Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory connective tissue disease that mostly occurs in young women and affects multiple organs. The age of onset of this disease is more common in 20-40 years old, and women are about 5-10 times more likely to have it than men. Most have a slow onset, with subacute and chronic processes, and a few are acute, with remission and relapse occurring alternately. The cause of the disease is unknown, but it is currently believed to be related to genetics, viral or bacterial infection, physical factors, endocrine factors, mental factors and many other factors. Certain drugs (such as hydrazides, anti-epileptic drugs, procaine amide, etc.), sunlight and ultraviolet rays, pregnancy and childbirth, etc. can induce it. There are many autoantibodies in the serum of this disease, but the most important ones are lupus erythematosus cells (LE cells).
Common symptoms include:
1. Systemic symptoms: fever, fatigue, weight loss, etc.
2. Facial erythema and various rashes, skin allergies after sun exposure.
3. Hair loss.
4. Repeated oral ulcers.
5. Joint pain, myalgia, muscle weakness, and extremities changing from white to purple and then red when exposed to cold.
6. Chest tightness, shortness of breath, and dry cough.
7. Mental disorders, epileptic attacks, hemiplegia, etc.
8. Loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal distension, etc.
9. Epistaxis, gum bleeding, skin purpura, etc.
10. Swollen lymph nodes.
Basic clinical examinations include:
1. Blood routine: anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia may be present.
2. Urine routine: hematuria, proteinuria, etc.
3. Autoantibodies: ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-SSA/SSB, anti-rRNP, AHA, mDNA, ACL, RF, anti-Hu, PCNA and other antibodies can all be positive.
4. Complement is reduced and immunoglobulin is increased.
5. Positive lupus band test.
6. Kidney biopsy: It is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis estimation of lupus.
7. The prognosis has been greatly improved. Patients are encouraged to build up the confidence to defeat the disease, guide them to treat the disease correctly, cooperate with doctors' treatment, and insist on long-term follow-up.
(2) Treatment should be individualized and the treatment plan should be decided according to the specific situation.
(3) Drug treatment: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who have visceral damage should choose drug treatment. The types of commonly used drugs are:
1. Hormones: can quickly control the condition, Relieve symptoms, but you should pay attention to the medication time and master the timing of reducing the medication to prevent the occurrence of side effects.
2. Immunosuppressants: For autoimmune diseases with kidney, liver and other internal organ damage, immunosuppressants should be added early, which has obvious effects on improving the prognosis.
3. Symptomatic treatment: such as antipyretic.
(4) Immune purification treatment: including plasma exchange and lymphocyte apheresis. This method can be used to remove damage from the body for systemic lupus erythematosus and other diffuse autoimmune diseases with multiple autoantibodies. Acting macromolecules and immune complexes.
(5) T cell vaccine: T cell vaccine is a new immunotherapy method that has recently emerged. It achieves the purpose of treating autoimmune diseases by inhibiting the function of autoreactive T cells, thereby controlling the abnormal immune response in the patient's body.
(6) Autologous stem cell transplantation: It is a relatively effective treatment method for systemic lupus erythematosus adopted in recent years. However, the long-term efficacy has yet to be studied, and there are certain risks, so it should be strictly controlled. Timely symptoms.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic disease that affects multiple organs, most commonly involving the skin, kidneys, lungs, joints, heart, liver and other organs. You should pay attention to the following points in your daily diet:
(1) Do not eat or eat less food that can enhance light sensitivity: such as figs, milkvetch, rape, yellow mud snails and celery, etc., such as Avoid exposure to sunlight after consumption. Mushrooms such as mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms, certain food dyes, and tobacco may also have the potential to induce SLE, so try not to eat them or eat less of them.
(2) High-protein diet: SLE patients with kidney damage often lose a large amount of protein in the urine, which can cause hypoalbuminemia. Therefore, they must supplement enough high-quality protein. They can drink more milk and more Eat soy products, eggs, lean meat, fish and other protein-rich foods.
(3) Low-fat diet: SLE patients are less active and have poor digestive function. They should eat light and easy-to-digest foods and should not eat greasy foods containing more fat.
(4) Low-sugar diet: SLE patients who take glucocorticoids for a long time can easily cause steroid diabetes and Cushing's syndrome. Therefore, they should control their meal intake appropriately and eat less foods with high sugar content.
(5) Low-salt diet: Patients taking corticosteroids or suffering from kidney damage can easily cause water and sodium retention and cause edema, so a low-salt diet is required.
(6) Supplement calcium to prevent osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoids; eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins.