The enlightenment and outstanding people in Jiading gave birth to a batch of cultural celebrities. They read poems and wrote books, went out of the countryside, served the country, and were recorded in historical records. According to Jiading County records, there are more than 4,600 works left by Jiading sages. The magnificent scenery and cultural heritage passed down from generation to generation have become the unique quality and treasure of Jiading, a famous historical and cultural city in the south of the Yangtze River.
The four famous teachers in Jiading, the three top scholars in the Qing Dynasty, and the two giants Qian and Wang carefully searched for the reasons behind these shining auras in history, and eliminated all unfavorable factors. The works of ancient Jiading women also accounted for the glory of Jiading ancestors. About one-twentieth of the work. Although almost all of these women's works exist in name only, they prove the extraordinary talents of Jiading people. The continuation of the cultural context is inseparable from the attention and care that intellectual women give to their children's education. These intellectual women themselves also strive to break through layers of feudal shackles, transcend war and chaos, and emerge one after another with outstanding talents. They gallop on the literary stage, lamenting the times or writing about themselves.
Jiading Talented Women in the Ming and Qing Literary Circles
According to Jiading County Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty, there were 48 Jiading female writers*** recorded in history, with 56 works, 65 of which were Participated in other books, most of which have been lost. The sequel to Jiading County in the Republic of China includes five works by five female writers. Except for the manuscript volume left by Zhuang Qikun of Qingyinzhai in the Qing Dynasty, the other four works have been lost. There are eight Jiading female authors in the Examination Series of Women's Writings of the Past Dynasties edited by Hu and republished by Hu. According to scholars' research, there were three other women's poems in Jiading during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but they were not recorded in the county annals, continued annals, or historical records. They are: Mao Erhua and Zhu Jun, with 0.755-79,000 poems; a poem "Wen Chan" comes from a Jiading woman; Hou Tongzeng's wife Zhao has two articles: a message to her husband before his death and an order to send his maid before his martyrdom. In addition, the county annals and historical examinations all contain the poems written by the young grandson and the old servant Liu En, who wrote poems for ten talented women, including Dong Shi, Dong Huisheng, Dong Yusheng, Dong Deqiu, Ji, Yi, Dong Wanxian, Dong and Dong Ergu. There are two other volumes of textual research compiled in the past dynasties. One is a collection of poems by Dong Shinai, which includes works by four aristocrats including Xia, Zhang Youwei, Sheng Huazhen and others. The other is the Sizhen Collection of Shanggu, which is a collection of poems by six talented women including Zhang Youshu, Zhang Youwei, Zhang Youxian, Zhang Youcheng and Zhang Youhong. Among them, Zhang Youwei is the wife of Jiading Hou. To sum up, there are 61 talented women in Jiading during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are 70 historical records. In addition, his poems are scattered in three collections and three Jiading women.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiading’s economy was prosperous and its literary style was at its peak. The strong literary atmosphere brought about by the imperial examinations inspired the entire region's love for poetry and books. Many families attach great importance to the education of their children, including girls. Therefore, a large number of male literati represented by the Jiading School emerged in Jiading, and a number of female writers also appeared in the literary world of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Talented women sang about the scenery of the four seasons, expressed their feelings in the boudoir, lamented their life circumstances, expressed their hatred for their family and country, or sang songs with relatives and friends. Their creations were in a relatively active state. Due to the traditional bad habit of "men are superior to women", there are very few local chronicles and biographies in various places in the past dynasties, except for piety towards filial piety. Coupled with the long history, especially the Japanese pirates and wars in Jiading, the demand for the works handed down by ancient women in Jiading exceeds the supply. Most of the talented women and their works have been buried in the depths of history, and only a handful of their names remain in historical records. .
The representative of the group of talented women in the Ming Dynasty was the famous Hou family.
Hou Linan
This word is very appropriate. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the daughter of Duke Qizeng was the wife of Gong Yuankan. Uncle Nan, Hou Tongzeng, was an anti-Qing righteous man.
If the word is in English. Hou Tongzeng's daughter and Hou Lin'an's sister. As the daughter of a loyal minister, Hou Huaifeng strictly abides by the court's instructions and understands the justice of the country. His poems in the collection of poems by Zhang's Six Talented Women record the tragic reality of the bloody battle when the Qing army entered the customs and occupied Beijing. The poem is deep and elegant, sentimental and melancholy, and moans without a child or illness. Another poem about his feelings during illness was written by his exiled brother Hou Xuanzhi. It’s also dark and sincere.
Xia Ji
Mute, Mei Nan, Long Yin. Hou Zengzi asked his wife about the candidate. As a boy, Xia was "good at playing piano and chess, doing inspirational exercises, and good at diction and poetry." Her brother often mentioned Xia in his poems, and even believed that her literary talent could be compared with that of talented women of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Both Xia and Hou suffered huge disasters in their anti-Qing actions. Both men almost died, Xia's son Hou Ming died in his teens. Xia Jifu's son died, and his life was unfortunate. Later, he became ordained with his mother and sister-in-law, and was named Shenyi. There is a saying: "In the past few years, three hundred and sixty joints have been sent to space and there is no love." It is passed down from generation to generation with nostalgia. Commented on his poems as "having no romantic habits."
Zhang Youwei
The word Huang Yu. The wife of Hou Tongzeng's nephew Hou. Hou Tongzeng's second son and younger brother Hou Qi were both killed for rebelling against the Qing Dynasty. Zengzi's candidate Hou Dong is a fugitive, and the government is urgently searching for him. Zhang Youwei's husband Hou Xuanhong, Hou Qi's eldest son, stood up for him and was imprisoned for a long time before being released. After the couple went into seclusion, everything began to return to their hometown. Zhang Wei wrote the Yichun Collection and handed it down to the world. His poetic style is clear and lively, reflecting the quiet emotions he felt when he retired to the spring in his later period.
Ning Ruosheng
The lyrics are wonderful. Son of Hou Xuan's wife Hou Zeng. According to Chen Qubing's brother-in-law, in the Hou family's official family, all sons and daughters-in-law were literate. Ning Ruosheng, his wife Yao Guiyu, Hou Xuanxun's wife Xia, Hou's wife Zhang Youwei and other sisters-in-law often sang or discussed classics and studied history, among which Ning Ruosheng was the most knowledgeable. Ning lived in the year of Longyin Yicao.
Based on his extraordinary family experience, his poems are full of world-famous lines, and his emotions are also full of worry and affection, which cannot be compared to the ordinary in my heart.
Yao Guiyu
Practice, and your Dharma name will be reborn. Hou Xuan, the son of anti-Qing celebrity Hou Tongzeng, plays his wife. The poems of Yao Gui and Gong Yu can be written. After the Hou family was martyred, Yao Guiyu's sister-in-law Xia made a wish at Longjiang Gate in Caoxi, and her name was reborn. There are poems about ladies of the Qing Dynasty that have been passed down from generation to generation. Their poems are desolate and desolate, especially those written by the ancient Buddha in his later years in the Qing Dynasty. It makes people unable to help but read them.
There were many talented women in Jiading during the Qing Dynasty.
Hou Chengen
Filial piety, no. Ancient Shu. According to historical records, Hou Chengen has been a great Minhui scholar since he was a child. Li Ling has a good saying, "Worrying about the bright moon will make people lose weight", and there is also a long paragraph, "Write poetry, play chess, and play the piano well." Hou Chengen wrote one volume of Yanxi Tower and seven volumes of Wu Shizhi. "His poems are full of red and green words, which is really sad." His words are generally graceful and desolate. The current place name of "Penshan Pavilion" in Jiading City is derived from the "Penshan Pavilion" in Hou Chengen's ancestral home.
