What methods does China's traditional exegetics have in explaining the meaning of words?

Exegetics is to explain (annotate) the words (words) of ancient books. There are many forms of annotation, the most important of which is "special book annotation"-that is, the annotation of an ancient book is specially written into a book. In your question, "pass, write, note, grant, explain, explain, remember and pass" (2) not only understands the text, but also explains the "sparseness" of the notes. Annotation is a self-contained theory, and there are also "centralized explanations" to collect opinions from various factions and "supplementary explanations" to supplement others' theories. Common annotation names: the meaning of the annotation is "to spread Gu Yan with today's words", such as Zuo Zhuan, Gong Yang Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan. They are all annotations to the Book of Songs. Annotation is also a way to annotate books, such as Lu Shigu and Shang Shu Xun. The following notes record my understanding and experience of the original text. For example, the annotation of Water Mirror, which we are familiar with, is similar to annotation, which is to blur and simplify the original text. Infer the meaning of a word by distinguishing its pronunciation. For example, the chapters and sentences in Er Ya Yi and Zi Zhu explain the great significance of ancient books. For example, one of Chu Annotations is a cross-book annotation (two books are annotated together), and the other is an annotation collection of the same ancient book. The latter such as "Zhuangzi". Supplementary notes supplement the shortcomings of previous notes. For example. Make some supplements, corrections, textual research and explanations. Personally, I think your question should be summed up as "the academic status and contribution of exegetics" Because the aforementioned "passing the certificate ..." is just a method of exegetical study. So, what is the academic position and contribution of exegetics? To put it simply, exegetics (mainly referring to the exegetical work of predecessors) is to build a bridge between the ancients and the present, and between the ancient prose and the present. Annotating and supplementing ancient books through exegetical work not only makes the inheritance of ancient books barrier-free, but also enriches the connotation of ancient books. Without exegetical work and exegetics, it would be between ancient and modern times. The function of formal training is to explore the original meaning of Chinese characters, but it cannot explain the etymology. Proper use of formal training can explain the meaning of some words more clearly. 2. On the basis of revealing the original meaning of words, formal training can also find out the extended meaning of words, thus clarifying the meaning system of each word. 3. Understand the original meaning and extended meaning of words through the font structure. We can further determine the restrictions and conditions of loanwords. Formal training must be analyzed in combination with phonetics, so its function is limited. 1. Limitations of formal training: First, in the long history, the glyphs of Chinese characters have undergone great changes, and the glyphs have lost their semantic functions, so formal training must rely on the information and research results of ancient Chinese characters. Secondly, in the long-term development of Chinese characters, there are complicated situations between word meaning and word meaning under the guise of words, so when determining the original meaning of words, font analysis can only be used as a reference, not as the only basis. Third, the shape of pictophonetic characters can only reveal its meaning class, but can't indicate its original meaning. 2. Conditions for formal training: First, only the original meaning can directly match the glyph, and the relationship between the near extended meaning and the glyph can only be seen, and the relationship between the far extended meaning and the glyph can only be directly reflected by the word. Third, only the "strokes" can meet the meaning, and most of the "strokes" have deviated from the meaning. Second, sound training is also called "sound training", which is also called seeking meaning by sound. The meaning of a word (word) is explained by words with the same sound or similar sound. The ways of voice training are: 1. Use pictophonetic characters. 2. Use homographs or similar sounds. 3. Use homographs. The function of voice training is: 1. Seek the original word. This word is used to borrow words. The ancients used a sound when using words, instead of writing the original words. Therefore, when exegeting, we should borrow words and ask for words. The way to find words can only start with the sound. With phonetic training, we can discard the false and retain the true, find words and prevent some mistakes in annotation and explanation. 2. Infer the etymology. Etymology is based on the relationship between roots and derivatives. Originated from the same root, so the sound and meaning are similar and the sound is similar. Mainly from cognate words, extensive connection derivation, that is, to determine the origin relationship between cognate derivatives. Connecting cognate words by phonetic training refers to homonyms in words. Secondly, because Chinese cognate words are not always represented by the same homophonic radical, it is necessary for us to break the shackles of glyphs, connect other homographs and determine their etymological meanings. Exploring the source of names and things is a special function of sound training. It is also helpful to explore the law of word meaning extension and sound change. Attention should be paid to voice training: 1. The so-called homophony or homophony means that the ancient sounds are the same or similar; Of course, it is not reliable to use today's pronunciation for voice training. The so-called ancient sound similarity refers to the similar melody. 