In such a dynasty where commerce gradually flourished and commodity economy gradually replaced natural economy, people had more space and opportunities to enjoy it. Take the take-away service that brings great convenience to our life. As early as 1000 years ago in the Song Dynasty, they started ordering take-away. So, did Song people really like eating out? Order takeout? Really? Today, this article will discuss in detail why the life of Song people is so particular.
First, the whole people like to eat out.
In ancient China, people basically ate two meals, one at noon and one at night. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, with the lifting of curfew, people gradually developed the habit of eating supper. People in the Song Dynasty liked eating out very much. Restaurants and restaurants mentioned in Tokyo's Dream of China alone account for more than half of the total number of shops. "Dream of Liang Lu" said that ordinary people in the capital have no stoves at home, and all meals are basically solved outside.
Diet life
At the fifth watch, many shops in the city were already open, including breakfast stalls providing enema, fried lung, porridge, rice and snacks, slaughter stalls slaughtering animals in the street, and stalls frying tea soup and medicine. In the evening, the number of customers in restaurants on the street gradually increased. It can be said that Song people were very particular about diet? Not worth it, but enjoy the new ears? You can do whatever it takes to taste fresh and delicious food.
However, at that time, eating out was not the exclusive right of the rich. In addition to wealthy ordinary citizens, people at the bottom of the city also like to eat out. Because at that time, there were dishes specially prepared for the lower classes, which were cheap and effective to satisfy hunger.
For example, it is recorded in Meng Lianglu:? Specializing in home cooking, such as meat soup, bone soup, and selling butterfly noodles and fried meat, these shops are all the rough satisfaction of the inferior people, they go to the market? .
It can be said that all social strata in the Song Dynasty liked to eat out, no matter whether they were financially strong or not, there was always a place for themselves to eat.
Second, the hot takeaway industry
How much do Song people love to order takeout? The Song Dynasty had developed economy and rich products. According to Tokyo's Chinese dream? Market brokers often only buy food and drinks from market stores, not vegetables? It can be seen that the middle class in the Song Dynasty, like modern people, like to pack meals and go home directly after work, or order takeout, especially the rich children of the petty bourgeoisie, who seldom cook, as Liang Lu said in his dream: It's convenient to eat and drink, isn't it? This convenient and quick service is naturally liked and sought after by many Song people, which also provides a good business opportunity for the development of the takeaway industry.
1, song dynasty takeaway service
At that time, many hotels offered similar services? Call by the hour? At that time, the takeaway service required diners to order in the restaurant in advance. After ordering food, the restaurant is responsible for delivering food to the door according to the agreed time difference, and the charge is also cash on delivery, but it has to be said that this greatly facilitated people's lives at that time. What did the Song Dynasty call a professional deliveryman? Idle Han? ,? Idle Han? Running errands in restaurants and tea shops. In front of a pedicure shop in Shanghetu, Qingming, we can clearly see one? Idle Han? I'm carrying two bowls in my hand and going out to deliver takeout.
The emperor also likes to order takeout.
How hot was the takeaway industry in the Song Dynasty? One of the most representative is that even the emperors in the Song Dynasty loved to eat takeout. Song Taizu was the first emperor to put forward the main points of takeaway in Song Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Taizu put forward a big banquet at the birthday party, but the chef of the Imperial Chef did not prepare the materials in advance. Just when everyone was puzzled, the emperor suggested that officials order takeout in major hotels in Beijing. From then on, the emperor ordered takeout for the first time. Later, Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou, Song Ningzong and Zhao Kuo all liked takeout very much.
According to the well-thought-out book "Collection of Famous Stories" by the literati in the Song Dynasty? De shou buys the market. In the first month of Xiaozong's winter moon, Meng Xiang returned, and Xuancheng's food song was called Straight and Consistent. The book also recorded the popular take-out in Beijing at that time? Li fish soup? 、? Baby Zhang Jia Mariko? A kind of food.
Third, a life as exquisite as Song porcelain.
The life of Song people is very particular. From the above, Song people love eating out and ordering takeout, which shows that they have made great progress in food culture. As the saying goes, the economic base determines the superstructure, so what factors have contributed to the increasingly exquisite and luxurious life of the Song people?
1, food culture and the development of catering industry
Eating habits and the progress of cooking technology
In the history of China's diet, the Song Dynasty can be said to be a historic turning point, with the introduction of early-maturing rice varieties and the popularization of re-cultivation technology. Revolutionary changes have taken place in agricultural productivity in the Song Dynasty, and China people's food began to transition from scarcity to abundance. Under the influence of the warm climate of the Tropic of Cancer, Song people used crops to create more abundant food through intensive cultivation technology, and transported it to various places through developed transportation networks. During this period, the eating habits of civilians also changed from two-meal system to three-meal system.
