Now there are expressways extending in all directions, fast and direct high-speed trains and planes flying in the sky. If you meet someone you miss, it's very convenient and fast, but in ancient times, traffic was inconvenient and travel modes were limited everywhere, so you were often on the road? Become an outlaw? Bad guys.
Therefore, when you go out to a distant place at this time, you should be fully prepared. There is a record in Ode to a Wanderer:? A thread in the hands of a kind mother? Afraid that the delay will make him come home late? .
The mother sewed clothes for her son on a long trip, and everyone was worried about her son for fear that he would come back late.
The migration of human beings on foot appeared in the fourth period, marking a new era, and some living environments and lifestyles are waiting for human beings to explore and discover slowly.
As the saying goes:? People eat for the sky? In ancient times, it was even worse. In order to survive, people have to move. Ancient times was the most backward time for human beings. People ate raw food and migrated only on foot.
The ancient book Historical Records? Zhou Benji has a detailed record of migration, telling the ways and reasons of the migration of Zhou tribes. If there is a plague in one place and bandits are rampant and cannot survive, people will move their families to other places.
Cars? The appearance of
With the passage of time, society is developing and human beings are making progress. The rulers extensively built roads and water conservancy projects, safeguarded national unity, strengthened control over various regions, facilitated the transmission of instructions, facilitated people's travel, and created a platform for the development of transportation.
In fact, the popularity of double-rail cars in Han Dynasty was not high. Only bureaucrats and nobles can afford to ride a pair of iron carts, and ordinary people also have horses. Xiaokang? Yes
Many movies show that those distinguished people will travel by car, even commit crimes in the street, and then the male or female host will come out to save the scene. Such stories abound. Whether to take a two-axle car when going out has become a noble symbol of status.
According to historical records, the wheels of two-axle cars are made of wood, so the technical safety of horse training at that time should not be high. In addition, roads are not like cement and asphalt roads now, so we are lucky without stones. Therefore, taking a bus can't make people feel comfortable and relaxed, which makes people upset. This is called spending money to make trouble!
Cattle and horses in Tang dynasty
The power source of ancient cars was not only horses, but also ox carts. Ox carts are cheaper and more stable than horse-drawn carriages, so they are more popular, but this popularity is also a treatment that ordinary people can't enjoy.
Cows generally walk slowly and smoothly, and the improved carriage has more space, so they can sit and lie down, and Ge You can lie down. Ox carts are a gift to the wives of officials and nobles.
The fly in the ointment is that the travel speed is very slow, which is suitable for idle female compatriots, shopping or praying in temples. For impatient people, it can be described as a sweet torture. In case of emergency, you will generally choose to take a carriage or ride a horse directly.
At this time, the technology of human domestication of horses has been relatively mature.
It not only plays the role of transportation, but also becomes an indispensable combat tool on the battlefield.
Since the independence of the Tang dynasty, cavalry has been the core and infantry has been the auxiliary operation.
Although the size of infantry has increased, the core position of cavalry is still unshakable.
The cavalry in the Tang Dynasty was divided into elite cavalry with heavy loads and light cavalry with bows and arrows. The victory of the Tang Dynasty and the Turkic War was not only due to the internal division of the Turks, but more importantly, it was backed by a powerful cavalry regiment.
In other words, victory does not necessarily belong to us without the support of cavalry regiment. The cavalry has the power to be reckoned with on the battlefield, which is the key to winning the war. This powerful military force was one of the factors that made the Tang Dynasty prosperous.
The appearance of a sedan chair
Sedan chair appeared before the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.
The appearance of sedan chair was recorded in the ancient History of Song Dynasty:? Square, yellow and black decoration? In front of the curtain, use a long pole? .
Everyone pursues comfortable and stable means of transportation, and sedan chair has become the mode of travel that everyone yearns for, which indirectly reflects the attitude of people in Song Dynasty who are comfortable and enjoy themselves without making progress. During the Northern Song Dynasty, a minister began to say that ordinary people were not qualified to sit in sedan chairs. I'm not saying that this minister can do much! So Song Taizu made a rule? Non-product officials are not allowed to sit in warm sedan chairs? .
A warm sedan chair refers to a closed sedan chair with a cloth at the top, which is not open in the air and surrounded by cloth. This is also called. Dark sedan chair? . But this rule can't stop people from pursuing a comfortable pace, nor can it stop people from loving sedan chairs.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, when Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou lifted the ban, sedan chairs reappeared in front of the public and became the main means of transportation for people to travel.
