Brief introduction of The Journey to the West
The Journey to the West, one of the classical Four Great Classical Novels in China, is the first romance novel written by Wu Cheng'en in China in ancient Ming Dynasty. This article mainly tells the story of the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand protecting the Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures. From the reincarnation of the scriptures to his return home, the Tang Priest turned evil and saved the day. After eighty-one difficulties, he finally reached the Western Heaven and obtained the true scriptures. Based on Tang Sanzang's Buddhist scriptures, folk customs and Yuan Zaju.
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The stone monkey was born and made a scene in heaven.
There is a flower and fruit mountain in Dongsheng Shenzhou, with a stone on the top. By the bright moonlight of the sun, a stone egg was laid, which cracked and gave birth to a stone monkey. After the stone monkey successfully broke into water curtain cave, it was regarded as the "Monkey King" by the monkeys in Huaguoshan.
Stone monkeys seek the world's teachers. They were named the Monkey King under the guidance of Niu, the founder of Bodhi in Hezhou. They learned seventy-two magic numbers, and one somersault cloud is feasible. When he returned, he defeated the devil incarnate, recovered the 72-hole devil, became brothers with the six demons, borrowed weapons from the Dragon Palace, and got Dayu's Poseidon Needle, which was turned into a golden hoop, with different sizes and weighing 13,500 Jin. He went to the underworld again and erased the monkey's name from the book of life and death. The Dragon King and King Qin Guang complained to heaven that the Jade Emperor would send troops to capture them.
Taibai Venus gave an idea to call the Monkey King into heaven, named him Bi Marvin, and supervised the horse in the imperial palace. At first, the Monkey King didn't know the size of his position. Later, when he learned the truth, he went out of the worse gate and returned to Huaguoshan, calling himself "the Great Sage of Qitian".
The Jade Emperor sent Li Tianwang to lead the heavenly troops to capture the Monkey King, and the Monkey King defeated the giant spirit god and Nezha in a row. Taibai Venus came to Guo Hua for the second time, and asked the Monkey King to be the great sage in the sky and manage the flat peach garden. The Monkey King ate flat peaches secretly, stirred the flat peach banquet of the Empress Dowager, stole the elixir of Grandfather Lao Zi, and fled the Heavenly Palace. The Jade Emperor sent Li Tianwang to lead the heavenly soldiers to capture them, but both sides could not hold on. Guanyin Bodhisattva recommended Erlang National Football Team as an assistant. The Monkey King's gambling against Erlang God is a tie. Grandpa Laojun threw the diamond ring out of the worse gate and hit Wukong.
The Monkey King was caught. The Jade Emperor ordered the heavenly soldiers to take knives and chop axes, and the southern fighting star king burned, and the thunder department was struck by lightning, which did not damage Wukong's hair. Wukong ate the old gentleman's elixir and became immortal. Grandpa Laojun put Wukong in the gossip furnace to exercise, which opened on July 49, and the Monkey King hid in Xun Palace. There was no fire, so he was not injured, but he suffered from an ancient eye disease called critical eye disease. Heaven fights. The Jade Emperor ordered you to pass Lingguan and Yi Sheng Zhen Jun to ask the Tathagata to put the Monkey King at the foot of Wuxing Mountain. When he is hungry, give him iron balls to eat. When he is thirsty, he drinks with molten copper juice.
The reason of learning from the scriptures and the origin of mentoring
Tathagata said that the South Station was not greedy for pleasure, killing more and fighting more, and sent Guanyin Bodhisattva to the east to find Buddhist scriptures, and went to the West to persuade all beings with Mahayana Buddhism. In Liushahe, Zhanyundong and Wuxing Mountain, the Bodhisattva incarnates Sha Wujing, Zhu and Sun Wukong respectively, and will be the younger brother of oriental pilgrims in the future, and the White Dragon will be the foot strength of pilgrims.
Emperor Taizong won the top prize in Chen Guangrui, Haizhou, and began his official career. He was beaten by Yin Wenjiao, the daughter of Prime Minister Yin Kaishan, and became a good husband. However, on his way to Jiangzhou, he was killed by thieves Liu Hong and Zhang Biao. Yin Wenjiao gave birth to a son and threw it into the river. He was saved by Faming monk of Jinshan Temple and named Jiang Liuer. He 18 years old was appointed as a priest. The legal name is Xuanzang. After Xuanzang's mother and son met. Revenge on former enemies.
