When does Sophora japonica bloom?
The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is 65438+1October.
breeding method
Sowing propagation
1. Choice of nurseries
Sophora japonica seedlings should choose loam or sandy loam with flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage conditions, fertile soil and deep soil layer. It can adapt to neutral, calcareous and slightly acidic soil. Electric energy grows normally in mild saline-alkali land (salt content is about 0. 15% 1), but it grows poorly in arid, barren and low-lying waterlogged nursery land.
2. Seed treatment before sowing should adopt seed soaking method or sand storage method.
(1) Seed soaking method: Soak the seeds with water at 80℃, keep stirring until the water temperature drops below 45℃, and stand for 24 hours, then take out the swollen seeds. For unexpanded seeds, repeat the above method for 2~3 times to make them expand. Cover the swollen seeds with wet cloth or straw curtain to accelerate germination. After 1.5 ~ 2 days, about 20% of the seeds germinate and then sow.
(2) Sand storage method: Generally, the seeds are stored in sand in 10~ 15d before sowing. Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours before sand storage, so that the water content of sand reaches 60%, that is, the seeds are held in your hand and dispersed at the touch. Mix the seed sand evenly according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, put it into the pre-dug pit, and then cover it with plastic sheets. During sand storage, ploughing should be done 1 time every day and kept moist, and 50% seeds can be sown when they germinate.
Step 3: sow.
Sowing time is generally spring sowing, and Zhuozhou is generally suitable for sowing in the first half of April. The sowing amount is per mu 10 ~ 12 kg. Ridge sowing or planting can be used. When sowing in ridge cultivation, the ridge spacing is 70~80cm, the ridge bottom is 40~50cm, the surface is about 30cm, the climbing height 15~20cm, the sowing width 10cm and the coverage 1.5~2cm. Can also be used, no ridge, row spacing of 60~70cm, sowing width of 5cm. After sowing, the seeds are pressed to make them closely combine with the soil, and when conditions permit, they can be covered with plastic film.
Buried root propagation
1. Seed preparation: The seed roots of Sophora japonica can be introduced after defoliation. Before planting, it should be buried and preserved with sand, and the humidity of the sand should be controlled so that the root segments are not dehydrated and dry, and the humidity should not be too high to avoid mildew and rot.
2. Soil preparation: It is best to choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no infection source of pests and diseases. Apply 2500 kg of livestock manure per 667 square meters, or 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and hydrazine as base fertilizer; Use carbofuran and other pesticides to kill underground pests. The ground should be deeply turned, trimmed and raked, and the width of the frame should be about 1 m.
3. Seedling raising: the seedling raising time is early March in the south and early April in the north. Select smooth root segments with a diameter of 5 ~ 10 mm 1 ~ 2 years old, and cut them into 5 ~ 7 cm long for later use. Trenching along the border with a spacing of 50 cm and a depth of 5 cm, then placing the root segments in the trench with a spacing of 30 cm, covering them with fine sand, pouring the root water thoroughly, and covering them with plastic film, and the seedlings can emerge in about one month.
Branch cutting
1, the cutting time is the same as that of burying roots to raise seedlings, or it can be earlier.
2. Select lignified hard branches with a diameter of 8 ~ 20mm and cut them into cuttings with a length of 15cm. The upper incision is cut flat, with a distance of 1 ~ 2cm from the bud bag, and the lower incision is cut into a 45-degree oblique mouth, with a distance of 5mm from the bud bag. Divide the upper and lower ends into 50 bundles, soak the lower end in 50 mg/kg rooting powder solution for 3-4 hours, and take it out for later use.
3. The requirements for soil preparation are the same as before. According to the row spacing of 20 cm× 40 cm, insert the branches into the soil at an inclination of 45 degrees, and cover the frame with plastic film. [3]
After management and maintenance sowing, the seedlings usually start to emerge in 7 ~ 10 days, and 10 ~ 15 days. When the seedlings grow 2~3 true leaves, the mulch should be removed. When the seedling height 15cm, the seedling spacing 10~ 15cm, and the number of seedlings per mu is about 8000.
transplant
For green seedlings, it usually takes 3-4 years to leave the nursery. Because the top branches of seedlings have dense buds and short spacing, the trunk is easy to bend. In the spring of the following year, the annual seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 40-50 cm and a row spacing of 70-80 cm. After planting, the trunk can be cut off 3-5 cm from the ground. Because Sophora japonica has the ability to germinate, it is easy to germinate in large quantities after cutting. When the sprouted branches grow to about 20cm, choose 1 upright and robust branches as the trunk, and smooth all other branches. Pay attention to tillering and lateral movement at any time in the future, and temporarily keep the weak lateral branches in the upper, middle and lower parts of the trunk, which is beneficial to prevent the trunk from bending. In this way, the seedling height in the second year can reach more than 3 meters.
Fertilizer and water management
The watering times of Sophora japonica seedlings should be determined according to climatic conditions, soil texture and other factors. Under normal circumstances, water should be poured 2-3 times from emergence to rainy season, and frozen water should be poured 1 time before the nursery freezes to prevent timely drainage in case of waterlogging; Before sowing, about 3000 kilograms of base fertilizer (mainly organic fertilizer or ring fertilizer) should be applied to each mu of nursery land. By the first ten days of June, 8~ 10kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) can be applied topdressing per mu in coordination with watering, and urea can be applied topdressing in July and August (it is best to mix a proper amount of compound fertilizer 12~3 times, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time is about 30kg). Stop watering and fertilization after September to promote lignification of seedlings.
Plastic trimming
According to the need, it can be shaped and trimmed into three tree types: natural happy, cup-shaped and natural closed-axis trunk. Natural happiness refers to fixing the trunk when it is more than 3m long, selecting 3-4 branches with healthy growth and appropriate angles as the main branches, and removing the side branches and buds below the main branches in time. When cutting in winter, the main branches should be cut short and medium, leaving 50-60 cm to promote the growth of secondary branches and form small crowns; Cup-shaped, that is, keep three main branches like a natural heart, and cut two side branches from each main branch in winter to form six branchlets. In summer, the growth is controlled by coring, and two branches are cut off from each twig in the following winter to form a cup-shaped "three branches and six weights 12 branches". The trunk shape of natural combination means that after the main branches are retained, as long as the strong terminal buds and upright buds are retained in the future, pruning will be carried out to cultivate strong branches at all levels, so that the crown will continue to expand.