1054 July 4: A supernova explosion occurred in the Crab Nebula. The appearance of the guest star was recorded in detail by astronomers in the Song Dynasty in China. Volume 176 records: "It was May of the first year of Hehe, and the guest star was several inches southeast of Tiangong (not March of the first year of Jiayou)." There are also observation records in Japan and Native Americans.
Songji also recorded the explosion of a superstar. By 192 1, astronomers estimated that the superstar was over 1000 years old. Tan Youheng said: "Our ancestors discovered the crab nebula supernova, and now that mouth is still open, releasing cosmic rays."
The Big Bang of the Song Dynasty is also a big bang clearly recorded in historical materials after the Big Bang recorded in the history of the later Han Dynasty.
Extended data
Supernova explosion is a violent explosion experienced by some stars at the end of their evolution. This kind of explosion is extremely bright, and the sudden electromagnetic radiation in the process can often illuminate the whole galaxy where it is located, and it can last for weeks to months before it gradually decays and becomes invisible.
During this period, the energy radiated by a supernova can be comparable to the total energy radiated by the sun in a lifetime. When a star explodes, it will scatter most or almost all of the matter at a speed as high as one tenth of the speed of light, and radiate shock waves to the surrounding interstellar matter.
This shock wave will lead to the formation of shell-like structures of expanding gas and dust, which are called supernova remnants. Supernovae are potentially powerful sources of gravitational waves in galaxies. Most primary cosmic rays come from supernovae.
Supernovae can be triggered in two ways: a degenerate star that suddenly rekindles the fire of nuclear fusion, or a gravitational collapse of the core of a massive star.
In the first case, a degenerate white dwarf can accumulate enough mass from its companion star through accretion, accretion or merger, raise the core temperature, ignite carbon fusion, trigger uncontrolled nuclear fusion and completely destroy the star.
In the second case, the core of a massive star may suffer a sudden gravitational collapse, releasing gravitational potential energy and producing a supernova explosion.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-superstar outbreak