What are the traditional Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis?

1. Dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, that is, warming drugs combined with drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, warming meridians and dredging collaterals to dispel cold and remove the evil of stagnation of yin and cold, so as to smooth the meridians, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Take the meaning of "cold is hot" and "blood is warm". Cold is yin evil, which can dredge meridians and stagnate qi and blood, leading to qi and blood stagnation. The cold coagulation here includes two aspects: first, the external cold overwhelms and the yang sinks; First, spleen and kidney yang deficiency, yin and cold endogenous. In the clinical application of the principle of dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, we should distinguish between the method of warming meridians and activating yang and the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Commonly used drugs: warming meridians and activating yang, such as cassia twig, aconite, cinnamon, Evodia rutaecarpa, asarum, processed ginger, etc. Strong yang and strong fire, such as epimedium, Morinda officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, fenugreek, curculigo, etc. Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Carthami Flos, Olibanum, Oletum Trogopterori, Rhizoma Drynariae, Radix Clematidis, Fructus Impatientis, Radix Dipsaci, etc. Examples of prescriptions: Danggui Sini Decoction, Yanghe Decoction, Gui You Decoction and Taohong Siwu Decoction. Indications: Warming meridians and activating yang, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are used to treat venous blood stasis of foreign cold guests. Mainly manifested as local pallor, chills, mild pain, pale or purple tongue, white and wet fur, and thin or tight pulse. It is common in arterial occlusion, stenosis or spastic diseases, which can be mainly the above symptoms in the early stage. The methods of tonifying yang and benefiting fire, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for abdominal distension, loose stool, chills in waist and knees, frequent or adverse urination, impotence, nocturnal emission, and rapid pulse. , common in the late stage of arterial stenosis or occlusive disease. Due to the interaction of internal and external cold, the clinical manifestations are mixed, so we should distinguish between primary and secondary, treat according to syndrome differentiation and combine medication as appropriate. 2. Eliminating dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, that is, dampness-drying or dampness-permeating drugs are combined with blood-activating and blood-removing drugs to eliminate dampness, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Dampness is yin evil, sticky in nature, and easy to block qi movement, resulting in obstruction of veins and blood stasis. Damp evil can be divided into exogenous or endogenous, and the pathological process is different from cold and heat; It is closely related to the transport of spleen and the warmth of kidney. Judging from the characteristics of vascular diseases in limbs, external dampness is mostly caused by heat, so in specific application, it is necessary to distinguish between clearing heat and promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen and warming kidney, promoting diuresis and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Commonly used drugs: clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, such as Poria cocos, Semen Plantaginis, Bamboo Leaves, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Alismatis Rhizoma, etc. Invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis, such as Poria, Coicis Semen, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Semen Phaseoli; Warming kidney and eliminating dampness, such as Alpinia oxyphylla, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum cassia twig, Linderae, Clematis, Papaya, etc. Promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and promoting diuresis, such as motherwort, verbena, Polygonum cuspidatum, Scutellaria barbata, Dioscorea nipponica, Akebia stem, etc. , tend to warm Eupatorium adenophorum, clematis and so on. , Liu and He et al. Examples of prescriptions: Wushen Decoction, Sanmiao Pill, Wuling Powder, Gui Ling Shugan Decoction, etc. Distinguish between adding and subtracting drinks. Indications: The methods of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome, which are mainly manifested as burning skin, edema, wet and rotten sore surface, red tongue, yellow and greasy fur and slippery pulse. In addition to blood stasis syndrome, it is common in acute deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs, acute erysipelas, thrombophlebitis and other diseases. Strengthening the spleen and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for spleen deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, mainly manifested as edema of lower limbs, general weakness, abdominal distension, loose stool, white and greasy tongue coating, and rapid pulse. In the recovery period of venous valve insufficiency and venous thrombosis of lower limbs. Warming kidney and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for kidney deficiency and dampness and blood stasis syndrome. The main manifestations are edema of the affected limb, cold skin, chills all over the body, pale tongue, white or greasy fur and weak pulse. Common diseases are: middle and late stage of diabetic angiopathy, late stage of thromboangiitis obliterans and late stage of venous diseases of lower limbs. Because of the interaction between internal and external dampness, it is heavy and lingering. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary in clinic and be careful in compatibility. The decoction of gathering dampness and reducing fire can become phlegm, which is similar but different. In treatment, expectorants should be selected, such as mustard seed, Pinellia tuber, Rhizoma Typhonii and other warm and cold phlegm. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Fructus Trichosanthis, concha arcae, Ranunculus ternatus, Sargassum, Thallus Laminariae, Raphani Semen, Bulbus Allii Macrostemonae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, which can clear away heat and resolve phlegm, are used together to increase the curative effect. Thirdly, regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis means regulating qi, regulating qi and promoting qi to lead to blood circulation, thus promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The invasion of qi is nothing more than three aspects: qi stagnation, qi deficiency and qi inversion. Most vascular diseases of limbs are qi stagnation and qi deficiency. Qi is handsome for blood, which is the driving force of blood operation, so qi is not smooth, stagnant and astringent, leading to blood stasis, qi deficiency can not promote blood operation, and blood circulation is slow and stagnant. On the contrary, blood is the mother of qi, which depends on blood, and blood stasis leads to qi stagnation. Pathologically, blood is closely related to qi, which determines the importance and universality of regulating qi in vascular diseases. Moreover, because the liver governs the discharge, regulates qi and stores blood, soothing the liver and promoting qi circulation is more important in the treatment of vascular diseases in limbs. To sum up, in clinical application, it is necessary to distinguish