I. Strategic Operation (Articles 1 to 3):
The first article "the beginning"
It is about temple calculation, that is, before sending troops, we compare the situation of the enemy and ourselves in the temple, estimate the possibility of winning or losing the war, and make a battle plan. The first plan, also called plan for short, is the first article in Sun Tzu's Art of War. The original meaning of the plan is calculation and estimation, which refers to the strategic planning before the war.
As the first article of Sun Tzu's Art of War, it can be regarded as a highly concentrated and incisive summary of Sun Tzu's excellent military thoughts to a certain extent. It compares, analyzes and studies the basic political and military conditions that determine the outcome of a war from a macro perspective, predicts the development process and final outcome of the war, and especially emphasizes the decisive role of careful planning before using troops.
Among them, "Cautious War" is Sun Tzu's basic proposition to guide the war practice, "Five Things and Seven Strategies" is his basic element to predict the victory or defeat of the war, and "Soldiers are also cunning" points out the essentials of using troops and wisdom. "Cautious War", "Five Things and Seven Strategies" and "Twelve Deceptions" are the earliest strategic concepts in ancient China, which belong to the specific content of "temple calculation".
The second "battle"
It is about the mobilization of war after the temple calculation, and using it to fight against the enemy, so as to defeat the enemy and strengthen the country. "Work" means "manufacturing" and "rising". The "war" here does not refer to war, but to the preparation and planning before the war, which belongs to the category of "defeating the enemy without fighting". Guided by the thought of "cautious war", this paper focuses on the relationship between war and economy after Ji Pian. War depends on the economy, but it will cause some damage to the economy.
The third article "conspiracy and attack"
It is about attacking the city with ingenuity, that is, not using special forces, but using various means to make the defensive enemy surrender.
Second, the operational command (fourth to sixth):
The fourth article "military form"
It talks about objective, stable and easy-to-see factors, such as the strength of combat effectiveness and material preparation for war.
The fifth article "The Soldier"
Refers to subjective, changeable and accidental factors, such as the distribution of troops and the courage of morale.
The sixth article "the actual situation"
It's about how to disperse and assemble, surround and detour, and make us strong and weak at the scheduled battle site, so as to win more than less.
Three, the battlefield machine change (seventh to ninth):
Chapter VII "Military Argument"
It is about how to "take detour as a straight line" and "take suffering as a benefit" to seize the combat advantage.
Chapter 8 "Nine Changes"
It is about the general adopting different strategies and tactics according to different situations.
The ninth article "March"
It's about how to camp in the March and observe the enemy's situation.
4. Military Geography (Items 10 to 11):
Article 10 "Topography"
It is about six different operational terrains and corresponding tactical requirements.
Article 11 "Nine Places"
According to the situation of "subject and object" and the degree of going deep into enemy lines, it talked about nine operational environments and corresponding tactical requirements.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Special Tactics (Chapters 12 to 13):
Article 12 "Fire Attack"
It is about auxiliary firepower and the idea of "cautious war".
Article 13 "Use interval"
It's about the cooperation of five kinds of spies.
Thirty-six plans:
1, cheating
This refers to crossing the sea in broad daylight. Describe a lot of deception and lies, what kind of deception.
2, wai Wei to save Zhao
It refers to besieging Wei to save Zhao. Now, it refers to the tactics of forcing the enemy to retreat by surpassing the enemy's rear.
3, impeded
Metaphor does not come forward, under the guise of others' hands to harm people.
4, waiting to work.
When fighting, don't attack first, but save your strength to deal with the tired enemy in the distance.
5. fish in troubled waters
This refers to grabbing things when people are angry. Now it is a metaphor for taking advantage of people's danger and making profits.
6. Transfer from East to West
On the surface, it means attacking the east, but in fact it means attacking the west. Misleading the enemy's military strategy.
create/beget/fabricate (sth) out of nothing
This finger didn't have it originally, but insisted that it did. Now describe fabrication out of thin air.
8. Dark Chen Cang
Confuse the enemy from the front and raid from the flank. Metaphor is covert activity. The latter refers to secret activities (especially adultery).
9. Pay attention to the fire on the other side
Look at the fire across the river. Metaphor is to watch others in distress without help.
10, the bait hides the hook
Metaphor is pleasing in appearance and insidious in heart.
1 1, Li
Originally refers to peach and plum adversity. Metaphor brothers love each other and help each other. Later used to refer to replacing each other or suffering for others.
12 shoplifting
Steal. Metaphor is easy, you can get it if you seize the opportunity. Now it refers to stealing people's things.
13, startle the snake
Touching the grass alarmed the snake hiding in the grass. Later used to refer to doing things carelessly, acting carelessly, and letting the other party notice.
14, rebirth
Superstitious people believe that after death, the soul can attach itself to other people's bodies and be resurrected. Later used to describe things that have been eliminated or declined, reappearing under another name or in another form.
15, draw a tiger out of the mountain
Try to get the tiger down the mountain. Metaphor tries to lure people away from their original places to facilitate their actions.
