compared with the previous texts in this unit to understand their different characteristics. There are more than 90 essays on Yuan Hongdao's travels, and his achievements are remarkable. Interested students can find some selected books for further reading.
Third,
Organize a spring outing and write a travel note according to the style of this article, which requires concise language and unique feelings.
[Edit this paragraph] Related information
I. Public Security School (Hu Xiaowei)
Literary schools in Ming dynasty. Representative figures are Yuan Zongdao (1560- 1600), Yuan Hongdao (1568- 16 10) and Yuan Zhongdao (1570-10). Its important members include Jiang Yingke, Tao Wangling, Huang Hui, Lei Siwei and others.
The members of the public security school mainly lived in Wanli period. Since Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, the literary world has been dominated by the "first seven scholars" headed by Li Mengyang and He Jingming and the "last seven scholars" headed by Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong. Their retro argument that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty" and "don't study after the big calendar" has a great influence, so that "the world pushes Li, He, Wang and Li Jue, and all seek their effects" (Biography of Li Mengyang in the Ming Dynasty). In the meantime, Gui Youguang and other "Tang and Song School" writers struggled, but they were not enough to correct their abuses. During the Wanli period, Li Zhi pointed out, "Why did you choose poetry in ancient times?" Why should Wen be in the pre-Qin period? "and" articles are not available, and the times have been talking about it ",which makes him, Jiao, Xu Wei and others actually become the pioneers of the public security school.
The literary thought of the Public Security School originated in Yuan Zongdao, with Yuan Hongdao as the backbone and actual leader, and Yuan Zhongdao further expanded its influence. The literary and artistic thoughts of the public security school mainly include:
(1) opposes inheritance and advocates change. Everyone in the public security school lashed out at the tendency of the former and the latter seven sons to imitate words and eat the ancient times, and they sharply criticized the phenomenon of "plagiarism is common practice and one word is spoken by all" in the literary world. Yuan Zongdao also hit the nail on the head and pointed out that the source of the retro school is "ignorance rather than imitation" (paper). They hold that literature should change with the development of the times. "Generations have ups and downs, but the laws are inconsistent, the poles change, and each is poor and interesting" (Yuan Hongdao's Xiao Xu Shi Xiu), "The world has changed, and literature has also changed; There is no need to copy the ancient times today, but it is also possible "(Yuan Hongdao's" With the River "). Not only the literary content, but also the formal language will change and tend to be popular. This is because "temperament is born, everything spits it, and there must be slang" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to Flowers and Snow). So, "why is the ancient high? Why should we be humble today? " They further argued that "all words and expressions are legal" and "the laws of ancient people can be summarized!" (Yuan Hongdao's Preface to the Collection of Xue Taoting) Break through all the barriers that bind creation.
(2) express your spirit, not stick to one pattern. The so-called "soul" is the writer's personality and true feelings, which is close to Li Zhi's "childlike innocence". They think that "what comes from the soul is a true poem", while "it is almost impossible to be safe in nature, and what you do is called a real person" (Yuan Hongdao's Proverbs, Knowing Zhang You), and then emphasize that you won't write unless it comes from your own mind. Therefore, they advocate that "the truth is sincere." If you are not sincere, you can't impress people. You should "say what people say, what people can't say, and what people dare not say" (Lei Siwei's Preface to Little Bitang), where bread contains a resistance to the gentle and honest poetic tradition of Confucianism. They interpret the creative process as "the spirit is in the heart and stays in the environment." The environment is moved and the heart can bear it; If the heart wants to vomit, it will be transported by the wrist ",while" if the heart captures the environment and transports the heart by the wrist, the spirit will be complete "(Jiang Yingke, My Life Sequence). As long as "the wise men in the world have boundless bosom, the more they look for it, the different they are, the poor they change it, and then between ink and ink, everyone has his true face" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to the Complete Works of Mr. Zhong Lang), the innovation of literature can be realized.
(3) Emphasize folk novels and advocate popular literature. Public security schools attach great importance to drawing nutrition from folk literature. Yuan Hongdao once described folk songs such as "Dazaogan" as poems, which made him "broad-minded, broad-minded and magnanimous in his poetry collections". He thought that the poems such as Broken Jade and Jujube Rod sung by women and children at that time were "written by ignorant real people, so there are many true voices" and praised them. This is related to their literary development view and innovative theory, which played a certain role in improving the social status of folk literature and popular literature in that period.
The public security school has made great achievements in liberating the style of writing, such as "Sweeping the King" (biography of Yuan Zhonglang, public security county annals), whose travel notes, letters and essays are also very distinctive, or elegant and fresh, or lively and humorous, and become a family of their own. However, in real life, they passively avoid the world and describe trivial things or natural scenery around them, lacking profound social content, and their creative themes are getting narrower and narrower. Its imitators "blurt out, no longer follow the rules", "for slang, for delicacies, for recklessness", and even "crazy fans, vulgar behavior" (Biography of Qian Shi Hua). Later generations' evaluation of the literary thought of the Gong 'an School is fair and has theoretical significance beyond its creative practice.