the application of two methods: the method of promoting qi and benefiting qi and the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Commonly used drugs: soothing the liver and promoting qi circulation, such as Bupleurum, Toosendan Fructus, Curcuma Rhizome, etc. And bergamot, green tangerine peel, bitter orange, etc. Which ones are warm; There are also Cyperus rotundus, citron and so on. Yiqi, such as Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Pseudostellariae, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. Examples of prescriptions: Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and Buyanghuanwu Decoction. Indications: Soothing the liver and activating qi, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for the syndrome of liver depression, qi stagnation and blood stasis, and all kinds of vascular diseases of limbs can be used as appropriate, especially when the condition changes with emotional stimulation or the patient is depressed. Yiqi Huoxue Huayu is suitable for qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The main phenomenon is that besides blood stasis syndrome, there are also symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, shortness of breath, palpitation, pale tongue, white fur and weak pulse, which are common in arterial stenosis and pulse condition. Fourth, clearing away heat and activating blood and removing blood stasis, that is, cold drugs combined with drugs for activating blood and removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and eliminating evil, so as to achieve the purpose of activating blood and removing blood stasis. It means "hot is cold". "The husband's pulse is also the blood mansion", so the heat evil invades the veins and blood points; What's more, there is heat, which is poison. Heat pathogen burns body fluid and injures yin, while deficiency heat is endogenous. "When blood is heated, it will be boiled into lumps", which will block the meridians and cause blood stasis. Therefore, when applying the method of clearing heat, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, we must first distinguish between deficiency and excess and qi and blood. Thus, three methods of clearing heat and cooling blood, clearing away heat and toxic materials, nourishing yin and clearing heat, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are deduced. Commonly used drugs: clearing heat and cooling blood, such as buffalo horn, red peony root, peony bark, Lithospermum, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae and Folium Isatidis. Clearing away heat and toxic materials, such as Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Herba Violae, Herba Taraxaci, Senecio scandens, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae, etc. Nourishing yin and clearing heat such as Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae, Trichosanthis Radix, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Adenophorae, Cortex Lycii, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Cortex Phellodendri, etc. Drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, such as Cortex Moutan, Radix Arnebiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Curcumae, Rape Flower and Euonymus japonicus; Clearing away heat and detoxifying drugs, such as Sargentodoxa, Polygonum cuspidatum, Patrinia, Buckwheat and Lycopodium. Examples of prescriptions: Wuwei Disinfection Decoction combined with Qingying Decoction; Jiawei Simiao Yong 'an Decoction. Indications: Clearing away heat and cooling blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for blood stasis syndrome, mainly manifested as redness, burning pain, red or purple ecchymosis, crimson tongue and rapid pulse, which are common in acute thrombophlebitis, superficial phlebitis, recurrent erysipelas and erythematous limb pain. Clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are suitable for stagnation of heat toxin, which is mainly manifested as above (except tongue pulse), accompanied by ulcer, thick yellow fur and slippery pulse. It is common in early gangrene or complicated infection of arterial stenosis and occlusive diseases. The method of nourishing yin, clearing heat, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis is suitable for yin deficiency and blood stasis, which is mainly characterized by long course of disease, local fever, aversion to cold and heat, or five upset and hot. Dry throat and mouth, red tongue with little coating, rapid pulse, etc. It is common in the late stage of arterial stenosis and occlusive disease. From the clinical point of view of peripheral vascular diseases, the method of clearing heat and activating blood circulation is often used in combination because it can't distinguish between excess heat and deficiency heat, and there is no obvious boundary between heat pathogen and heat toxin, but it must be used accordingly. Fifth, the method of enriching blood and nourishing yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis refers to the compatibility of drugs for enriching blood and nourishing yin with drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, so as to increase blood, fill veins, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Blood is popular in the pulse, and the pulse is full if there is more blood; Blood deficiency, yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency lead to the collapse of pulse channels, and then congestion. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish blood and nourish yin, increase fluid and pulse, and promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Commonly used drugs: raw and cooked land, donkey-hide gelatin, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Lycium barbarum, longan pulp and other blood-enriching and yin-nourishing drugs. People who promote blood circulation and enrich blood, such as Spatholobus suberectus and Angelica sinensis. Example of prescription: siwutang addition and subtraction. Indications: Blood deficiency and blood stasis are mainly manifested as weakness after a long illness, dizziness, pale complexion, pale lips and claws, palpitation, pale tongue and thready pulse. It is common in the early or late stage of arterial stenosis and occlusive diseases. Six, calming the liver and subduing yang, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, that is, calming the liver and subduing yang drugs combined with promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs, so that yang qi can subdue yang and collaterals can promote blood circulation to achieve the purpose of removing blood stasis. Hyperactivity of liver yang, blood flowing against qi, obstruction of ascending, and obstruction of vein can cause blood stasis. Therefore, it is necessary to calm the liver and suppress yang, and dredge the obstruction of the body, so as to resolve the blood stasis. Commonly used drugs: Uncaria, ochre, raw keel, raw oyster, turtle shell, tribulus terrestris, gastrodia elata, concha Haliotidis, etc. Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Cortex Moutan, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Curcumae, Camptotheca acuminata, etc. Examples of prescriptions: Zhengan Xifeng Decoction. Indications: hyperactivity of yang and blood stasis, mainly manifested as head swelling and pain, dizziness, tinnitus, emotional irritability, weakness of waist and feet, and tight pulse. It is common in Takayasu's arteritis (thoracic and abdominal aorta type) and arteriosclerosis obliterans with cerebral arteriosclerosis.