What are the descriptions of Henan geography in ancient books?

Henan Province is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains in the east-central part of the motherland. Because most of the area is south of the Yellow River, it is called "Henan" for short, also known as "Central Plains" and "Zhongzhou". With its unique geographical and natural conditions, its special strategic position, rich agricultural and sideline products resources, various minerals, extensive land transportation, splendid history and culture and rapid economic development, Henan has become one of the important provinces in China. Henan is a province rich in tourism resources, which is famous for its rich ancient cultural tourism resources. For domestic and foreign tourists, especially those who are fascinated by exploring the origin of oriental culture and Chinese civilization, Henan is like a huge natural history museum, a textbook of China history and culture that can be seen, touched and touched. The oriental culture contained here is rich and profound, and its style is precious and unique. Henan plays a very important role in the formation and development history of China's national culture and even the oriental culture. A large number of historical records and years of archaeological excavations prove that our ancestors started human civilization here at least 8,000 years ago, from the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China in the 2nd1century BC, to the Jin Dynasty in the 3rd century A.D./Kloc-0. During these 3,500 years, more than 200 emperors of more than 20 dynasties built or moved their capitals here, leaving countless places of interest. There are 96 state-level cultural relics protection units that can be called "national treasures", and the underground cultural relics rank first in the country, with a collection of 6.5438+0.3 million cultural relics, accounting for about one-eighth of the country. Among the seven ancient capitals of China, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Anyang are all in Henan, and there are also national historical and cultural cities such as Zhengzhou, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Xunxian. Zhengzhou Xinzheng Huangdi's hometown, Dengfeng Shaolin Temple, Gongyi Song Ling, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, Baima Temple, Yanshi Xuanzang's hometown, Kaifeng Songduyu Street, Baogong Temple, Anyang Yinxu, Youlicheng (the birthplace of Zhouyi), Sanmenxia Guoguo Cemetery Chemakeng, Hanguguan, Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Zhang Heng's Tomb and Yisheng. The provincial capitals Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng and other ancient capitals now have new scenic spots. Henan Museum was completed and opened in May, 1998. It is not only rich in collections, but also magnificent and unique in architecture. Many precious cultural relics and treasures are displayed to tourists here. The surrounding environment of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, which has entered the ranks of world cultural heritage, has also been greatly improved. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a three-dimensional representation of the famous painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Song Dynasty. Visitors can see the bustling markets, customs and customs in the Millennium ancient capital. Henan is an important birthplace of China's surname. Among the hundreds of surnames in China, at least one hundred surnames originated in Henan. Among them, the four overseas surnames, including "Chen Lin spent a long time filling the streets", all originated in Henan. In recent years, with the rise of root-seeking tourism, an endless stream of overseas friends came to Henan to seek roots and worship their ancestors. Henan is also the hometown of Kung Fu in China, Shaolin Temple in Songshan is the birthplace of profound Shaolin Wushu, and Chenjiagou in wen county is the hometown of Chen Tai Ji Chuan, the root of Tai Ji Chuan in China. Therefore, we say that exploring the source of culture and looking for the source of surnames has become a "bright spot" in Henan tourism activities in recent years. Henan is not only rich in cultural tourism resources, but also has a unique natural landscape. The Yellow River flows through Henan for more than 700 kilometers. From the middle reaches to the lower reaches, there are not only the blue waves of Sanmenxia Reservoir, but also the magnificent Yellow River tourist area in Zhengzhou and the "hanging river" spectacle in Kaifeng, with an altitude of14m. Xiaolangdi Water Control Project of the Yellow River has become the largest water surface in the north of the Yangtze River, with a width of 3 kilometers and a length of 1.32 kilometers, showing the magnificent landscape of Pinghu in Gaoxia. In recent years, "Great Yellow River Tour" and "Yellow River Drifting" have been praised by tourists as "full of wild interest and epic glory". Songshan Mountain in Zhengzhou, Longmen Mountain in Luoyang, Jigong Mountain in Xinyang, Yuntai Mountain in Jiaozuo, Wuwang in Jiyuan, Shiren in Lushan and Lvlin in Linzhou are all national scenic spots. In addition, Baligou in Xinxiang, Baiyun Mountain in Song County and Qinglong Gorge in Jiaozuo have been opened and launched in recent years, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. In the past twenty years, the tourism industry in Henan Province has made great progress. In 2002, Henan received more than 400,000 inbound tourists, and the tourism income was 654.38 billion US dollars+460 million yuan. The number of domestic tourists is more than 63 million, and the domestic tourism income is 40910.30 billion yuan. At present, there are 12 excellent tourist cities in China, such as Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Puyang, Jiyuan and Dengfeng, and 2 1 0 national AAAA scenic spots, such as Shaolin Temple, Guanlin Temple, Baima Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Riverside Garden on Qingming Festival and Baogong Temple. There are 338 star-rated hotels and tourist hotels in the province. There are 3 five-star hotels, 4-star hotels 15 and 3-star hotels 1 13. He 'nan is an important transportation hub in China. Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang have more than 800 flights to and from major cities in China every week, including Hongkong, Macau and Taibei. Zhengzhou Xinzheng Airport is a first-class inland airport, with a flight zone grade of 4E, and has been approved as an international airport. Highway traffic in Henan extends in all directions. The expressway network closely connects Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, with Luoyang, the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties, Kaifeng, seven dynasties, Anyang, the ancient capital of the Four Dynasties, and Xuchang, the ancient capital of Cao Wei, forming a cross-shaped expressway structure centered on Zhengzhou. The driving time from Zhengzhou to the above cities is mostly between 50~ 100 minutes. The railway transportation network with Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Shangqiu as hubs connects the four major railway trunk lines of Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai, Liu Jiao and Beijing-Kowloon. Zhengzhou Railway Station has 2 18 passenger trains to all parts of the country every day.