Philosophy is a kind of social ideology and a theory about world outlook. It is a theoretical and systematic world outlook, a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature, social knowledge and thinking knowledge, and a unity of world outlook and methodology.
It is the concrete existence and manifestation of social consciousness, and it is a science that pursues the origin, essence, absolute and ultimate metaphysical form of the world and takes the methodology of understanding and transforming the world as its research content. At the same time, in the famous science and technology integration model, philosophy is at the top of the model, which brings together and guides specific science and is closely related to science.
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In ancient Greece, the word philosophy was used in two ways: one was to regard philosophy as "the confluence of all kinds of knowledge" in a broad sense; One is to regard philosophy in a narrow sense as the study of the origin or noumenon of the world, that is, metaphysics. Primitive refers to the root, element, starting base or * * * same foundation that constitutes everything in the world. Concrete things have their birth and death, but primitive things don't. Primacy produces everything, and everything returns to primitiveness after destruction.
According to the classification of all kinds of knowledge by great thinkers in ancient Greece, the knowledge of studying physical natural phenomena is called physics, and the knowledge of studying abstract objects such as the origin of the world is called "post-physics". Yan Fu, a modern scholar in China, translated the word "post-physics" into metaphysics, that is, philosophy, according to the statement that "the metaphysical refers to the Tao, while the metaphysical refers to the device" in the Book of Changes.
Metaphysics has a second usage, that is, Hegel, a great German philosopher in modern times, gave "metaphysics" a new meaning for the first time, referring to a non-dialectical way of thinking. Our present philosophical principles and the application of metaphysics in real life refer to isolated, static and one-sided viewpoints and methods.
In the past, philosophers and thinkers' knowledge and understanding of philosophy, whether it is "the study of wisdom" or "all-encompassing science" or "scientific science" that dominates and surpasses other sciences, had certain rationality, that is, its essence is the knowledge of studying common problems, but it failed to truly reveal the nature, object and characteristics of philosophy.
Marxist philosophy holds that all philosophy from ancient times to the present is a systematic and theoretical world outlook, that is, the theoretical form of world outlook, a generalization and summary of knowledge of nature, social knowledge and thinking knowledge, the most general nature and law of studying the development of nature, society and human thinking, and the most abstract social ideology with class nature. In order to correctly understand and master the meaning or definition of philosophy, we need to correctly understand several relationships.