(Selected from Encyclopedia of China China Literature, China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1986 edition)
Second, health is like a feather without a stone, and beauty is like a flower out of water —— Reading Yuan Hongdao's Travels of Man Jing (Ma Ruifang)
Yuan Hongdao (1568— 16 10) was a representative figure of the public security school in Ming dynasty. In view of the trend of "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", he used words and sentences to create fake tripod and fake script. He shouted loudly that his creation should give full play to his personality, and he should not follow others' advice, "express his spirit alone, not stick to one pattern, and refuse to write". (Preface to a Little Poem) He dismissed the practice of learning from the ancients as "the dregs in chewing dung", "successfully catching a fart" and "eight-inch three-part hat is worn by everyone" (with Zhang Youyu). He emphasized that literature should be "true", with profound insights and true feelings, and should be liberated from the feudal literary concept of "false words", that is, "literature carries Tao". This literary concept of respecting individuality, demanding liberation and opposing tradition made his creation full of free indulgence thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and Zen. Yuan Hongdao wrote a lot of landscape travel notes in his life. In his works, the picturesque mountains and rivers of wuyue, Wanliuliulang Lake, Zhou Zhen with fresh air and Jingzhao with pleasant spring are all picturesque. These landscape travel notes are straightforward and don't choose ink. The scenery is unique, things blend with me, and they are happy. The language is fresh and smooth, chic and natural, as comfortable as flowing water. Man Jing's Travels can be regarded as his masterpiece. This paper tries to make a superficial analysis.
The weather in Beijing is very cold. After Hua's birthday, the winter is still very cold. If you do it in the cold wind, you will fly sand and stones, and you will be confined to one room. Every time the wind runs, it is the return of the pot.
It's called Travel Notes. I don't want to swim when I am writing, but I can't swim. I write a pen, and the back is full of powder. In order to "go out", people pay attention to travel.
On the 22nd, the weather was slightly warmer, so I went out to Dongzhimen to the well with some friends.
As soon as the pen turned, I entered the travel notes. Lecture time: 22nd, location: Man Jing. Man Jing is a place name in the northeast suburb of Beijing. "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Dijing" said: "There are ancient wells here ... which is higher than the ground, the spring is higher than the well, and it never falls at four o'clock."
After clearly and accurately determining the time and place of the travel notes, the author recorded the travel notes from far to near, from surface to point, and hierarchically:
Tall willows stand by the river bank, and the fertile land is wet, empty and open, as if to escape from the cage of swans.
This is a bird's eye view of the well. It took only twelve words to sketch the spring scenery succinctly, freely and emotionally. When the author first saw spring scenery, he felt like a swan flying out of a cage. In a few words, the description of the face was completed, that is, the beautiful scenery of the well was dyed in the East Scale and West Claw in a delicate and poetic style:
At that time, the ice skin began to melt, sparkling, scaly and layered, and the bottom was crystal clear, like a newly opened mirror, cold light coming out of the box; The mountains were washed away by fine snow, as beautiful as wiping, as beautiful as the face of a beautiful girl, and the beginning of the bun was swept away; Wicker will stretch, but not yet. Soft buds are scattered in the wind, and wheat seedlings come out of the ground. They are short, like fur on an animal's neck, only about an inch.
Start writing water; Follow the mountain; Write fields later. Three beautiful close-ups vividly highlight the unique features of early spring and February. On the one hand, by observing the natural scenery, the author captures the scenery that best reflects the vibrant characteristics of early spring: the ice floes on the river have just melted; The snow in the mountains has just melted; The wicker goose yellow is dyed first, and the wheat seedlings wake up from hibernation. On the other hand, with the superb skills of choosing words, the personality of these scenery is highlighted and the color of early spring is aggravated. The word "beginning" makes the timeliness more distinct, and the wicker will relax in early spring, not the scenery in late spring. These characteristic scenery constitute a picture of melting ice, sparkling, dense mountains and rivers and vibrant fields, giving people a highly harmonious beauty enjoyment. The author is still unfinished, and gives these scenes some vivid and appropriate metaphors to make them feel, feel and be credible: a pool of spring water is as clear as a newly opened territory and a sword; Castle peak is as beautiful as a girl in morning makeup. It is written on the side, and the words are rendered by seaweed. "If you peel the banana heart, the more you peel it, the better it looks."
Zhang Yanyuan's Theory of Painting Style in the Tang Dynasty said: "The painting of husband and wife is particularly difficult to avoid the appearance of the chapter, full of vivid and detailed. So do not suffer from it, but suffer from it; Now that we know, why bother? " Yuan Hongdao's Travels of Man Jing accords with this artistic dialectics. Instead of listing all the spring scenery in the well, he grasped the most typical things, "Use less, use more, and your feelings are clear" (Liu Xie's words). Only mountains, water and fields, combined with the face of "looking up to heaven", vividly describe the full well in early spring.