2. There should be documentary language as evidence. 3. Righteous training, also known as literal meaning, is a method of directly explaining the meaning of a word with a word or a string of words without the help of glyphs and pronunciations. 1. Synonym training: explain the meaning with synonyms. This is a common way of voluntary training, including cooperative training, mutual assistance training and manual training. 2. Antisense training: use the antonym of a word to explain the meaning of the word. The differentiation of word meaning may be an important reason for anti-training. The development of word meaning from one aspect to its opposite is another reason for anti-training. 3. Disambiguation training: Add another explanation to avoid the ambiguity of words and make the meaning clearer. 1, annotation name: (1) Biography: In the Western Han Dynasty, it was different from Biography in explaining the meaning of words. Biography is mainly based on the explanation of historical facts. There is no longer any difference in annotations, comments and biographies of later generations. Biography can be divided into internal biography, external biography, big biography, short biography, collective biography and supplementary biography. Inward biography is an annotation relative to Confucian classics, such as Mao Zhuan. Biography is an annotation that is not compared with Confucian classics, such as Biography of Korean Poetry. Great biography is a compilation of its meanings, such as Supplementary Biography and Supplementary Notes. (2) The original meaning of interpretation is analysis. (3) Annotations: Annotations, called annotations, began in Zheng Xuan in the Han Dynasty. Annotations mean additions and modifications. (4) Annotations: Annotations, called annotations, began in Zheng Xuan in the Han Dynasty. Annotation is the most popular name in exegetics. (5) School: Examining ancient books is called annotation. Also known as Yi Zhu, Zhang Yi, Yi Zan, Justice, Lecture Notes, etc. (7) Sound and meaning: the book that distinguishes sound is called sound, and the book that interprets sound is called meaning. Together, it is called sound and meaning, also called interpretation. (8) Chapter sentence: a form of annotation, which means to distinguish sentences from chapters. Its characteristic is that it is not mainly based on the interpretation of words, but mainly based on the crosstalk of sentence meaning, chapter meaning and article meaning. Annotations and annotations should belong to two categories. The words that explain ancient books are called annotations, which explain both words and predecessors' annotations, and are called "annotations". (2) Other annotation and self-annotation: As far as the authors of exegesis are concerned, there are two types: other annotation and the author's self-annotation. Other annotations originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty and prevailed in the Han Dynasty. Zhang Xuecheng said that self-annotation can be divided into three categories: one is self-explanatory purpose. Then its self-annotation is called this annotation or the original annotation. Self-annotation is also called sub-annotation or supplementary annotation. (3) From the relationship of annotations, there are two kinds of centralized annotations: one is to annotate and annotate the classics, and the other is to collect all kinds of annotations and add your own annotations to think that a book is a book. Supplementary notes can also be divided into two categories: one is to supplement the omission of the original text, and the other is to supplement it. It is called: it is used to explain and discriminate synonyms or synonyms, and the explained words are put behind. 2. Call it: Unlike calling it, the explained words are put in front, and sometimes it is also used to say cross talk. 3. Appearance: Explanatory words are often used to explain adjectives that indicate a certain nature or state. 4. Go ahead, go ahead. Pronunciation such as "read as" and "read as" are often used to explain common words, while "read as" and "read as" are generally used for phonetic notation and sometimes used to break common words. 6.When, as: used to correct typos. 7. Sound: used to express onomatopoeic words. 8. Words: Words used to express explanations are function words. 9. Prose and dialogue: distinguish synonyms. "Hunyan" is a general statement and "analysis" is an analytical statement. "Hunyan" is also called "unified speech", "general speech", "scattered speech" and "scattered speech"; "Analysis" is also called "antithesis" and "antithesis". Relatively speaking, it is called "Duiwen" and irrelevant, it is called "prose". Relatively speaking, "opposing the text" means not speaking relative to each other. "Hunyan" and "Prose" seek common ground through differences. "Word analysis" and "dialogue" are seeking common ground while reserving differences. Mutual words, intertextuality and mutual words are rhetoric, that is, the references before and after the article understand each other and complement each other.