Fujiwara Hiroshi
Bookstore, no, Xiaoan. Ye Hongkun is smart, well-read, and good at writing poems and lyrics. Her husband died at the age of twenty-nine, and Nadeshiko kept her integrity and died at the age of eighty-three. Ye Jian is extremely talented. He wrote two volumes, Chunhui Shicao and Regeneration Manuscripts, which are very popular in the world. His lyrics are light and graceful, inherited from the Southern Tang Dynasty. 122 of his poems were received. Comments on the cloud: "Ye Taijun praised the pepper and chrysanthemum, wiped the moon and criticized the wind, spent time writing lyrics, accumulated good works, and played the flute to win the pavilion. He tried new sounds, took advantage of the Yang family, copied old songs, and in the late Song Dynasty, he could go to the Hall of Qin and Liu; return to < /p>
Qiantang's daughter. Qiantang was a scholar in the 45th year of Qianlong's reign and the nephew of Confucian scholar Qian Daxin. According to records, Huilong was a "young man in literature and history" who cut clouds to decorate the moon, played bamboo and played the piano, and sang since he was a child. Poems and lyrics. When Long died of illness in Qiantang in 55 years, Jiang Ning took office. He wrote a poem, "I am happy now when I recall my father's official visit to Jinling for more than ten years." He once said, "Twelve years of official residence in Jinling, a feast in April." A few years later, the older generation passed away, and her husband was unable to manage the family. He studied abroad all year round, and the family situation declined. Finally, she sighed, "My heart has been broken for seventeen years now. My dear friend returned. To the heavenly sea. "After a few years, she finally passed away, "I can't afford to be hurt. "In the Yiyou year of Dao, Sun Renyuan of Hangzhou was appointed as Pingyang's emissary. Chen Yi collected the manuscripts of his cousin's lost poems and obtained more than 100 poems, more than 10 words, several eulogies, and the title "Rebirth and Remaining Things". Please publish it in the preface. Republic of China During this period, Xu Shichang, the president of Beiyang, who was a scholar, collected 110 outstanding works of Tongcheng poets in the collection of Ci Chao of Penshan Pavilion, among which Qian Huilong was listed. The current body is close to Tang Yin, and it is also longer than the pavilion and cloud of Tanjuxuan. ”
Modern women with blooming flowers.
After the Revolution of 1911, society changed dramatically. Under the influence of new educational ideas, traditional female morality was greatly challenged, and women gradually Breaking out of the boudoir to receive new education. In this context, Jiading women also woke up very early. They went to school and received new education, even in co-educational schools, to learn new modern knowledge and speech that was completely different from traditional culture. The road to success is no longer limited to the poetry and songs of ancient women, but, like men, gradually moves into public places, touches all areas of society, and makes positive contributions. Their names and deeds begin to be known to people. , wrote a spectacular page in the history of Jiading. Therefore, the modern pursuit of talented women is no longer limited to the field of literature.
Chen
He was born in Nanxiang, Jiading in 1924. She joined the Communist Party of China in 2001 and was the first member of the Communist Party of China in the history of Jiading.
She served successively as secretary of the Nanjing Youth League Committee, secretary of the third branch, and secretary of the Communist Party of China. Female member of the Nanjing Prefectural Committee and one of the leaders of the Nanjing Women's Revolutionary Movement was arrested in the early morning of April 11, 1927 and secretly murdered by the reactionaries on the 13th.
General Cheng Hui
, a native of Jiading District, studied at Shanghai Women's Medical College in his early years and was admitted to Yale University School of Medicine in 1921. He received his master's degree in 1924 and returned to China to study at Shanghai Shangxiantang Women's and Children's Hospital and Renhe Hospital. He served as a doctor. In 1930, he went to the United States and worked as a researcher at the University of Michigan. Shortly after returning to China, he served as the director of Shangxiantang Women's and Children's Hospital. In 1934, he was appointed as the president of the Zhejiang Provincial Midwifery School and the Affiliated Maternity Hospital during the Anti-Japanese War. , served as member and secretary of the Midwifery Education Committee of the National Government Medical Education Committee, and health counselor of the Ministry of Education. He was responsible for drafting wartime medical education plans and compiling teaching materials, and often went to universities and traditional Chinese medicine schools in rear provinces and cities for supervision.