The Dragon King of Jinghe River gambled on divination because of lack of rain and water, and violated the dogma, begging Taizong to save his life. Kevin·Z, the minister of Emperor Taizong, dreamed of beheading King Jinghe, and the soul of Emperor Taizong was forced to testify in the nether world. After its birth, the "Land and Water Conference" was established. Please invite Chen Xuanzang to preside over the ceremony and perform wonderful classics. Avalokitesvara Buddha statue means that Chen Xuanzang went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Emperor Taizong recognized Xuanzang as his royal brother and gave him the name Sanzang.
Tang Sanzang went west, fell into the magic cave when going through customs, and was rescued by Taibai Venus. Remove the Tathagata's imprint on Wuxing Mountain, rescue the Monkey King, and play the trumpet for him. When the Monkey King killed the robber who robbed the scriptures, the Tang Priest scolded someone, and the Monkey King left in a rage. Guanyin turned into an old mother, gave it to the Tang Priest with a golden flower hat and a spell, and coaxed Wukong into wearing the golden flower hat and embedding the golden hoop in the meat. When the Tang Priest recited a spell, Wukong had a terrible headache, which was the way Tang Priest used to bind Wukong.
The master and the apprentice went west and collected the white dragon in Yingbeixi, and the white dragon became the mount of Tang Priest. In Kannonji, because Wukong showed off his robes, the elder Jinchi was greedy and wanted to burn the Tang Priest and his disciples, but Wukong managed to burn the temple. In the chaos, the cassock was stolen by the black wind monster. The Monkey King came to the South China Sea and invited Guanyin to personally replace the elixir. Lure the black wind monster to swallow it and subdue it.
They went west and came to Gaolaozhuang, where the owner's daughter was taken away by a monster with a long mouth and big ears. Wukong chased the monster to Zhan Yundong, and learned that the monster was Marshal Tian Peng, because he molested the fairy of the Nishang Feather clan (a member of Chang 'e, the "Chang 'e" in The Journey to the West is the name of all fairies in Yuefu. It is not the folklore that Heng E, the wife of Hou Yi, was demoted to the lower bound and mistakenly cast a pig fetus. After being accepted by Guanyin, he was given the name Pig Bajie to be enlightened, and waited for Buddhist scriptures here, which led him to get to know Tang Priest and became his second apprentice. Later, Tang Priest taught Wu Chao Zen Master the Maha Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra in Futu Mountain. In Huang Fengling, when the strange wind blows, it is charming. The Monkey King asked Ji Ling, the Bodhisattva of Mount Sumi, to surrender to this monster. In Liushahe, they conquered the water monster named Sha Wujing by Guanyin, and made him wait for Buddhist scriptures in the East, named Friar Sand, and became the third disciple of Tang Priest. Four men and women waded through mountains and rivers and traveled west to learn from the scriptures.
Frustration again and again, drop the devil and drop the devil
Guanyin Bodhisattva wanted to test the minds of Tang Priest and his disciples, and turned them and Lishan's mother Pu Xian and Manjusri into beautiful women and married them. The Tang Priest and other three people were unmoved, but Bajie was infatuated with women and was hung from a tree by a bodhisattva. In Wuzhuangguan, Wanshou Mountain, Wukong and others stole the ginseng fruit, knocked down the fairy tree, fled overnight and were captured by Zhenyuanzi. Wukong invited Guanyin to save the fairy tree with nectar. Bai changed three times, trying to get Tang's disgust, but Wukong found out and killed the monster. Pig took the opportunity to gossip, but Tang Priest didn't tell the truth, so he drove Wukong away and was caught by Huang Paoguai. Princess Baihua, who was brought into the cave by Huang Paoguai, released Tang Priest and sent him to Baoxiang County to deliver a letter to Tang Priest's father and come to rescue him. Friar Sand in Bajie couldn't fight Huang Paoguai, but Friar Sand was caught and Tang Priest was turned into a tiger. Bajie wanted to go back to Gaolaozhuang, but Bai tried to persuade him. Please go back to the Monkey King when you get to Huaguoshan, and you four will continue to advance westward.
King Jinjiao and King Yinjiao of the Lotus Cave in Pingdingshan wanted to take the Tang Priest. They had purple-gold-red gourd, suet jade bottle, seven-star sword, banana fan and five treasures of golden rope, which were miraculous. Wukong fought with him. After many hardships, I conquered these two monsters. King Wuji was pushed into the well by the lion spirit and drowned because he didn't respect Manjusri Bodhisattva. The lion spirit changed the king. The ghost of the king asked the Tang Priest for help, and Bajie carried the body out of the well. Wukong got the elixir from the master and saved the king. Lion essence was originally transformed by the green-haired lion mounted by Manjusri Bodhisattva.
