The Library of Congress is located in Washington, D.C., and is located at 1800. With 6.5438+28 million books, the library has become a giant in the history of libraries, including 29 million books, 65.438+02 million photos and 58 million manuscripts, of which more than two-thirds of the books are stored in multimedia. Including many rare books, special collections, the world's largest maps, movies and TV series.
According to the statistics of the Chinese Department of this museum, up to now, it has more than 50,000 rare books of ancient China. Among them, there is a book called All Tathagata, which is a woodcut of Buddhist scriptures in the early Northern Song Dynasty in 975 AD. There are more than 4,000 kinds and 60,000 volumes of local chronicles in China, of which 100 is an orphan of China. With regard to the written materials of ethnic minorities in China, the Ministry also collected more than 200 kinds of Tibetan woodcuts, more than 400 kinds of Manchu materials and more than 3,000 kinds of Yunnan Naxi Dongba materials.
The Library of Congress consists of three buildings named after the President, namely Jefferson Building, Adams Building and Madison Building, with a total area of 342,000 square meters. The director of the Library of Congress is appointed by the President, and the Senate votes to hold office for life. The names of successive curators are engraved on the marble wall on the side of Jefferson Building.
2. Russian National Library
The Russian National Library is the largest library in Europe, ranking second in the world after the Library of Congress in the United States. The Russian National Library, formerly known as Moscow Museum and Lu Midtsev Museum, was signed and approved by the emperor in July 1862. 1862 The Lumiyantsev Museum was moved from Petersburg to Moscow. 1925 was renamed the Soviet National Lenin Library. 1992 The Russian National Library was established on the basis of the Soviet National Lenin Library.
By the end of 2000, the Russian National Library had 42.8 million books in 249 languages (including Asian and African countries 1 15 languages), including books and pamphlets 15.9 million books, magazines131million books, and continuous publications/. Map144,500, atlas10.3 million, slogan publication10.3 million, 2.2 million special scientific and technological documents, 758,800 doctoral dissertations, 500,900 archives and written materials, and undisclosed cultural and artistic materials10.52.
3. National Library of France
The National Library of France is the largest library in France. Its history can be traced back to the King's Library established by Charles V (1364- 1380) to collect the royal collections of past dynasties, and then rebuilt by Francois I (151547) in Fontainebleau. 198 1 year, President Mitterrand proposed to build the "World's No.1 Library", the foundation stone was laid at the end of 1990, and it was completed in March 1995. President Mitterrand attended the inauguration ceremony of the new library. 1993 On July 2 1, the French Council of Ministers decided to merge the former National Library with the newly-built French Library and rename it the French National Library. The new French National Library was officially opened on February 20th under the auspices of President Chirac, and it was named Mitterrand Library.
At present, the library has a collection of130,000 volumes, which is almost the same as that of the British Museum. Among them, 600,000 volumes are open-shelf books. In addition, there are 350,000 kinds of magazines, 250,000 manuscripts of celebrities, more than 6,543,800 kinds of audio-visual materials, and more than 800,000 pieces of cultural relics such as medals and coins. Audio-visual materials and celebrity manuscripts rank first in the world.
4. British Library
The British Library (also translated as the British Library and the British National Library) was established in July at 1973, located in London and West Yorkshire. It consists of the former British Museum Library, the National Central Library, the National Science and Technology Library on loan and the British National Bibliography Publishing House.
The reference department of this museum collects more than 654.38+0,000,000 printed books, 6.5438+0.2 million handwritten books, more than 654.38+0,000 seals and more than 3,000 papyrus and other materials. The lending department has about130,000 books, 92,000 periodicals and newspapers, 3.5 million microfilm files and 3 million audio recordings. The library owns every book and newspaper published in Britain; Periodicals and music scores must have a copy of Cowper stored in the library. Book collection of the Ministry of Humanities and Social Sciences13 million volumes, including the collection of Oriental and Indian Rooms, national audio-visual archives, manuscripts, music, maps, newspapers and stamps.
5. National Library of China
The National Library of China was completed in 1987, with an area of 7.24 hectares and a building area of140,000 square meters. It is located next to Zizhuyuan Park on the south bank of Baishiqiao in Haidian District, Beijing. Above ground 19 floors, 3 floors underground, with a construction area of 60,000 square meters. 1On September 9, 1999, the Qing government approved the establishment of Shi Jing Library (the predecessor of the National Library). In the past century, Shi Jing Library has been renamed as National Peiping Library and Beijing Library successively, and was renamed as National Library on 19981February 12.
The National Library of China is the largest library in Asia. By the end of 2005, its collection reached more than 25 million volumes, including more than 2 million rare books of ancient books, such as the famous Yongle Grand Ceremony and Sikuquanshu. Among them, the most concerned are the four university collections: Dunhuang Suicide Notes, Zhao Cheng Jin Cang, Yongle Dadian and Wen Jin Ge Si Ku Quan Shu.