He returned to Jiading in 1947 and devoted himself to the local medical industry. He founded Zeng Puji Hospital and served as its director. The author Song Yun Xiaocao Xiu Yu Cicao and others. >Zhang Jiaxuan
was born in Jiading City. In 1912, she entered Jiangsu Second Women's Normal School. In 1920, she went to England with her husband Xu Zhimo, and in 1926, he returned to Germany. She went to China and became a German teacher at Soochow University in Suzhou. Later, she served as the vice president of Shanghai Women's Commercial Bank and was hired as the general manager of Shangyun Fashion Company. Jiading District. In 1931, he graduated from the University of Michigan Graduate School with a PhD in physics.
After returning to China, he successively served as a professor of physics at Datong University, Tangshan Jiaotong University, and Guangxi University. From 1937 to 1939, he worked as a researcher at the Royal Institute of Physics in Berlin, Germany. From 1947 to 1949, he served as editor of the National Translation and Translation Institute. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he successively served as professor of Beijing Iron and Steel Institute, director of the Physics Teaching and Research Office, and vice president of the Beijing Branch of the Chinese Physical Society from the first to the seventh term. Specializes in low temperature physics and spectroscopy. In the 1930s, the intensity distribution of the light band system was studied, and in the 1940s, the Stark effect was studied. Silver Lake Network was exposed by the Financial Magic Mirror. In the 1950s, it did spectral analysis of rare earth elements, and in the 1960s, it also studied low-temperature physics. The main papers include the complete collection of Qing poetry, Shun Kang volume and Guo Dynasty poetry, and the comprehensive manuscripts of female bookworms.
Qian Suxing
, a native of Jiading, is the "Queen" of sprinting. In 1930, she graduated from Jiading County Junior High School and was admitted to the High School Normal School Affiliated to Shanghai East Asia Physical Education College. After graduation, she went straight to the Physical Education College. In 1931, at the Second Shanghai Games, 17-year-old Qian won the women's 200-meter race and long jump championship, and set a new national record. In October 1932, Shanghai hosted the World Games. As a member of Qian's Chinese team, she participated in the 4100-meter relay, and the Chinese women's team won the championship in 58 seconds. In September 1933, at the third Shanghai Olympics, Qian set national records in the women's 100-meter and 200-meter races. Hu Kao was a famous cartoonist in the 1930s, best at caricature portraits. His "wild cat" is Wang; the standard beauty is Xu Lai; the flattering one is Ruan; the "mermaid" is the famous swimmer Yang Xiuqiong, and Qian is painted as a "short-legged tigress" by him.
Pu Jiexiu
studied at Yunqi Primary School in Jiading. After graduating from high school, he became a primary school teacher and was admitted to Beijing Normal University. In 1932, he went to Germany for further study. After September 18, he joined the League in Germany. In 1937, he completed his postgraduate studies and returned to China with a chartered engineer certificate. In 1945, she was elected as a director of the China Women's Federation. After 1949, he served as vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association. Pu Jiexiu was a representative of the first to eighth National People's Congress and a member of the second to fourth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Park Xixiu
, studied in Yunqi Primary School in Jiading when she was young, and later studied in the elementary school, middle school and middle school attached to Beijing Normal University, and dropped out of high school. In 1929, she was admitted to the Women's Normal University. After graduating from college in 1933, he taught Chinese at the private Zhicheng Middle School. In 1936, Wanqing_Shihui worked in distribution and advertising, and later became a journalist. Joined the China Democratic League in 1944. After 1949, he served as a representative of the first National Political Consultative Conference. Served as deputy editor-in-chief of public health and author of midwifery. Pu Xixiu, who has been engaged in journalism for more than 30 years, is known for her hard work and quick thinking. She is a leader among modern female journalists in China.
Pu Anxiu
graduated from Peking Normal University. She joined the Women's National Salvation Association in 1936 and the Communist Party of China in the same year. He joined the Eighth Route Army in 1938 and married Peng Peng in Yan'an on October 10 of the same year. He once served as deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Normal University, member of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China, representative of the Second National People's Congress, and member of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He compiled and published clinical bacteriology.