However, at the same time, the other three ancient civilizations left only one site. As we all know, China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and different regions have their own dialects. However, the use of the same Chinese characters makes people in different parts of the world unable to understand each other's words and can communicate with each other, which lays a cultural foundation for the unification of all parts of China.
The use of classical Chinese makes the words that record culture break away from the vernacular Chinese that is close to oral Chinese, and avoids the interruption or misunderstanding caused by the development and change of oral Chinese to the inheritance of cultural traditions: not to mention a hundred years, even if elderly people come to listen to today's children, I am afraid there are many incomprehensible contents, not to mention thousands of years. According to historical research, Hakka dialect in the southeast coastal area is the closest pronunciation and language to ancient Chinese, and Cantonese in Guangdong carries a lot of grammar and sentence structure of ancient Chinese.
Moreover, the Mandarin we speak today is not the most authentic Chinese, but the product of mixing with dialects of all ethnic groups in the north! The development of network language proves that we don't know what the language will look like tomorrow. But as long as you have received basic literacy education, you can read 300 poems, including Yuefu, Tang poetry, Song poetry and Yuanqu.
There is not much difference in grammar and sentence patterns between historical records two thousand years ago and a modern classical Chinese. The use of classical Chinese not only simplifies the materials consumed in China's historical records as much as possible, but also ensures the continuity and inheritance of culture.
Unfortunately, the New Culture Movement not only completely denied Confucianism, but also completely denied classical Chinese, which was equivalent to destroying the two cornerstones of China culture. I hope everyone can read more classical Chinese and make up their own traditional culture classes.
2. If you want to learn ancient Chinese, why not talk about cultural inheritance? It's useless to you.
Let's start with something more specific. First of all, because this is a means for national education to screen talents, a selective examination like the college entrance examination is to arrange different resources for people with different educational levels, including the educational resources and social resources you occupy.
There are two main reasons for selecting talents: 1 is to improve efficiency, and people with small ability can't educate so deeply, wasting time and energy, which is not cost-effective; 2. To save resources, the shortage of teachers and educational resources in China is normal. As you said, ancient prose itself doesn't need everyone to know so much. Many people are either not interested or can't learn so much.
It is precisely because many people do not have the ability to learn ancient prose that they choose ancient prose as a compulsory test item. The screening degree of college entrance examination can be assumed to be 10%, that is, as long as 10% students can meet the learning requirements of ancient Chinese.
Because our country is short of resources, we can only give these resources to 10% students. The existence of ancient prose in college entrance examination subjects is not to make everyone become a knowledgeable person who studies Confucian classics.
That recitation and translation is nothing to the study of Confucian classics, just like children playing with sand. You should also understand that no one is forcing you to become a researcher in Confucian classics now.
The college entrance examination does not make you a Confucian classics researcher, nor does it make you an outstanding person. The college entrance examination is only for merit-based admission.
Whether or not to become a scholar is your own choice. You have your freedom, as long as you don't violate the law, you can do whatever you want.
The college entrance examination is only for 10% people to have better resources. Whether you want to be that 10% or not, other people really don't care except your head teacher, grade head, principal and your parents.
Others hope you'd better not be 10%, so they have one less competitor. The reason why your class teacher, grade leader and headmaster have to give you so much pressure is because they have their own business pressure.
You are asked to endorse and translate because you can't control them and can't damage the admission rate of their school. Finally, I want to say something.
I am grateful that there are so many people in China who care about the inheritance of the motherland's cultural traditions and have no utilitarian intention to do research and publicity for these cultural traditions. Because of their existence, I feel at least a little blood flowing in this land; Because of their existence, I feel that being a China person is a great pride.
After reading my statement, I still don't expect you to change the culture of ancient Chinese. But I also hope that those who support my point of view will give me an approval when you can insist on reading it and agree with me.
Although we are all unknown, at least we have the same roots.
