Diplomatic etiquette of the Tang Dynasty in the history of China?

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, China's diplomatic system developed well, and the "I-oriented" diplomacy in the Tang Dynasty was quite mature. All countries that had diplomatic relations with the Tang Dynasty were brought into their diplomatic system by the Tang Dynasty. Their situation is different, and their relationship with the Tang Dynasty is also different. In the concept of the Tang Dynasty, China lived in the world and China was surrounded by the "four barbarians". However, the concept of "four barbarians" has a long history and was only used in the Tang Dynasty. However, it is precisely because of this concept that the corresponding system design will also be matched.

The first is to set up a "four-way pavilion" to receive foreign envoys. "Sifang Pavilion" is a special place to receive foreign envoys, and it has a set of systems. For example, every time an envoy comes, there will be a special person to receive, visit and record, especially the visit records of the customs and systems of the visiting countries, which will be kept in the history museum of the Tang Dynasty.

Second, set up a special diplomatic department to receive guests equally. In the diplomatic system of the Tang Dynasty, the communication between countries was hierarchical, which was determined by the Tang Dynasty, and the corresponding reception work was also carried out according to the hierarchy, that is, "whoever appeared in front of the four parties changed emperors, distinguished their equal status and took customers as the respect." In the Tang Dynasty, there was a special diplomatic department called Split-Hong Temple, and the guest reservation department under Split-Hong Temple was responsible for entertaining foreign guests. "All the tributes, banquets and receptions are for their duties. Those who appear in front of the chief canal chief will get gifts. "

Third, decide whether to summon and entertain guests according to the value of the "sacrifice". Most countries that had contacts with the Tang Dynasty were vassal countries, and they paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. For the tribute party, the Tang Dynasty called it "offering things", such as famous horses, war elephants and lions. Are concrete "square objects". There were special regulations in the Tang Dynasty, and there were clear procedures and methods for how to receive and dispose of them. If the goods are medicines and food, as soon as they enter the border of the Tang Dynasty, the border counties will be inspected, packaged and sealed, and then handed over to the messengers and reported to the temple. If the inspection of the temple is correct, notify the Shaofu supervisor and the market management department, send special officials to inspect the tribute and determine its value, and then report it to the court, and whether to introduce or entertain it according to the instructions of the court.

Fourth, there are differences in giving. Every emissary who returned to China should be rewarded in the Tang Dynasty, but "giving is different". The reward place is above the imperial court, and the official of the customer reservation department is responsible for guiding the messenger to receive it and teaching the messenger the courtesy of thanking him. There is a difference in giving, that is, according to the value of the tribute, the amount of reward is decided.