He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.
The Analects of Confucius is a record of words and deeds recorded by the disciples of Confucius, an ancient thinker in China, so the Analects was not written by Confucius, but by his disciples!
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1. Philosophical contribution
Yi is the source of road and China's philosophy.
Hanshu records the origin of the Book of Changes, saying that "people are more sacred and history is more ancient." .
Fuxi's initiation of gossip is the first stage;
Zhou Wenwang's transformation from eight diagrams to sixty-four hexagrams is the second stage;
Confucius' Yi Zhuan is the third stage.
The basic feature of Yi Zhuan is to bypass divination and explain Yi Li.
Some basic categories, propositions, ways of thinking and philosophical thoughts used and expounded in Yi Zhuan,
Such as: "Yin and Yang", "Poverty will change, change will pass, and the general rules will last for a long time", "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The vast terrain, the gentleman's idea of "harmony" with morality, and so on, have discovered the universal laws in the fields of nature, society and thinking, that is, the law of unity of opposites, quantitative change and qualitative change, and negation of negation.
He founded the principles of "a gentleman should be appropriate at the right time", "going too far is not enough", "changing" and "the doctrine of the mean becomes the Tao", which embodies the dialectical thought of universal connection, development and change, and movement process.
From the course of Li's development, we can see the track of his correction and regression.
2. Contribution to education
In the era of Confucius, education and learning were monopolized by the government. The government put forward the banner of "no class for all", recruited disciples to give lectures in a private capacity, and founded the first private school in the history of China.
Six textbooks, Poetry, Book, Rite, Music, Yijing and Chunqiu, have been compiled. The content is divided into four subjects: morality, speech, politics and literature for education.
Based on his rich teaching practice, Confucius put forward a set of educational theories and teaching methods.
The goal of education is to cultivate gentlemen and benevolent people.
The object of education is "teaching without class";
The teaching principle is to teach students in accordance with their aptitude,
The teaching method adopts the heuristic method of "following the classics and inducing", which requires disciples to combine learning with thinking, draw inferences from others, learn from time to time, and learn new things by reviewing old ones;
Attach importance to moral education, take benevolence as the center, and combine wisdom, benevolence and courage;
Advocate teachers to set an example and teachers and students learn from each other; Correct the learning attitude of seeking truth from facts, "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also."
Be conscientious to the teacher.
Disciples are required to learn to become talents and apply what they have learned.
Confucius "never tires of learning and never tires of teaching" all his life, and is honored as "the teacher of all ages".
His educational theory and teaching methods have guided China's traditional education for more than 2,000 years, and today, it is still consistent with the eastern and western and modern educational concepts.
3, literary contribution
Confucius revised poetry and corrected music. China's first literary work, The Book of Songs, was compiled into a book by Confucius.
Jing Yue is lost.
According to the records of the historian Confucius family, there were more than 3,000 poems in ancient times. Confucius deleted their repetition and chose those that can be applied to etiquette and righteousness, thus forming 305 books of songs.
Confucius also explained the theme, function and several chapters of The Book of Songs.
There are many records in The Analects of Confucius, such as: "There are 300 poems. In a word, it is said that thinking is innocent." "If you don't learn poetry, you won't say anything." "You can teach them politics by reciting three hundred poems, but you can't achieve it; Let it surround, but not specifically. Although it is a lot, I still find it very funny. "
Confucius Poetics, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period collected in Shanghai Museum, is a newly discovered document of Confucius poetics.
Confucius' interpretation of The Book of Songs involves literature, politics, ethics, education and other aspects. Some important ideas and concepts have played an important guiding role in the literary creation of later generations and produced extremely extensive and profound influence.
The Book of Songs and On Confucius' Poetry compiled by Confucius are the "living water" of China's literature and literary theory for more than 2,500 years.
Confucius spent most of his life in the educational work of preaching, teaching and solving doubts. He created effective teaching methods; Summarized and advocated a set of correct learning principles; Formed a relatively complete teaching content system; Put forward a series of far-reaching educational thoughts; Set a good example of teachers' morality.
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