Lu Nanshan (1904 ~ 1988) was born in Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province. Five generations of famous doctors, studied medicine from his father Lu, hanged himself at the age of 22, specializing in ophthalmology. 1956 was elected as the representative of the 10th National Member of Chinese Medical Association. He used to be the director of ophthalmology in Shanghai Renji Hospital, the professor of ophthalmology in Shanghai Second Medical College, the director of the teaching and research section of traditional Chinese medicine in the Second Medical Department, and the director of the Chinese Medicine Association of the Chinese Medical Association.
Chinese name: Lu Nanshan.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of Birth: Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province
Date of birth: 1904
Date of death: 1988
Occupation: doctor
Masterpiece: Clinical Records of Ophthalmology
Character background
/kloc-when I was 0/7 years old, my father accompanied me and I wanted to pass on my family history. I came to Shanghai in 15 (1926). After his first visit to Hongkou and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he moved to Harbin Building, Nanjing Road, and then moved to Hongrenli, famous for treating eye diseases. Lu knows that "medicine is benevolence". In case of critically ill patients, he often stays at home and observes at any time. If there is no room at home, leave the patient's home address and see the doctor in person. For poor patients, not only do they not receive medical expenses, but they also send medicines and meals. Lu has been practicing medicine for more than 60 years, and countless people have been cured by him, and he has the reputation of "making a fool of himself".
Throughout his life, Lu followed the old adage that "knowledge is insufficient, industry is diligent", read widely, record his income, and never stop writing; Prepare eye drops and develop them by hand; 80-year-old still insists on outpatient service. Author of clinical ophthalmology records. It systematically sorts out the dialectical treatment methods of 3/kloc-0 diseases and inputs them into the computer for teaching. Encyclopedia of Medicine, Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine all contain decades of clinical experience. Besides reading classical works, Lu also likes classical literature and Chinese painting.
Lu devoted himself to studying China's ancient ophthalmology theory for five rounds, and combined with years of clinical experience, put forward new theories such as "liver and kidney theory", "spleen and stomach theory" and "invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis", which were unique. Take the lead in applying the method of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine to ophthalmology clinic, carry out biochemical tests, use ophthalmic instruments to check fundus lesions, enrich the diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine, and combine the theory of traditional Chinese medicine ophthalmology with modern medicine. The diagnosis and treatment of keratitis, uveitis, chronic simple glaucoma, fundus hemorrhage, retinitis, ophthalmoplegia and other diseases have been deeply studied, and breakthroughs have been made. He has published more than 20 papers, such as Treatment of Central Retinitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Combination of Disease Differentiation and Syndrome Differentiation of Central Retinitis. He is the author of Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and the editor-in-chief of Practical Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is highly valued by the ophthalmology community. Lu engaged in medical teaching and taught students seriously, and many students became rising stars in the field of ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine. Six of them are engaged in Chinese and western ophthalmology.
Lu used to be a professor at Shanghai Second Medical College, director of the teaching and research group of the Second Medical College, honorary chairman of the National Ophthalmology Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine and director of the Chinese Medical Association.
Role play
He has published more than 20 papers, such as Treatment of Central Retinitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Combination of Disease Differentiation and Syndrome Differentiation of Central Retinitis. He is the author of Clinical Journal of Ophthalmology and the editor-in-chief of Practical Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is highly valued by the ophthalmology community. Lu engaged in medical teaching and taught students seriously, and many students became rising stars in the field of ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine. Six of them are engaged in Chinese and western ophthalmology.
Lu has been engaged in ophthalmology for 60 years, advocating the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, emphasizing the holistic view in syndrome differentiation of eye diseases, being good at cutting ancient prescriptions and expanding the application scope of ancient prescriptions, and having unique views and rich medical experience on eye diseases.
Diagnosis is based on examination.
Eye observation of diseases must be combined with four diagnoses, but Lu has his unique views.
Lu stressed that consultation is the first of the "four consultations". Therefore, the outpatient clinic must ask the patient all kinds of situations in detail. I also composed a song of ten questions about ophthalmology, which is recorded as follows: one question about eyesight, two questions about tears, three questions about shame, four questions about pain, five questions about pain, six questions about pain, all seven heads and eight bodies should be distinguished, nine questions about old diseases, ten questions about causes, and the difference between yin and obedience.
Lu believes that visiting is particularly important for ophthalmology. It can be divided into two aspects: one is general observation with naked eyes, and the other is instrument inspection. He attaches great importance to eye examination, and thinks that every ophthalmologist must master modern eye examination methods, and should personally examine his patients in order to make clear the lesions and make accurate judgments. When he checks, he usually starts from two aspects. First, according to the viewpoint of modern medicine, make clear the nature, cause and severity of the disease.
Legislation should adhere to the pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and no classification.