However, although this way of traveling is comfortable, it depends on manpower and is rickety. Besides, we can't afford a sedan chair without financial resources.
Although Song Gaozu lifted the ban, ancient times paid attention to the distinction between honor and inferiority, so a stricter hierarchy was formulated, and sedan chairs were divided into official sedan chairs (for official use only), wedding sedan chairs (for bride use only) and civilian sedan chairs (for ordinary people use only).
Official sedan chair specifications and the number of sedan chairs are limited. At a traditional wedding, the Xi sedan chair is a kind of sedan chair that takes the bride to her husband's house. People's sedan chairs are similar to taxis now, and there is a charge for sitting. Most wealthy families will have a sedan chair for their own use, usually a small green cloth sedan chair carried by two people, similar to the current private car.
At this time, the sedan chair has become the main travel tool of ancient people, and the sedan chair has also become a craft. The carriers in the yamen are mostly children who inherit their father's footsteps. Don't take it for granted that this is a simple job that needs hard work, sedan chair.
Being a sedan chair bearer in yamen has many taboos. First of all, you can't talk loudly in sedan chair. You must rely on the leader of the sedan chair bearer to command and listen to his instructions to complete the sedan chair and stop the sedan chair. The sedan chair head will tell us what to do next in code. For example, when going uphill and downhill, the sedan chair handle will slap the sedan chair bar. When getting off the sedan chair, the bearers in front should immediately pull over and press the sedan chair to facilitate the officials to get off the sedan chair.
In addition, in order to prevent officials from smelling bad smell, bearers should not eat garlic, leeks and other things with bad smell, nor spit loudly, so as not to make officials sick. Such a variety of sedan chair rules make sedan chairs more comfortable, so sedan chairs become a special enjoyment.
The appearance of ships
A vehicle entering the water is like a blind man holding a lamp, which has no effect at all. In order to facilitate people to transport on water, canoes and rafts were first used. Rafts are divided into bamboo rafts and rafts, made of bamboo poles or tree trunks.
Later, after improvement, there were wooden boats with artificial paddles, and the skills in the Tang and Song Dynasties were more mature. Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away. Apes on both sides of the strait are crying endlessly, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man? .
Fully demonstrated the speed of the ship at that time.
By the Ming Dynasty, ships became famous and the shipbuilding industry reached its peak, whether private or public. There are thousands of ships alone, and the largest ship in the world, Zheng He Bao Ship, has been built.
Ships can be said to be omnipotent: in daily travel, it is convenient for people to transport goods, which takes less time, is faster and saves manpower than land carriage transportation. Militarily, when Zheng He went to the Western Ocean, the shipbuilding technology in Europe was far behind that in China.
Zheng He's Inscription:? People who disrespect the king are birds; Barbarian invaders, suppress them. ?
The navy of Ming Dynasty played an important role in resisting foreign invasion. If the navy of the Ming Dynasty was called the second, no one dared to call it the first.
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In the feudal social environment, the ordinary sedan chair became a symbol of status and power, and even the sedan chair was graded. This incorrect concept did not disappear with the withdrawal of the sedan chair.
Nowadays, with the continuous development of society, cars have gradually entered the homes of ordinary people. 2 1 century cars are equivalent to ancient sedan chairs, which are regarded as symbols of wealth, and the wind of comparison has been blowing. It is the comparison of human beings that has changed the original means of transportation, and many people have paid heavy car loans for it.
I don't think it is necessary at all. The appearance of transportation has brought about qualitative changes to mankind, which indicates that mankind has gradually entered a civilized society, become a bridge for human communication, and promoted social and economic development.
Moreover, the car we are pursuing now will be vomited by future generations after thousands of years and become their talk after dinner.
Our traffic today is convenient and fast, which evolved step by step from ancient times. Ancient means of transportation took the lead in changing the way of human walking. Although the ancient traffic was relatively backward, the people of the two places could not communicate frequently and developed slowly.
But later, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the types of means of transportation emerged in an endless stream, which promoted the economic development and cultural exchange in China and made a qualitative leap.
Flying is no longer a dream, and the development of aviation will lead mankind to embark on a new journey of exploring the universe; Going to sea is not nonsense. The submarine will lead us to explore the unknown ocean and answer the mystery of marine life.
I firmly believe that our current traffic development is not the peak period, society is developing and human beings are making progress. The future will only be better and life will be more convenient. Maybe it was invented in the future? Doraemon's pocket? Any door inside can take us anywhere we want to go, or we may have a flying dragonfly to show us all the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Who can be sure of the future?