3. Why do middle school students learn classical Chinese? Cultivating students' ability to read simple classical Chinese is one of the important tasks of Chinese teaching in middle schools. (1) has the ability to read simple and understandable classical Chinese, which is helpful to inherit the cultural heritage of the motherland. (2) Being able to read simple classical Chinese is helpful to improve the level of modern Chinese. (1) Cultivating students' ability to read simple and easy classical Chinese is one of the important tasks of Chinese teaching in middle schools.
China is an ancient civilization, with a history of ancient books, social sciences, natural sciences, literature and art, many of which are worth absorbing. If we don't inherit this heritage, we will cut off the history of our nation and make the mistake of nihilism.
Most ancient books are written in classical Chinese. The two characteristics of "enduring" and "divorced from spoken language" in classical Chinese not only provide convenience for us to read ancient poems, but also bring difficulties.
"Invariance" refers to the lexical system and grammatical system of classical Chinese. Before the Han Dynasty, classical Chinese was formed on the basis of spoken language.
For example, in the Analects of Confucius, there are nine function words in one sentence, which shows that every function word in spoken language at that time was recorded. This kind of spoken language was not only found in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, but was deliberately imitated by scholars in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Five Dynasties, the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the May 4th Movement.
In this way, the language before the Han Dynasty has become a written language that runs through thousands of years of history in China, and this written language is classical Chinese. Of course, due to imitation, the classical Chinese written by the authors of past dynasties is inevitably mixed with the words of later generations, and the grammar of later generations cannot be exactly the same as that of the language before the Han Dynasty, which makes the classical Chinese have some subtle changes, but this change has not changed the basic face of the classical Chinese.
Therefore, whether it is the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties or the classical Chinese works in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, their basic vocabulary and grammar are almost the same. This is convenient for us objectively: as long as we study classical Chinese, we can freely absorb the needed nutrition from the voluminous ancient books without the limitation of the times.
If the ancient books were written not in classical Chinese, but in vernacular Chinese in different periods of history, it would be much more difficult for us to inherit this heritage, which can be realized from reading the essays of the Tang Dynasty, the story books of the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the operas of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The characteristics of "divorced from spoken language" make classical Chinese difficult to understand.
It is not easy to learn classical Chinese from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to today. Because the standard of "meeting" is different, the difficulty of learning is also different.
In feudal society, the standard for scholars to know classical Chinese is that they can read and write, while the standard for modern people to know classical Chinese is that they can read. Relatively speaking, it is much less difficult for modern people to "know". Moreover, many ancient books are sorted out by scholars of past dynasties, so the reading difficulty is reduced.
Nevertheless, it is still difficult for modern people to learn to read classical Chinese ancient books. With the development of language, the times are too far apart, and we are unfamiliar with the lexical meaning and grammatical features of classical Chinese. We are either unfamiliar with the history, culture, laws and regulations recorded in ancient books, or have never been exposed to them.
These are all difficulties in learning classical Chinese. However, to read ancient books, we must learn classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is a stumbling block in front of the treasure house of cultural heritage. If we make up our minds to subdue this tiger, the door of the treasure house will be open to us and we will gain a lot. If we hesitate and fear in front of this tiger and dare not touch it, the door of the treasure house will be closed, and our losses will be great. If middle school students have the ability to read simple classical Chinese, can initially read ancient books with punctuation and annotations, and gradually improve the reading level of classical Chinese in reading, a considerable number of readers can be formed.
In this way; On the one hand, a group of experts in sorting out ancient books have been trained, on the other hand, a large number of readers can read the sorted ancient books and hopefully receive the cultural heritage of the motherland. Otherwise, even if a group of talents are specially trained to sort out ancient books, they can only be shelved and become furnishings, which will not play their due role.
(2) Being able to read simple and easy classical Chinese is helpful to improve the level of modern Chinese and Chinese literacy. Chinese is recorded with the character "Fang", which is a linguistic sign, and 80% of pictophonetic characters are composed of phonetic signs and semantic signs.
With the development of language, the pronunciation has changed, and it is impossible to accurately read the pronunciation according to the phonetic symbols, which is a shortcoming of Chinese characters and increases the reading difficulty of students. But Chinese characters are monosyllabic, and each word represents a syllable and a meaning at the same time. Its advantage is strong adaptability.