The highest yield per mu of rice fields in the South of the Southern Song Dynasty can reach three times that of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a folk saying:? When Su Hu matures, will the world be enough? . The Song people who got rid of the threat of hunger had a more leisurely mind to study diet, ponder the way of cooking, and satisfy the enjoyment on the tip of the tongue by inventing various delicacies. For example, every household today cannot do without cooking techniques such as cooking, roasting, roasting, frying, frying, stewing and cooking, which matured in the Song Dynasty. For another example, today we often eat ham, Dongpo meat, sashimi (called in the Song Dynasty? Hey? ), fried dough sticks, glutinous rice balls, and all kinds of cakes and gourmet snacks were invented and popular in the Song Dynasty.
The rapid development of hotel industry
In the Song Dynasty, the market square system, which originally restricted commercial freedom, completely collapsed and the market system began to take shape. Historical records? From the street to the alley, there are no empty houses. Every morning, there are hundreds of markets in front of the two streets and alleys. Business is lively? These were not available before the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the economic prosperity of the Song people also played an important role in promoting the development of the hotel industry. Meng Yuanlao, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, described the Song Dynasty at that time. Is the smell around Huihuan recorded in the kitchen? It can be seen that the rich commercial atmosphere at that time greatly promoted the catering culture.
How developed was the hotel industry in Song Dynasty? First of all, luxury hotels with high-end atmosphere abound. A dream in Tokyo once described an upscale hotel, which wrote:? At one end of the door, a mountain shed with beams and patterns is tied, and half a pig and sheep are hung on it. Each store has its own hall and courtyard, with east corridor and west corridor. What's your name? .
It is worth noting that such a hotel can not only attract diners by its appearance and decoration, but also enhance its popularity by its rich dishes and thoughtful service. It can be said that the customer is truly regarded as God, allowing customers to choose. Although everyone's requirements are different, and sometimes there are even some tricky requirements, can the hotel staff do it? Let's spread it. Let's make every call. Nothing wrong? . Hotel staff will be scolded by the boss, or their wages will be deducted, or even fired directly because of poor service. In such an environment, it seems that the life of Song people can't be refined.
2. The rise of consumerism
With the rise of commodity economy, money worship, consumerism and hedonism followed. Although Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism tried to save the abuses by suppressing human nature, the effect was not obvious. The society of Song Dynasty is like the modern world, with materialistic desires and money worship. The development of commerce has made people have more money, and the rich material life has also created greater enjoyment space and opportunities for Song people. More importantly, people at this time are no longer ashamed of business and money. On the contrary, the rise of consumerism has become the spiritual driving force for people to pursue wealth aboveboard.
Song people, who have both consumption ability and like consumption, began to like and pay more and more attention to high-quality goods. For a time, luxury goods prevailed in the streets, and the workmanship and style of products became important indicators when customers chose. Really? A soldier is a soldier's uniform, and a farmer walks on tiptoe? Women also like to wear those precious and exquisite hairpin ornaments, and the decoration on their heads can also show the exquisiteness of Song people in wearing them. On the one hand, the life consumption of Song people mainly depended on market supply, which promoted the prosperity of market economy. On the other hand, the prosperity of silk handicraft industry and urban commerce also provided a guarantee for the exquisite life of Song people.
3. Improve social welfare undertakings:
The life of the Song people is so exquisite that it is inseparable from one thing, that is, a whole set established by the Song government? From cradle to grave? Welfare relief system. In the ancient history of China, the welfare system in the Song Dynasty was the most developed, which really provided for students, students and doctors.
Take education as an example. Education in Song Dynasty was divided into official schools and private schools. Official school, as its name implies, is a school run by the government, with a very high coverage and open to the whole people. At first, the tuition fee was 2000 yuan a year. Later, tuition fees were simply cancelled and became free education, so that children from poor families could go to school. When students go to college, the state will increase education subsidies to help those poor students.
In addition, Song officials also set up a school called? Loudian service? Our organization is responsible for managing those state-owned properties, taking out some houses for public rental (somewhat similar to our current low-rent housing) and solving the housing problems of those poor urban residents. At that time, the monthly rent for each room in Kaifeng, the capital, was only 170. In such a city with high housing prices, such rent prices can be said to be very conscience.
As can be seen from the above description, the happiness index of Song people is high. A wide variety of restaurants have solved the problem of three meals a day for most Song people, and people who have been busy all day don't have to worry about lighting the stove after work. The well-served take-away industry greatly facilitated the life of Song people.
The exquisite life of the people in the Song Dynasty is obvious to all. Mr. Chen Yinque once said: The culture of the Chinese nation, thousands of years of evolution, perfection and the world of Zhao and Song? The developed agriculture and commodity economy in Song Dynasty provided a guarantee for people's happy life, and the meticulous social welfare system also provided a guarantee for this. Golden age? Escort If one day you can really travel through time and space, I think the Song Dynasty will be the most suitable choice for modern people.