Hong Haier, the son of the cow, hid in the cave of fire clouds and wanted to eat the meat of the Tang priest. Wukong is afraid of smoke because of his fierce eyes, but he can't compare with Hong Haier's samadhi. Please come to the bodhisattva to subdue the demon. Bodhisattva surrendered Hon Hai 'er and made him a Fuwa. The Dragon King of Heishui River became a ferryman. Lure the Tang Priest and Pig Bajie into the boat and sink into the Shuifu. The Monkey King invited Prince Moang, the dragon king of the West Sea, to catch the dragon and return to the West Sea. Che Chiguo, Hu Li, Lu Li and Yang Li, three great immortals, made contributions to the disaster relief and became famous Buddhist teachers. The king respects Taoism and destroys monks. Wukong and others fought against San exorcist and defeated them one by one, revealing their true colors.
In the lotus pond in front of Guanyin, goldfish are refined and eat boys and girls in Tongtian River. Wukong and Bajie became boys and beat off the monster. The devil froze the Tongtian River, lured the Tang Priest to walk on the ice, swallowed the water house, and the Bodhisattva came. Bring goldfish back to the South China Sea. Your Majesty's Qing Niu Shan stole the king's diamond bracelet while the guard boy dozed off, making trouble in the lower bound and arresting Tang Priest in Jindou Cave. Wujin's stick was taken away, but he couldn't be beaten. He invited Huo Dezhen, Li Tianwang, Tian Bing Heavenly Commander, Deng Xintianjun, Shui Bo and the Eighteen Arhats, all of which are unparalleled. The monster took away the weapon with a diamond bracelet, and later found the old gentleman in Taishang to take down the green cow.
The four of them continued to walk west. Tang Priest and Bajie drank the mother river to get pregnant, and Wukong drank the spring water to have an abortion, which relieved their fetal gas. Xiliang wanted to recruit Tang Priest as a husband, Wukong and others insisted on going west, but Tang Priest was taken away by the banshee who turned into a scorpion in Pipa Cave. Wukong invited the Pleiadian official, and the Pleiadian official turned into a double-crowned rooster, which made the monster show his true colors and died in front of the slope.
Liu Er's macaque took the opportunity to change into the Monkey King's appearance, snatched the luggage and customs, and replaced the little demon with Tang Priest, Bajie and Friar Sand, hoping to cheat the scriptures in the Western Heaven. True or false, Wukong was killed from the sky to the ground. Bodhisattva, the gods in the sky, can't tell the truth from the truth. It was not until the Tathagata of Leiyin Temple that the Buddha revealed his true colors, and the monkey was killed by Wukong in 1962.
The four masters and apprentices made up. Qi Xin joined forces to go to the Western Heaven. In the Flame Mountain, I want an iron fan, a princess and a banana fan to put out the flame. Princess Tiefan was angry with the Monkey King for sending her child Hong Haier to Lingshan to be a boy, and refused to borrow it. Wukong, Princess Tiefan, and Niu Wangmo fought wits and wits, used the divine power of heavenly soldiers to subdue the two monsters and put out the fire. The four of them were able to continue westward.
Later, the four masters and apprentices successively removed Wang Wansheng, Jiutouxu, Huangmeiguai, Snake and Snake Essence, Spider Essence, Scolopendra Essence, Lion King with Green Hair, Elephant King with Yellow Teeth, and Dapeng Carving with Golden Wings.
The abbot of Bailuyuan, the king of the kingdom of monks, was puzzled and wanted to take medicine from the hearts of110 children. Wukong saves babies and defeats evil spirits. The birthday boy came to retrieve the white deer.
Trapped in a bottomless pit, the rat spirit changes again, and the woman takes the Tang priest captive and forces her to get married. The Monkey King visited and learned that the mousetrap was Li Tianwang's daughter, and went to heaven to complain. Li Tianwang returned to heaven with a mousetrap to punish Cao Cao. The king vowed to kill 10,000 monks. The Monkey King shaved off the hair of the country's empresses and ministers of civil and military affairs by magic, which made the king change his mind and turned France into a country that worships monks. The leopard in Yin Wu Mountain longed to eat the Tang Priest's meat, but Wukong was sleepy, and Bajie killed the monster with a rake.