16, playing hard to get
In order to catch him, let him go on purpose. Metaphor further control, deliberately relax first.
17, throw a brick to attract jade
Draw others' brilliant views with your own superficial views.
18, catch the thief and catch the king
In the battle, we must first catch the main enemy. Metaphor captures the key to doing things.
19
Draw firewood from the bottom of the pot. Metaphor fundamentally solve the problem.
20. fish in troubled waters
Metaphor takes advantage of chaos to grab illegitimate interests. Also known as "fish in troubled waters".
2 1, the golden cicada sheds its shell
Cicadas should shed their young shells when they are adults. Metaphor muddle through.
22. Close the door to catch thieves
Close the door and catch the thief who entered the house.
23, outbreeding near attack
Make friends with distant countries and attack neighboring countries. This is Qin's diplomatic strategy of annexing six countries and unifying the whole country.
24. False felling of Guo
In the name of Tao, I actually want to occupy the country (or Tao). Guo, the name of a vassal. Also known as "false way to destroy the enemy"
25, bait-and-switch
Metaphor is playing tricks in the dark, confusing the fake with the real.
26. Talk to the mulberry tree.
Pointing at the mulberry tree and cursing the locust tree. Metaphor is to use the topic to play, pointing to this and scolding that.
27. False infatuation is not epilepsy.
Pretend to be dementia, hide people's eyes and ears, and have other plans.
28. Go to the house and get the ladder.
Take down the ladder when you go upstairs. Talk to others in secret by mentioning them. It is also a metaphor to encourage people and make them fall for it.
29. The trees are in full bloom.
Metaphor will profit, others will gain. Language "Dangkou Zhi".
30, anti-customer.
I'm a guest, but I speak as a host. The latter refers to taking positive measures on some occasions to overwhelm others with momentum.
3 1, honey trap
A trick to seduce beautiful women.
32. Empty city plan
When the enemy is outnumbered, deliberately signaling people not to be prepared for the lack of military equipment will make the enemy have the illusion and scare them away. Later, it generally refers to the strategy of covering up one's own strength emptiness and confusing the other side.
33. Countermeasures
The original plan was to use the enemy's spies for our own use, or to let the enemy obtain false information, which was beneficial to me. Later, it refers to using tactics to alienate the enemy and cause infighting.
34.risk
Deliberately maiming the body to win the trust of the other party, thus carrying out a double-agent conspiracy.
35. Chain instrument
This is the name of Yuan Zaju. The script was written by Dong Zhuo at the end of Han Dynasty and designed by Wang Yun. First, he promised to marry the story of the beautiful woman Diusim and Lu Bu, and then gave it to Dong Zhuo to alienate them, which led Lu Bu to kill Dong Zhuo. Later used to refer to one interrelated plan after another.
36. Walking is the best policy
Refers to running away when you see that the situation is extremely unfavorable to you in the war. Nowadays, it is mostly used for the attitude of choosing to retreat and escape when the situation is unfavorable and there is no hope of success.
Extended data
Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure in China's classical military cultural heritage and an important part of China's excellent cultural tradition. It is the greatest military theory work of China in ancient times, and it is also one of the most influential and extensive ancient books of China in the world. Its strategic thinking and philosophical thinking are widely used in military, political, economic and other fields.
Its content is profound, its thoughts are profound and rich, and its logic is rigorous. The author is Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. His writing was at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period about 2,500 years ago. It is the earliest work on military theory in the world, which is even better than that of clausewitz in Europe. Clausewitz wrote about war 2300 years ago.
"Thirty-six Plans" is a military work based on China's excellent ancient military thoughts and rich struggle experience, and it is one of the long-standing cultural heritages of the Chinese nation. The phrase "Thirty-six Strategies" was written earlier than the year of writing, and its etymology can be taken from Tan Dao Ji (? -A.D. 436), according to the Biography of King Jingze of the Southern Qi Dynasty: "Tan Gong's thirty-six plans are the best policy, and your father and son should only listen to them." It means that defeat is inevitable and only retreat is the best policy.
This sentence was used by later generations. Hui Hong's "Cold Zhai Night Talk" in Song Dynasty: "Thirty-six plans, walking is the best plan." . In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, more people quoted this language. So a man of heart collected a batch of books and compiled "Thirty-six Plans". However, it is difficult to determine when and by whom this book was written.
The original book is arranged according to the plan name and divided into six sets, namely, winning plan, enemy plan, attack plan, melee plan, merger plan and defeat plan. The first three sets are for top students and the last three sets are for bottom students. Each set contains six meters, a total of 36 meters.
Among them, the explanation after each name comes from the theory of Yin and Yang changes in the Book of Changes and the thoughts of the ancient military strategists on the mutual transformation of opposites, such as rigidity, strangeness, aggression, defense, self-denial, falsehood and falsehood, and subject and object, which contains simple military dialectics factors. After the commentary, most of the comments quoted the war examples before the Song Dynasty and the incisive expositions of military strategists such as Sun Wu, Wu Qi and Wei Liaozi. There is also a general introduction and postscript in the book.