No matter how many new words are generated, there is no need to add new words in principle. In Chinese, disyllabic words (except Lian Mian words and transliteration loanwords) are composed of meaningful words.
Therefore, more than 3,000 commonly used words in Chinese can be combined into tens of thousands of words (modern Chinese dictionaries contain 5 14 19 disyllabic words, and only 1972 words constitute these words). Classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, and a word is a word; Modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words, and one word consists of two words.
Some words in classical Chinese are not used now, but their meanings remain as morphemes in disyllabic or polysyllabic words in modern Chinese. For example, "loss" is a word in classical Chinese, but it cannot be used as a separate word in modern Chinese. But it can be used as a morpheme to form many words, such as rudeness, excuse me, theft, heart failure, lovelorn, gaffe, miss, separation, loss of virginity, loss of time, failure to stand up, disorder, lovelorn and so on.
What does "loss" mean? The annotation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi is Zongye. ""vertical "means running away, which means throwing away.
Since it is "running away" and "throwing away", it is subjectively unwilling to do so. So "rudeness", "excuse me" and "not meeting" refer to the impoliteness of etiquette for objective reasons; Failing to accompany guests according to etiquette; Don't greet the guests according to etiquette.
"Lost" means stolen due to subjective negligence. Everyone has a meaning of "non-subjective desire" in it.
Many words in classical Chinese are still in use, but some meanings have changed and some have disappeared, and those changed or disappeared meanings are still used as a morpheme in modern Chinese vocabulary, with two or more syllables. For example, "city" means "wall" in classical Chinese.
"The capital is more than a hundred miles, and the country is also harmful." ("left.
4. Why do you want to learn classical Chinese? First of all, I think it is to cultivate feelings for classical Chinese. Only when you have a deep attachment to classical Chinese can you be interested in classical Chinese and improve your aesthetic taste in the process of appreciation.
The second is accumulation. The reading of classical Chinese, in a sense, serves the reading of modern Chinese. Only those who have a certain knowledge of reading classical Chinese will feel comfortable reading modern Chinese.
Thirdly, only when reading classical Chinese has made a qualitative leap in emotion can we truly appreciate the profoundness of China's splendid culture for 5,000 years and enhance our deep feelings for the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.
I think the above three aspects can be regarded as a simple answer to why we should learn classical Chinese.
-Learning classical Chinese, knowing some classical Chinese knowledge and having the ability to read simple classical Chinese will help to inherit the cultural heritage of the motherland, learn from the great spirit, lofty morality and high wisdom of our ancestors, enhance national pride, cultivate patriotism, establish the ambition to revitalize China and improve ideological, intellectual and cultural quality; It can also deepen the understanding of modern Chinese and improve the language cultivation and expression ability of modern Chinese;
You can learn about the 5,000-year history of China and know many wonderful and fascinating stories.
-Classical Chinese is the source of modern Chinese. Many words in modern Chinese are derived from classical Chinese, and many sentences in classical Chinese have become idioms in modern Chinese. Learning classical Chinese can greatly promote the learning of modern Chinese.
-improve literary literacy and writing ability, enhance the value of life, and even change the fate of life.
-Classical Chinese is concise, elegant and cadence, which is very beautiful to read.
-China's ancient records are a huge treasure house, and there are a lot of materials for modern research, but if you don't know classical Chinese, you won't need them.
This introduction is still relatively abstract, and I will give you a few examples for the latter:
The history of modern meteorology is only 100 years, and the record of modern meteorology is only 100 years at most. However, Zhu Kezhen, a famous meteorologist in China, wrote a monograph "Study on Climate Change in China in Five Thousand Years", which caused a shock in the world. Where did he get the information? From all kinds of ancient books. The meteorological data of other countries are only 100 years, while that of China is several thousand years.
There are cures for cancer in ancient books.
-Meng Qian Bitan has a record of "UFO".
-About earthquakes, floods, eclipses, eclipses and comets.