In the Zhou Dynasty, people who followed the etiquette and kept the etiquette and righteousness were called Han, Han, Xia and Xia, and were generally called Zhu Hua and Zhu Xia. In ancient books, "Hua" and "Xia" are the Central Plains, and "Yi" and "Yi" are the four directions. China is also called China, Midsummer, Middle-earth and China.
China and Xia used to be common, and these two words are synonyms. It is summer in China. China is also called midsummer. For example, ten years after Zuo Zhuan was written, Confucius said, "Don't seek summer, don't mess with China." The "Hua" here is also "Xia". Confucius regarded "Xia" and "Hua" as synonyms. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Hua" occupies a high position. About the Spring and Autumn Period, China ancient books began to use "Hua" and "Xia" together, which was called "Huaxia nation".
The ancestors of the Han nationality, Huangdi and Yan Di, competed for the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains. Yan Di tribe was defeated and merged into Huangdi tribe, and the Yanhuang Alliance was formed. Later, in the battle of Zhuolu, they defeated Chiyou, the leader of the Jiuli nationality of Dongyi Group, and expanded their alliance power to today's Shandong. Later, the Yellow Emperor's Department and Yan Di's Department formed a larger Huaxia alliance with some Dongyi tribes in Shandong, and the origin of Huaxia nationality was basically fixed. From 2 100 to 770 years ago, descendants of Huangdi nationality in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River successively established Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty.
Han people called themselves Huaxia in the pre-Qin period, and gradually called themselves "Han" from the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Chinese people have another name: Han. However, the original title of "Huaxia" has not disappeared, but has been used together with the title of "Han" to this day.
Hua and Xia are homophones in ancient times, and Ben are common to each other. Confucius regarded "Xia" and "Hua" as synonyms. In Zuo Zhuan, the phrase "Chinese people don't seek summer, and foreigners don't mess with China" is synonymous with China and Xia, and China is summer. China is also called midsummer. Huaxia is a self-proclaimed name of ancient Han people, and it is often called "Xia" or "Hua" in pre-Qin classics. To distinguish the four barbarians (Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi). Now it is used as the title of China and Han nationality. "Hua" and "Xia" have a very lofty position in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
In order to compete for the leader of the tribal alliance, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di broke out in the Central Plains. Yan Di tribe was defeated and merged into Huangdi tribe, and the Yanhuang Alliance was formed. Yanhuang Group is dominated by Yan Di tribe and Huangdi tribe. In the battle of Zhuolu, they defeated the combined forces of Dongyi and Miao Man led by Chiyou, the leader of Jiuli nationality, and extended the influence of Huaxia Alliance to today's Shandong, and formed a larger Huaxia tribal alliance with other tribes of Dongyi nationality in Shandong. The origin of Chinese people is basically fixed. In Zhou Dynasty, Huaxia nationality was formally formed as a national group.
In 22 1 year BC, the Qin dynasty ended the separatist regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Han nationality called itself Huaxia in the pre-Qin period, and the title of "Han nationality" gradually appeared from the Han Dynasty. But the title of Huaxia still continues to this day. With the expansion of living space, the Chinese nation flourished. In the Han and Tang Dynasties, the population, culture and economy reached an unprecedented height, and in the Song Dynasty, the humanities reached its peak. The word "Han Chinese" was widely called Huaxia by Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty. Later known as the Han nationality. Before the 20th century, the most commonly used appellation was "Huaxia people". For example, in the Han Dynasty, many people claimed to be "China people", while in the Ming Dynasty, they claimed to be both "Han people" and "China people", and the two words were synonyms. In a word, Han people and Chinese people, as equal nations, have been the most commonly used since the Han Dynasty.
The word "China people" came into being when ancient Han Chinese immigrated overseas and claimed to be from China. The term "China people" originally refers to the Han nationality, but with the expansion of Chinese civilization, the concept of "China people" has gradually expanded from the Huaxia nationality to the surrounding ethnic minorities influenced by Chinese civilization. It has become synonymous with all China people, including "China people" and "overseas Chinese". Huaxia civilization, also known as Han civilization, is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and one of the longest-lasting civilizations in the world. It is generally believed that the direct source of Chinese civilization is the Yellow River civilization and the Yangtze River civilization, and Chinese civilization is the fruit of the exchange, integration and sublimation of these two regional civilizations. The representatives of Yellow River civilization are Dadiwan culture, Peiligang culture, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Hongshan Culture in the southeast. Zhou inherited the civilization of Yin and Shang dynasties from Yin rites.