Four men and women went to Tianzhu country, and the county Hou posted a list for rain. Wukong visited the reason and advised the county to be kind, and the rain fell from the sky. Mentor and apprentice came to Yuhua County, where they were robbed of their weapons by Huang Shijing because they taught the prince to learn. Wukong and other three men regained their weapons, and the yellow lion went to Zuweng Jiuling and Sheng Yuan, that is, Taiyi saved the suffering Buddha and sat down to transform the nine lions. Wukong went to Miao Yan Palace, Changle, East Pole, Qinghua, and invited Taiyi to help the Buddha in distress and subdue the sage of Jiu Lingyuan.
When he came to Jinping House, Tang Priest watched supper and was taken away by three rhinos in Xuan Ying Cave. They were keeping out the cold, preventing heatstroke and resisting dust. Wukong invited four wooden birds and stars, caught three monsters and beheaded them.
In Tianzhu country, the Tang Priest was thrown colored balls at the Moon Palace Jade Rabbit by a fake princess, hoping to recruit a husband. Wukong saw through the truth, joined forces with Taiyin Xingjun, captured the Jade Rabbit, and rescued the real princess who was living outside the city.
After Kou's family went home for dinner in Diling County, Tongtai Prefecture, Kou's family was robbed and killed. Tang priest and his disciples were arrested and imprisoned as robbers, and Wukong went to the underworld to bring back the souls of foreigners, and the case came to light.
Reach Lingshan and get the true scriptures.
After going through all kinds of hardships, the four men finally came to visit the Buddha in Lingshan Holy Land, but because they didn't send personnel to Ananda and Gaya, they only got wordless scriptures. Elder White Bear sent by the ancient lantern Buddha reminded the Tang Priest and his disciples to return to the temple and was given a purple gold bowl by the Tang King. Only 35 classics and 5,048 volumes were returned to the East. I don't want to be full of eighty-one difficulties. I was thrown into the river by four old catfish in Tongtian River, and the scroll was wet.
Tang Sanzang sent Buddhist scriptures back to Chang 'an and Lingshan. Sanzang was named Buddha, Wukong was named conquering Buddha, Bajie was named altar messenger, Friar Sand was named golden arhat and white dragon, and the five saints came true and enjoyed bliss.
Extended reading:
Creation background
Xuanzang's Journey to the West In 627, a 25-year-old monk Xuanzang Tianzhu (India) was hiking. After starting from Chang 'an, he passed through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years and gave a speech at a large-scale debate on Buddhist classics, which was well received. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, which was a sensation. Later, Xuanzang dictated his The Journey to the West, which was compiled by his disciples into a 12-volume Record of the Western Regions of Datang. But this book is mainly about the history, geography and transportation of countries seen on the road, and there is no story.
As for "Datang The biography of Master Sanzang" written by his disciples Huihe and Yan Cong, it adds a lot of myths to Xuanzang's experience. Since then, the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures has been widely circulated among the people in China.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were poems inscribed by Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty, and in the Jin Dynasty, there were Tang Sanzang and Pan. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Wu Changling's Tang Sanzang's "Learning from the Western Heaven" and Wu Ming's "Monkey King". All these laid the foundation for the creation of Journey to the West. It is on the basis of Chinese folk literature, scripts and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed The Journey to the West's creation through hard re-creation.
character introduction
leading part
The Monkey King (heart ape)
The Monkey King, also known as the Monkey King and Wukong, was honored as the Monkey King by all demons in Huaguoshan, and was named "Monkey King" by the Jade Emperor.
There is a fairy stone on the top of Guo Hua Mountain in the Monkey King. Because of long-term absorption of innocent beauty and the essence of the sun and the moon, one day a stone monkey jumped out of it. He discovered water curtain cave in Guo Hua and was honored as king by all monkeys, hence the name "Monkey King". He was accepted as a disciple by Bodhi, learned high-strength skills, and rushed to the Dragon Palace in the East China Sea to snatch the "Ruyi Golden Hoop" as a weapon. After holding a golden hoop, he claimed to be "the Great Sage of the Monkey", made a scene in the Heavenly Palace and beat 100,000 heavenly soldiers out of the water. The Jade Emperor invited the Tathagata Buddha to rescue him, and the Tathagata cast a spell to put Wukong at the foot of Wuxing Mountain. Five hundred years later, Guanyin Bodhisattva took Wukong to the Buddha, and asked Tang Sanzang, a monk of the Tang Dynasty who went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, to rescue him. Wukong has since become a great disciple of Tang Priest. Along the way, he and his younger brothers, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand, took care of the master and conquered all kinds of monsters, such as Bai, Spider Essence, and Niu, and defeated the eighty-one difficulty. Finally, he succeeded in getting the true sutra and making it a positive result. He himself was named "Fighting Buddha" by the Tathagata.