Lu believes that the treatment of ophthalmic diseases should also be "based on the principle of treating diseases", requiring "examining its etiology and treating it according to syndrome differentiation". However, there must be "syndrome" and "disease", and prescriptions must be prescribed according to them. But you should never "sit in the right position". The treatment of Lu must explore the mechanism and formulate diagnostic legislation according to the pathological process of disease development and the patient's specific condition, viscera, qi and blood, phlegm and dampness. For example, keratitis is a disease with complex classification, which is extremely difficult to master, but Lu seized the clue that keratitis is caused by external evils, treated it according to syndrome differentiation, and divided the disease into three stages, with simplicity controlling complexity. Another example is "ciliary inflammation" intraocular bleeding, which is characterized by young men getting angry. It is believed that the pathogenic factors of this disease are related to fire, and no matter how complicated the clinical symptoms are, the treatment only needs to start with nourishing yin and clearing fire. Specially formulated "Jiawei Ejiao Decoction" as the special prescription of this disease, and take it as the basis of addition and subtraction in each stage of the disease.
Know how to spread change before it happens.
Lu Chang often said: "It is particularly important for ophthalmologists to work before illness." He believes that "preventing diseases" has two meanings: one is to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and the other is to prevent complications or complications. The occurrence of most critical eye diseases has a gradual development process from light to heavy. It is of positive significance for doctors to take measures in advance if they are observant.
Lu pointed out that for fundus hemorrhage, although the method of clearing heat and stopping bleeding is adopted in principle, it is necessary to master the discretion: clearing heat should not be too cold; Stop bleeding without suppressing qi. Excessive cold, qi stagnation is easy to cause blood stasis. Teacher Lu's prescription has a satisfactory effect. Nevertheless, Lu advocates prevention first. For the treatment of optic neuritis, meningitis in children and chronic simple glaucoma, regardless of optic atrophy or not, Lu's prescriptions are usually supplemented with some drugs to treat optic atrophy. Generally speaking, treating the primary disease is to prevent complications, but he believes that the relationship between the primary disease and complications is interactive, and treating complications is also conducive to promoting the recovery of the primary disease. Moreover, many complications have no obvious symptoms, and some are very serious once they are found, so it is really experience to use drugs early.
Experience of syndrome differentiation and treatment
Lu's treatment of various endophthalmitis is unique, mainly because he has a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of each disease and the treatment is targeted.
Lu believes that the pathogenic factors of intraocular diseases are mostly caused by the dysfunction of five internal organs, which can be caused by one organ alone or by several organs with the same disease, of which spleen and kidney are the most important. This is because the spleen and stomach are acquired and the kidney is congenital.
Lu's commonly used principles of regulating spleen are: invigorating spleen and benefiting qi, invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness, invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm, invigorating spleen and promoting fluid production, nourishing spleen and nourishing blood, calming liver, invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney, and invigorating spleen and dispersing fire. These principles come from internal medicine, especially the theory of Dongyuan. When using them, we should not completely copy the theory of internal medicine. We can't think that strengthening the spleen means "stimulating appetite" or "strengthening the spleen". The word "dynamic" should be emphasized in the "spleen strengthening" of ophthalmology, which is to promote the transport function of spleen. This is what the so-called "strengthening the spleen means transporting the spleen" means. Spleen-invigorating drugs, 6 grams of Atractylodes macrocephala, 6 grams of Atractylodes macrocephala, and 0/2 grams of Poria/kloc-are used together. Small dose, intended to exercise temper. If the dosage is too large, it will have the disadvantage of gas stagnation. If the patient is really weak in temper, he can add kidney-qi, but Lu must add one or two herbs to Bupleurum, Cimicifuga, Vitex negundo and Pueraria lobata, and the second is to lift and sink it to make the temper rise to the eye. In order to strengthen the effect of promoting qi circulation, a little angelica and Ligusticum chuanxiong are often added. For diseases with local tissue edema such as glaucoma, drugs such as Alisma orientalis, Polyporus and Broussonetia papyrifera are added. Drugs such as dried tangerine peel and cassia twig are often used to promote water-liquid circulation. For Kp and retinal exudate, a little expectorant can be added. For advanced diseases, due to long-term illness into the kidney, the direction of conditioning mainly shifts to the kidney.
In addition to the experience of external eye barrier, Neijing said: "Those with dark eyes are used for yin, and those with white eyes and red pulse are used for yang". Lu believes that red eye is common in the early stage of extraocular cataract, so it is mostly caused by fire. In fact, other external eye diseases, such as acute conjunctivitis, chronic conjunctivitis, sty, scleritis, etc., all belong to the category of conjunctival congestion. Because this disease is attacked by fire evil, the treatment is not inseparable from cold and heat, but there are many ways to clear the disease. With reference to Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Treatise on Febrile Diseases, we should carefully analyze the advance and retreat of the disease, formulate a careful treatment plan, and truly achieve the effect of the right medicine. Lu believes that the general fire evil attacks the eyes with wind evil, which may be caused by the upper orifices and internal disturbances of the eyes. In the late stage of illness, yin deficiency may occur due to the dissipation of yin fluid by pathogenic heat, and qi deficiency may occur in those who are harmful to qi and blood.