Traditionally, it is believed that the agricultural civilization produced in the Yellow River Basin has been influenced by natural and geographical factors in the historical period, and has been constantly transitioning and developing to the agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River Basin. The agricultural civilization in the Yangtze River basin is the inheritance and development of the agricultural civilization in the Yellow River basin. Early agriculture in the Yellow River basin was mainly to grow millet, while agriculture in the Yangtze River basin was mainly to grow rice. The nomadic civilization of northern grassland is an important part of Chinese civilization. The discovery of the Dadiwan site is a transitional zone between the agricultural civilization area in the Yellow River valley and the nomadic civilization area in the northern grassland, and it is also a nomadic and agricultural nation in the historical period. In the main competitive areas, agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization have been in direct communication and integration. The names of Chixian and Shenzhou were first seen in Biography of Historical Records of Mencius and Xun Qing, which mentioned that there was a man named Yan Yan in the State of Qi during the Warring States Period: "China named Chixian Shenzhou." Later, people called China "Chixian Shenzhou". However, it is used more separately, either Chixian or Shenzhou.
Flower: In ancient times, "flower" meant beauty and brilliance. One explanation for China is that people in the ancient Central Plains thought they lived in a well-dressed and gorgeous civilized area, so they called themselves China. "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan Justice": "China has a big gift, so it is called Xia; There is the beauty of service seal, which is called China. " Another way of saying it is: "flower" means red. Zhou people like red and think it is a symbol of good luck, so they call themselves flowers. There is also a saying that Hua comes from the ancient name of Huaxia Province in China.
China people: Before the Qin Dynasty, Chinese people called their motherland China. After the Qin dynasty, it gradually developed into a country with the Chinese nation as the main body. "Zhong" means China, and "Hua" is the abbreviation of the Chinese nation. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Wo's poem: "The land of China ends in the border town, and foreign clouds come from the island", which has used "China" and "foreign" interchangeably.
Huaxia: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty ruled the world and called itself Huaxia (see Shangshu Zhou Shu Wucheng). Taking the territory of the Western Zhou and Zhou Dynasties as China, the world was divided into four barbarians.
Kyushu: It originated from the legend that Dayu ruled Kyushu by controlling water. According to legend, after the flood control, China was divided into Kyushu: Ji, Yan, Qing, Jing, Yang, Liang, Yong, Xu and Yu. The Records of Huainanzi also recorded that there were Kyushu in ancient China: Shenzhou, Zizhou, Rongzhou, Jizhou, Taizhou, Jeju, Bozhou and Yangzhou. Later, Kyushu generally referred to China. The meaning of Kyushu is derived from nine domains, nine genera, nine places and nine districts. In the Song Dynasty, a map of China was drawn. Kyushu also has many nicknames, such as Jiuyi, Kyubi no Youko, Jiujiao, Jiuyou and Jiutu. & lt Mandarin. On Lu >; & gt:* * * Uncle Gong has nine, and his son said that he was trained in the past, so he worships the society. Here, * * * Gong is the Lord of the vassal, second only to (Shennong), and < < Shan Hai Jing > >; Yan Di-Yan Ju-He Jie-Xiqi-Zhu Rong-* * * Gong-Hou Di's blood is the same. Gong * * * here is a descendant of Emperor Yan, surnamed Jiang. Western Zhou Dynasty * * * and History,> It's called * * * Bo and Qian Yi. * * * Bo is a descendant of * * * Gong, surnamed Jiang. * * * Palace is located in the center of Kyushu. << shanhaijing. Zhongshan Jing >; & gt The head of Pushan Mountain is called Gan jujube hill. * * * works here and flows westward into the river. Gan jujube hill is Lei Shou Mountain, not Zhoushan, which is where * * * works and lives. * * * works' anger can't touch Zhoushan, but it is. Sealed in Fanfan, that is, Gansu jujube hill area. The Tang Dynasty lived in Bo, which started from the former palace and was also there. * *