From the definition of the dictionary, the definition of hooligans is roughly as follows: First, it refers to vagrants who have no fixed residence. The second refers to the so-called barbarians. For example, the Chinese Dictionary explains: "Today, people who disturb social order and peace and specialize in bad behavior are also called hooligans, just like hooligans." (The Chinese Dictionary, Volume 19, published by China Institute of Studies, p. 205) Judging from these two explanations, their first meaning is the explanation of etymology, which belongs to a broad concept; The second meaning belongs to sociological interpretation and narrow definition. The Chinese Dictionary, edited by Luo, explains the word "rogue" as follows: first, it refers to unemployed people at first, and then to people who do nothing but do evil. Second, it refers to the means of showing obscenity, unruly and sloppy behavior (Book V of Chinese Dictionary, 1263, Chinese Dictionary Publishing House, 1990). Another example is the Dictionary of Modern Chinese compiled by the Dictionary Editorial Office of the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which is interpreted as: "(1) originally refers to vagrants, and later refers to people who do nothing but do evil. (2) refers to people who have bad behaviors such as laissez-faire, slackness and using obscene means. " (Modern Chinese Dictionary, edited by Dictionary Editorial Office, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Commercial Press, 1996 edition) Judging from the explanation in the above dictionary, it is basically explained from two aspects: first, it refers to "unemployment" in occupation; Second, in behavior, it is "doing nothing, doing dirty things and doing evil."
The above explanations are only from some dictionaries, and there are other explanations from the literature. The general situation is as follows: Marx and Engels revealed the word "rogue" in their early works "Manifesto of the Productive Party". In the book, the word "rogue proletariat" has been explained as follows: "rogue proletariat is a part of negative corruption at the bottom of the old society. They are sometimes involved in the movement by the proletarian revolution, but because of their whole living conditions, they are more willing to be bought and do reactionary activities. " (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 1, People's Publishing House, 1972, pp. 262 and 254) The Manifesto of the Producers also holds that hooligans praised by reactionaries in the Middle Ages are brave and heartless, with "laziness" as their corresponding supplement (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, p. 6544). Ma and En's revelation of the nature of "rogue proletariat" has profound class characteristics, and they pay more attention to the political characteristics of this social class, which is unique. Later, when Encyclopedia Britannica introduced the concept of "rogue proletariat", it was based on the Manifesto of the Producer Party.
193 1 year, when Lu Xun gave a speech entitled "Rogue and Literature" in Shanghai Dongya Wentong Academy, he once defined the word "rogue" like this: "Rogue equals rogue plus strong man, plus 300 endorsements. There are probably two reasons for hooliganism: first, Confucius, that is, Confucianism; One is Mozi's disciple, namely Xia. These two things were also very good, but when their thoughts degenerated, they gradually became' hooligans'. " (Quoted from199265438+1October 16) The words "rogue", "strong man" and "three hundred endorsements" in the article are all Japanese words, that is, hooligans, rogues and ruffians. The Japanese vocabulary used here is probably related to the early publication of this article in Japan. However, in addition to the title of "three hundred endorsements", other titles such as "rogue son" and "strong man" have existed in China since ancient times and have also been interpreted as hooligans.
In addition, in the book "The Change of Rogues", Wan Yan Shaoyuan defined "Rogue" as: Rogue "is a member of the bottom of society who is ignorant and divorced from the most basic means of production in ancient society-fields, so there is no legitimate business to rely on; As a hooligan, the meaning of the word "Liu" can also contain or extend the content of evolution in a bad direction and indulgence into disadvantages. In short, the word' rogue' can be roughly defined as: refers to the undesirable elements who are not engaged in production and wandering in society, and their basic behavioral characteristics are those who deviate from traditional moral culture and undermine social order. " (Wan Yan Yuan Shao: The Change of Rogues, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1993 Edition)