Tang Seng
Tang Priest, the common surname is Chen, posthumous title Jiang Liuer, and Tang Taizong gave his surname to Tang. Reincarnated as the second disciple of Buddha, Jin Chan. He is a posthumous child. Because of his parents' tragic and bizarre experiences, he grew up in a temple after becoming a monk, became a monk in Jinshan Temple, and finally moved to a famous temple in Beijing to practice. Tang Priest is studious and highly savvy, and stands out among the monks in the temple. Finally, he was selected by Emperor Taizong, became sworn with him and went to the Western Heaven to learn from the scriptures.
On the way to fetch the scriptures, the Tang Priest accepted three disciples, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand, and named them Wukong (the founder of Bodhi, Tang Priest's nickname), Wuneng and Wukong. After that, with the help of three disciples and Bai, he finally retrieved 35 scriptures from the Buddhist Temple in the West. Merit is complete, promotion and wealth are the positive results, and an ancient sandalwood merit was named Buddha.
The Tang Priest is merciful and dedicated to the Buddha. He is honest and kind, but he is also timid.
Zhu Bajie (Jiang Mumu)
Zhu Bajie, the messenger of Jing Ke, is also known as Zhu Zhu Gang and Zhu Wuneng. Formerly the "Marshal Tian Peng" of the Heavenly Palace, he was in charge of the Tianhe Water Army. Because I was drunk at the flat peach banquet in Yaochi, the Queen Mother, I broke into Guanghan Palace in an attempt to flirt with the Nishang Fairy. Nishang refused to accept it again and again, hiding in Tibet and being depressed. He was summoned by the Lingguan to play the jade emperor, which angered the jade emperor and was banished to the world. However, I cast a pig fetus by mistake, turned into a wild boar, refined into a pig-faced man, with memories before reincarnation and weapons given by the Jade Emperor. Gao Cuilan, a young lady from Gaojiasan, was captured in Gaolaozhuang and later surrendered by the Monkey King, who followed Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures in the West. In the end, it came naturally, and the title was "net altar messenger". He is lazy, simple and honest, timid, greedy and cheap, lustful, but full of comedy, and sometimes makes achievements.
Pig Bajie's weapon is a nine-toothed rake, whose full name is Shang Baoqin Gold Palladium. Pig Bajie can only make thirty-six plows.
Sand monk (sand monk)
Golden Lohan Sha Wujing is also known as Sha Wujing and Friar Sand. Originally a confined general in the Heavenly Palace, he broke the glass lamp at the flat peach party, angered the Jade Emperor, was banished to the world, was turned into a monster by the Liusha River, and suffered the pain of thousands of arrows piercing the heart. Later, he was surrendered by Tang Priest and his disciples, and was mainly responsible for leading horses all the way. After it was completed, it was named "Golden Lohan". Honest and hardworking.
White (Yulong)
White Dragon Horse
Also known as Yulong (Little Dragon King). Originally the son of Aorun, the dragon king of the West Sea, he was sued by his father for disobedience because he set fire to the pearl in the temple. He was sent by the jade emperor to hit 300 times and hung in mid-air waiting for treatment. Guanyin Bodhisattva met a monk on the way to the eastern soil to find him, and begged the Jade Emperor to save Yulong as a Buddhist monk's footstep. Therefore, Bai also atoned by wearing sin. Compared with Friar Sand, he should be sinful. "arson" is a deliberate act, which is different from "disappearance" in subjective will. "Pearl" is a rare treasure, and "glass lamp" is just an ordinary vessel, and the degree of loss is completely different. It is Yulong who doesn't know how to cherish precious treasures, so it is necessary for him to become an ordinary "white horse" that anyone can ride in this life from the admirable "Yulong" in previous lives. Compared with the transformation of the other three senior brothers from god to demon and then to man, Yulong went directly from god to beast, walked on all fours on the way to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, and was often beaten by others before he understood the meaning of "treasure".